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BackgroundDespite the vast literature studying the opioid crisis, sparse data describe this in the pediatric burn population. This study sought to assess patient-level characteristics and their potential effects on opioid administration in nonsurgical pediatric burn inpatients.MethodsAdmitted burn patients from 2013 to 2018 with nonsurgical management at an American Burn Association (ABA) verified pediatric burn center were retrospectively identified. Morphine milligram equivalents by weight (MME/kg) per admission were evaluated through a multiple loglinear regression with race, sex, age, total body surface area burned (TBSA), and burn depth as predictors. Simple linear regression was used to evaluate the temporal trend of median opioid utilization.ResultsA total of 806 patients (55% White, 35% Black, 5% Hispanic, 5% Other) were included. In an adjusted analysis, no differences in opioid administration were seen by sex, burn degree, or for Blacks and Hispanics when compared with Whites. Increased MME/kg was associated with older age (10–18 years; p < 0.0001) and larger burns (>5% TBSA burned; p < 0.0001). From 2013 to 2018, median MME/kg per admission declined significantly (2013:0.21, 2018:0.09; p = 0.0103).ConclusionsNonsurgical burn patients who were older and presented with larger TBSA experienced marked increases in opioid utilization. Overall, opioid administration decreased over time.  相似文献   
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BackgroundThe opioid epidemic is an international public health concern. Pharmacists are in a strategic position to promote and implement effective opioid stewardship due to both their central role on health care teams and frequent interaction with patients. Despite this integral role, pharmacists do not have harmonized scopes of practice in opioid stewardship.ObjectivesThis scoping review was conducted to identify and critically review the role of pharmacists in opioid stewardship and identify future areas of study.MethodsThe scoping review was conducted according to the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, which was further modified by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Six databases were searched for original, peer-reviewed research; PubMed (MEDLINE), Ovid Embase, Ovid International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and APA PsycInfo.ResultsIn 92% of the included studies (n = 77), opioid stewardship interventions led by either a pharmacist or in an interdisciplinary team resulted in improvements in at least one outcome measure, with education and medication therapy adjustments being the most predominant activities. Other areas supported by evidence include community stakeholder education, policy and guideline setting, and risk assessment.ConclusionThis scoping review provides valuable insight into the various roles pharmacists can have in opioid stewardship. The findings from this review identified opioid stewardship activities that can make significant contributions towards reducing the impact of the opioid crisis. This review informs future research and has the potential to influence pharmacy practice on a national and international scale.  相似文献   
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Opioids are often the mainstay of postoperative pain management, despite strong evidence of their ill effects and potential for long-term addiction. The goal of this study was to quantify opioid use and contrast pain management strategies of multiple international institutions performing fibula free flap reconstruction. A retrospective multicenter cohort study was designed, including five international centers. For inclusion, the patients had to have undergone a primary fibula free flap reconstruction of the mandible. A total of 185 patients were included. The median opioid use across all centers at 72 hours was 133 oral morphine equivalents. The highest utilization was in the USA (P < 0.001), which was approximately six times that of Italy, four times that of Argentina, and twice that of India, despite all centers performing a similar procedure. Based on this study there are clear differences in prescribing practices and ideologies among surgeons from different countries.  相似文献   
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IntroductionThe misuse of and addiction to opioids are a national public health crisis. The complexity of delivering patient care in emergency departments exposes nurses to stressful work situations with complex patient loads and increasing levels of compassion fatigue. Emergency nurses were asked about their feelings of compassion fatigue while caring for patients with opioid use and/or substance use disorders.MethodsTwenty-four focus groups with emergency nurses (N = 53) at a level I trauma center were conducted in late 2019 and early 2020 are used in this qualitative study using thematic analysis that identified 1 main theme of compassion fatigue with 3 subthemes (nurse frustration with addicted patients, emotional responses, and job satisfaction).ResultsFindings highlight that emergency nurses working with patients with opioid use and/or substance use disorders are dealing with a number of negative emotional stressors and frustrations, which in turn has increased their levels of compassion fatigue. These nurses repeatedly expressed feelings of increasing frustration with addicted patients, negative emotional responses, and decreasing levels of job satisfaction as components of their compassion fatigue.DiscussionThese emergency nurses identified 3 areas to improve their compassion: improved management support with encouragement across all work shifts, debriefing opportunities, and more education. Fostering a high level of self-awareness and understanding of how the work environment influences personal well-being are necessary strategies to avoid the frustrations and negative emotional responses associated with compassion fatigue.  相似文献   
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《Primary care》2020,47(2):383-394
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