Behavioural impairment and oxidative stress by acute exposure of zebrafish to a commercial formulation of tebuconazole

Tebuconazole is a systemic follicular fungicide known to cause diverse problems in non-target organisms namely associated to the pure active ingredient. As such, the objective of this work was to evaluate developmental changes induced by a tebuconazole commercial formulation to a non-target animal model. Zebrafish embryos at ± 2 h post-fertilization were exposed to tebuconazole wettable powder concentrations (0.05, 0.5 and 5 mg L^-1) for 96 h with developmental toxicity assessed throughout the exposure period and biochemical parameters evaluated at the end of the exposure. Behavioural assessment (spatial exploration and response to stimuli) was conducted 24 h after the end of the exposure. While no developmental and physiological alterations were observed, exposure to tebuconazole resulted in an increased generation of reactive oxidative species at the 0.05 and 0.5 mg L^-1 concentrations and a decreased GPx activity at the 0.5 mg L^-1 concentration suggesting a potential protection mechanism. There was also a change in the avoidance-escape behaviour supporting an anxiolytic effect suggesting possible alterations in the central nervous system development demanding further studies.     

Associations of residential greenspace exposure and fetal growth across four areas in Spain

An accumulating body of evidence has associated exposure to greenspace with improved birth outcomes, including higher birth weight and lower risk of low birth weight; however, evidence on such association with in-utero fetal growth is scarce. We explored the influence of maternal exposure to residential greenspace and fetal growth in four INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) Spanish birth cohorts (2003–2008), with 2,465 participants. Residential greenspace was characterised by the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average across 100 m, 300 m, and 500 m buffers around the residence. Repeated ultrasound measurements of the abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were used. We created customised-generalised least squares models to evaluate associations of residential greenspace exposure on each fetal growth parameter, controlled for the relevant confounders. There were associations between the 500 m buffer and BPD, FL, and AC. We also found associations in the 300 m buffer and FL and AC. The associations in the 100 m buffer were null. Estimates were higher among participants with lower socioeconomic status. Mediation analyses found that air pollution might explain 15–37% of our associations. Mediation by physical activity was not observed. Greenspace exposure may be beneficial for fetal growth.     

不同机种军事飞行员运动心肺功能研究

目的了解不同机种军事飞行员运动心肺功能有无差异。方法飞行员分为高性能战斗机和普通战斗机两组,采用意大利COSMED运动心肺功能测试仪,选择自行车功率计运动方式,以25 W/min功率递增速率极量运动方案,进行运动心肺功能测试,比较两组运动心肺功能数据的主要指标。结果两组飞行员各207例完成运动心肺功能测试,两组的年龄、身高、体质量和体质量指数差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。两组数据的主要指标中,除了峰值氧脉搏[高性能战斗机组(15.36±2.43)mL/bpm,普通战斗机组(14.95±2.13)mL/bpm]差异有统计学意义(P=0.038),其他差异均无统计学意义,而且各指标差异幅度均较小,高性能战斗机飞行员组的峰值氧脉搏高于普通战斗机组2.74%。结论综合比较,高性能战斗机和普通战斗机飞行员的运动心肺功能无明显差异,提示两组飞行员日常有氧运动训练效果一致,在转换飞行机种时,可以不受运动心肺功能的限制。     

二维斑点追踪显像技术评估窒息新生儿左心室纵向收缩功能与心肌损害的相关性

【摘要】目的 探讨二维斑点追踪显像技术(2D-STI)评估新生儿窒息合并心肌损害后左心室整体及局部心肌的纵向收缩功能在早期诊断窒息新生儿心肌损害中的临床价值。方法 选择2019年07月至2020年12月期间在右江民族医学院附属医院新生儿科住院的足月窒息新生儿61例，经临床确诊合并心肌损害，根据Apgar评分分为轻度组31例和重度组30例，选择同期住院出生的正常足月新生儿30例作为对照组。检测受检者的血清肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、肌钙蛋白（cTnT）、左室舒张期前后径（LVDId）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）、辛普森法左室射血分数（Simpson EF）、左室三腔心整体应变（GLS-LAX）、左室四腔心整体应变（GLS-A4C）、左室两腔心整体应变（GLS-A2C）、左室整体应变（GLS-AVG）,分析GLS-AVG和CK-MB、cTnT三者的相关性。结果 三组间CK-MB和cTnT比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。三组间性别、体重、胎龄均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。三组间LVDId、LVEF、LVFS、Simpson EF比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。GLS-AVG与CK-MB呈负性相关（r=-0.515，P=0.000），GLS-AVG与cTnT呈负性相关（r=-0.912，P=0.000）。结论 GLS-AVG与CK-MB、cTnT具有相关性，GLS-AVG可作为窒息新生儿心肌损害早期诊断指标。     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童执行功能的评估与干预

ADHD儿童认知障碍的主要特征之一是执行功能损害,涉及包括前额叶皮层在内的特定脑区域及多层级脑网络异常。执行功能按照功能性分为冷-热两方面:冷执行功能损害主要表现于反应抑制、工作记忆以及认知灵活性等;热执行功能损害通常涉及延迟满足、赏罚相关决策、自我调节及情绪调节等。ADHD儿童的执行功能评估应基于可信范式进行文化适应性调整。临床干预不能单一聚焦于冷执行功能,需关注儿童的身体发育以及热执行功能(情绪社会方面)的发展进程,结合其他共病与心理状况,进行全面的动态随访与干预,以达到最佳的长期疗效。     

