降低重症患者人工气道湿化不足发生率

目的降低重症患者人工气道湿化不足发生率。方法开展品管圈活动,通过医护双方合作,优化气道管理团队,完善人工气道湿化评估方案,改良气道湿化装置,增加气道湿化途径,实行复合序贯式湿化-排痰护理管理模式等,实现了气道湿化、辅助排痰、气道廓清一体化。结果重症患者人工气道湿化不足发生率从28.57%降低至11.26%,目标达标率为100.58%,进步率为60.59%。结论通过开展品管圈活动,规范了重症患者人工气道湿化方案,降低了气道相关并发症发生率,有效改善了患者治疗结局,提升了医疗质量。     

Applicability of the one-step DVS method for the determination of amorphous amounts for further different hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs

In a former publication the authors showed that low amounts of amorphous content (LOQ of 0.5%) in a hydrophobic model API (Ciclesonide) can be measured with an individually adjusted one-step dynamic organic vapor sorption (DVS). In this investigation the applicability is tested on various APIs which differ in lipophilicity (poor water solubility) and hygroscopicity (absorption of water).The vapor sorption method proved to be applicable in almost all cases. Moisture sorption isotherms were determined for all five investigated crystalline and amorphous APIs. However, it was necessary to select the parameters individually for each API. The used solvents (water, methanol, isopropanol and methylene chloride) and the humidity-levels (0.05 p/p₀ until 0.5 p/p₀) were chosen carefully because otherwise the amorphous amounts switch to their crystalline counterparts and are not detectable. The production of fully amorphous samples (absence of crystalline material measured by DSC, mDSC and XRPD) was optimized over several trials. As successfully methods proved ball-milling, freeze-drying, spray-drying and/or quench cooling. In the next step these fully amorphous amounts were blended with crystalline starting material to calibration curves (Turbula blender, influence of electrostatic charge to homogeneity) for the calculation of amorphous content.In summary, the following presented methods were used to determine and quantify low amorphous amounts (between 1.5% and 17.0%) in jet-milled powders (grinding pressure of 8 bar, 1–3 grinding cycles), respectively.     

丁苯肽软胶囊对大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水及含钙量的影响

目的 研究丁苯肽软胶囊对大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量及含钙量的影响.方法 选取健康SD大鼠60只,按照随机数字表随机分为6组,采用4血管法造脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,给药组分别给予不同剂量的丁苯肽软胶囊和复方丹参注射液,观察丁苯肽软胶囊对大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量及含钙量的影响.结果 丁苯肽软胶囊高剂量组可降低大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量（75.60%）及含钙量（114.53 pg/g）;中剂量组降低大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量（80.03%）,降低大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含钙量（132.33 pg/g）;低剂量组对大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量（73.93）及含钙量（106.35 pg/g）有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 丁苯肽软胶囊能降低大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织含水量及含钙量,具有脑保护作用.     

复方鹿衔草胶囊临界相对湿度的测定

目的：测定复方鹿衔草胶囊临界相对湿度（CRH）。方法：采用过饱和溶液法，先测定复方鹿衔草颗粒吸湿平衡时间，再测定复方鹿仙草胶囊临界相对湿度（CRH），绘制吸湿平衡图，作为该药吸湿性的指标。结果：复方鹿衔草胶囊的临界相对湿度为55％（18℃～26℃）。     

婴儿暖箱贮水槽充水湿化对箱内细菌污染影响的研究

目的:观察暖箱贮水槽充水湿化对箱内细菌污染的影响。方法:将使用暖箱的72例早产儿随机分为观察组和对照组,比较相同条件下暖箱常规充水湿化与否对箱内物体表面和空气的细菌培养合格情况。结果:观察组的暖箱内物体表面、空气细菌培养合格率比对照组明显增高(P<0.05)。结论:暖箱不宜常规充水湿化;使用婴儿暖箱应监测箱内湿度,当湿度过低时才充水湿化。     

清瘟败毒胶囊的吸湿性研究及数据分析

目的：本实验研究清瘟败毒胶囊及其相应空胶囊的吸湿性，回归分析得到吸湿曲线方程，推测出清瘟败毒胶囊和空胶囊的临界相对湿度（CRH）。方法：测定清瘟败毒胶囊和空胶囊在四种不同相对湿度（RH）下的吸湿量，整理出清瘟败毒胶囊和空胶囊在不同RH下的吸湿曲线以及它们的CRH。结果与结论：清瘟败毒胶囊和空胶囊的CRH分别为66％和65％。     

Wound bed preparation and a brief history of TIME

Management of chronic wounds has progressed from merely assessing the status of a wound to understanding the underlying molecular and cellular abnormalities that prevent the wound from healing. The concept of wound bed preparation has simultaneously evolved to provide a systematic approach to removing these barriers to natural healing and enhancing the effects of advanced therapies. This brief review of wound bed preparation traces the development of these concepts and explains how to apply systematic wound management using the TIME acronym - tissue (non viable or deficient), infection/inflammation, moisture (imbalance) and edge (non advancing or undermined).     

In-line monitoring of granule moisture in fluidized-bed dryers using microwave resonance technology

This is the first report on in-line moisture measurement of pharmaceutical products by microwave resonance technology. In order to meet the FDA’s PAT approach, a microwave resonance sensor appropriate for pharmaceutical use was developed and implemented into two different fluidized-bed dryers. The novel sensor enables a continuous moisture measurement independent from the product density. Hence, for the first time precise real time determination of the moisture in pharmaceutical granules becomes possible. The qualification of the newly developed sensor was performed by drying placebo granules under experimental conditions and the validation using drug loaded granules under real process conditions. The results of the investigations show good correlations between water content of the granules determined by the microwave resonance sensor and both reference methods, loss on drying by infrared light exposure and Karl Fischer titration. Furthermore, a considerable time saving in the drying process was achieved through monitoring the residual water content continuously by microwave resonance technology instead of the formerly used discontinuous methods.     

影响玉米秸秆微生物降解制肥的因素浅析

试验以粉碎后的玉米秸杆为原料进行好氧微生物降解制造有机肥，通过比较不同含水率和通气条件对秸秆降解效率的影响，以及降解过程中温度，pH，微生物量的变化，总结出微生物降解玉米秸秆过程的变化规律。由试验可知，水分与通气条件均是影响发酵效果的重要因素，且制造堆肥的最佳含水率在60％－70％。     

Initial moisture content in raw material can profoundly influence high shear wet granulation process

The aim of this work is to demonstrate that uncontrolled initial moisture content in microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) can profoundly affect high shear wet granulation (HSWG) process. We show that granule tabletability is reduced by approximately 50% when initial moisture content in MCC increases from 0.9% to 10.5% while all other processing parameters remain unchanged. An important observation is that granule tableting performance deteriorates significantly when initial moisture content increases from 2.6% to 4.9%, which is considered normal variation in moisture content for typical MCC (3-5%). The deteriorated tabletability is largely caused by increased granule size. On the other hand, granule flowability improves continuously with increasing initial moisture content in MCC. The improved flowability is mainly a result of granule size enlargement. Clearly, moisture content of raw materials for a HSWG process must be carefully monitored and controlled to ensure a robust manufacturing process as required by the quality-by-design principle.