The role of dark adaptation in understanding early AMD

The main aim of the paper is to discuss current knowledge on how Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) affects Dark Adaptation (DA). The paper is divided into three parts. Firstly, we outline some of the molecular mechanisms that control DA. Secondly, we review the psychophysical issues and the corresponding analytical techniques. Finally, we characterise the link between slowed DA and the morphological abnormalities in early AMD.Historically, DA has been regarded as too cumbersome for widespread clinical application. Yet the technique is extremely useful; it is widely accepted that the psychophysically obtained slope of the second rod-mediated phase of the dark adaptation function is an accurate assay of photoreceptor pigment regeneration kinetics. Technological developments have prompted new ways of generating the DA curve, but analytical problems remain. A simple potential solution to these, based on the application of a novel fast mathematical algorithm, is presented. This allows the calculation of the parameters of the DA curve in real time.Improving current management of AMD will depend on identifying a satisfactory endpoint for evaluating future therapeutic strategies. This must be implemented before the onset of severe disease. Morphological changes progress too slowly to act as a satisfactory endpoint for new therapies whereas functional changes, such as those seen in DA, may have more potential in this regard. It is important to recognise, however, that the functional changes are not confined to rods and that building a mathematical model of the DA curve enables the separation of rod and cone dysfunction and allows more versatility in terms of the range of disease severity that can be monitored. Examples are presented that show how analysing the DA curve into its constituent components can improve our understanding of the morphological changes in early AMD.     

基于合作对象探讨我国学术期刊专题/专栏建设

【目的】 了解学术期刊专题/专栏建设的现状,以切实发挥学术期刊专题/专栏建设的作用,为期刊的品牌建设、学术创新、影响力提升和办刊质量提高提供策略。【方法】 采用问卷调查法,对全国范围内397名专题/专栏合作对象(包括期刊主编、编委、审稿人、作者)进行调查,了解他们对期刊专题/专栏建设的态度和意见,从合作对象视角探讨影响学术期刊专题/专栏建设成功率和有效性的因素。【结果】 合作对象态度上,表示支持专题/专栏建设工作的比例较高(71.28%),但供稿率不高(43.37%),存在态度和行为分离的现象。排名前5的供稿率影响因素是期刊被本专业领域研究者认可、期刊被数据库收录情况、期刊影响力、期刊品牌、期刊的处理速度。最优的约稿方式是行业内的学术带头人联系约稿,其次是熟识的专家委托和期刊主编亲自联系进行约稿。合作对象最希望获得的帮助是稿件快速审理发表和确定选题方向。【结论】 为提高学术期刊专题/专栏建设质量,应进一步挖掘重要合作对象的作用,有针对性地选择高供稿率的合作对象;努力挖掘和利用影响合作对象供稿的因素,在期刊品牌建设、扩大影响力方面下功夫;优化约稿方式方法,重视行业学术带头人的作用;同时通过稿件快速审理发表、帮助确定选题并提供发表后推广等服务,提高合作对象对专题/专栏建设工作的认可度和参与度。     

Zhang Weishen: A Pioneer in the Development and Industrial Production of Penicillin in New China

The research and development of penicillin started with difficulty before 1949 and achieved certain results. In 1951, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Weishen, as the only Chinese scientist who had been trained and worked in a penicillin research and development center in the United States for many years, overcame many difficulties and returned to China. In 1953, with the efforts of Zhang Weishen and his colleagues, China realized the industrialized production of penicillin, alleviating the urgent needs of the masses. Antibiotics has also become the first discipline to achieve major scientific and technological achievements after the founding of the New China. In the mid-1950s, the technical breakthrough in the localization of lactose substitutes marked the localization of the raw materials of the penicillin-producing culture medium, which paved the way for the industrialized production of penicillin with Chinese characteristics. Antibiotics have become one of the most widely used and affordable drugs for hundreds of millions of patients in China, and China has since ended the humiliating history of the “Sick Man of East Asia".     

儿童社区获得性肺炎血清维生素A的变化及与免疫功能相关性

目的 研究社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia,CAP)患儿血清维生素A(vitamin A,VA)水平及与免疫功能的相关性,为肺炎病情评估提供一定参考。方法 以入住新乡医学院第一附属医院PICU的63例重度社区获得性肺炎(severe community acquired pneumonia, SCAP)患儿(SCAP组)、普通儿科病区的30例轻度社区获得性肺炎(mild community acquired pneumonia, MCAP)患儿(MCAP组),以及同期体检的30名健康儿童(对照组)为研究对象,检测其血清中VA和免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)G、IgA、IgM水平,及SCAP组体内T淋巴细胞亚群(总T淋巴细胞、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8),并对SCAP组体内VA水平及以上指标的相关性进行分析。结果 3组性别和年龄差异无统计学意义;血清中VA的平均含量分别为0.36、0.25和0.19 mg/L,CAP组VA的含量较对照组明显降低,且SCAP组明显低于MCAP组(P<0.05)。根据WHO推荐的VA诊断标准,3组VA临床缺乏/亚临床缺乏率分别为10.00%、36.67%和61.90%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CAP组血清中Ig水平较对照组明显降低,且SCAP组明显低于MCAP组(P<0.05)。SCAP组血中总T淋巴细胞、CD4、CD8和CD4/CD8的平均水平分别为53.28%、30.26%、20.24%和1.59;分析VA水平与免疫相关指标关系发现VA水平与Ig(IgG、IgA、IgM)水平、总T淋巴细胞、CD4呈正相关,与CD8水平不相关。结论 肺炎患儿血清VA水平与病情严重程度及机体免疫功能相关。