甘露醇在腰椎间盘突出症术后“反跳痛”治疗中的应用

目的：探讨甘露醇注射液在腰椎间盘突出症术后"反跳痛"治疗中的临床疗效。方法：收集2014年3月到2017年3月在我院行椎间盘镜下髓核摘除术的患者共82例，将所有患者随机分为3组，其中对照组27例，甘露醇组30例，地塞米松组25例。术前记录患者下肢痛的视觉模拟评分（VAS评分），腰椎日本骨科协会评估治疗分数（JOA评分）。术后甘露醇组使用20%甘露醇注射液125 mL静脉滴注，每8小时一次，连用一周。地塞米松组使用20 mg地塞米松磷酸钠注射液加入葡萄糖注射液，3 d后地塞米松减量为10 mg，连用一周。记录术后下肢痛的VAS评分和腰椎JOA评分，以及是否有下肢"反跳痛"及其VAS评分和持续时间。结果：3组患者手术前后VAS评分和JOA评分没有显著性差异（P>0.05）。3组患者术后下肢"反跳痛"的发生率没有显著性差异（P>0.05）。地塞米松可减少术后下肢痛的VAS评分，甘露醇无此效果，差异有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论：甘露醇不能减少术后下肢"反跳痛"的发生率，疼痛程度和持续时间。     

高渗盐水和甘露醇在动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者降低颅内压中的应用

目的比较3%高渗盐水和20%甘露醇治疗重症动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血所致颅内压增高的疗效.方法25例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者出现颅内压增高事件时, 随机交替接受等渗透剂量的160 mL 3%高渗盐水与150 mL 20%甘露醇进行降低颅内压治疗, 连续监测患者颅内压、平均动脉压、脑灌注压及中心静脉压.记录有效降低颅内压持续时间、颅内压最大降幅及其时间, 用药前及用药后1 h、3 h血钠水平及血浆渗透压.结果3%高渗盐水和20%甘露醇均可降低颅内压(均 P < 0.01), 两者的降低颅内压作用持续时间及颅内压降幅差异均无统计学意义(均 P >0.05).患者脑灌注压较用药前均上升(均 P < 0.01), 平均动脉压先上升后下降, 但差异无统计学意义( P >0.05).患者中心静脉压稍有波动, 但差异均无统计学意义(均 P >0.05).20%甘露醇治疗后患者血钠下降, 3%高渗盐水治疗后患者血钠值上升, 变化均有统计学意义(均 P < 0.05).20%甘露醇及3%高渗盐水治疗后患者血浆渗透压均先上升后下降, 变化均有统计学意义(均 P < 0.01). 结论3%高渗盐水可作为治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血所致颅内压增高患者的一线治疗药物.     

Nitric oxide donors offer protection to RBC from storage lesion

BackgroundRed blood cell (RBC), which is the most commonly transfused blood component, due to its ability to save a life in absence of any other blood components, can be stored up to maximum 6 weeks by following standard preservation procedure. During storage, RBC undergoes various biophysical and biochemical changes (commonly known as storage lesion) for which blood transfusion with “old RBC” shows a lot of clinical problems especially relevant to critically ill patients. Recent research on S-nitrosylation of haemoglobin to improve oxygen delivery of banked blood revealed the important role of nitric oxide (NO) in protecting storage lesion.Materials and methodsIn the present study, we used various “NO donating” chemicals with different NO release dynamics and chemistries in RBC storage cocktails to test the effects of NO on storage lesion. Changes in different storage markers were evaluated after 7 days storage of pre-treated RBC.ResultsAll the NO donors have shown protection against hemolysis. However, S-nitroso glutathione (GSNO) ranks first in shielding RBCs from storage lesion and additionally, it helps in elevating the value of 2, 3-di phosphoglycerate (2, 3-DPG), improving the RBC membrane fluidity and decreasing the adhesion towards endothelial monolayer.DiscussionPresent study reveals that NO released from NO donors confers protection against storage lesions of the RBC. Further, the study confirms that pre-treatment with GSNO, a NO donor and a nitrosylating agent, ensures the best protection to RBC during low temperature storage, when compared to other NO donor treatments.     

3%氯化钠溶液对老年神经外科手术患者胸腔液体含量和血钠的影响

目的观察不同剂量3%氯化钠溶液对老年神经外科手术患者胸腔液体含量(TFC)和血钠的影响。方法 120例拟行择期神经外科开颅手术的老年患者,随机均分为3%氯化钠溶液2ml/kg组(H1组)、3%氯化钠溶液4ml/kg组(H2组)、3%氯化钠溶液6ml/kg组(H3组)和甘露醇组(M组)。H组所有患者在麻醉诱导后30min内分别给予3%氯化钠溶液2、4、6ml/kg;M组给予20%甘露醇250ml;其后输入复方乳酸钠5 ml·kg-1·h-1。用无创阻抗仪监测入室时(基础值,T0)、麻醉诱导后(T1)、切开硬脑膜(T2)和术毕(T3)时的MAP、HR、CO、TFC,同时记录PaO2、PaCO2、pH、Na+、K+血气分析,观察脑膜张力、出血量、尿量、手术时间和拔管时间。结果与T0时比较,T1~T3四组患者MAP明显降低(P0.05),T1四组CO明显降低(P0.05),而T2时H3组、M组和T3时H3组CO明显升高(P0.05),T2时H3组、M组和T3时H3组TFC明显升高(P0.05)。与M组比较,T3时H3组CO明显升高(P0.05),T2时H1组、H2组TFC明显降低、而H3组TFC明显升高(P0.05)。与T0时比较,T1~T3四组PaO2明显升高(P0.05),T2四组PaCO2明显降低(P0.05),T3时H2组和H3组Na+明显升高(P0.05)。与M组比较,T2时H3组、T3时H2组和H3组Na+浓度明显升高(P0.05)。与H3组比较,H1组、H2组和M组脑张力为良的例数明显增加(P0.05)。与M组比较,H1组、H2组、H3组尿量明显减少(P0.05)。结论甘露醇和高渗盐具有很好的稳定血流动力学和降低颅内压的作用,但是高渗盐可显著增加CO、TFC和Na+浓度,对老年患者具有增加心肺功能负担的风险,应该谨慎使用。     

甘露醇联合坦索罗辛治疗输尿管下段结石的临床研究

目的探讨甘露醇联合坦索罗辛治疗输尿管下段结石的有效性和安全性。方法将168例确诊输尿管下段结石患者,随机分为4组(A、B组为C、D组的对照组):结石≤5 mm,未用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛治疗组(A组,对照组),使用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛组(C组,治疗组);结石5¹0 mm,未用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛治疗组(B组,对照组),使用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛组(D组,治疗组)。随访1周,观察结石排出率、结石排出时间、疼痛发生率、药物不良反应和其它方法介入率情况。结果(1)结石≤5 mm,治疗组的结石排出率为93.2%,显著高于对照组的73.2%(P<0.05)。结石排出时间和疼痛发生率分别为(5.20±1.32)d和22.2%,均显著低于对照组的(9.10±1.82)d和58.3%(P均<0.05)。(2)结石510 mm,未用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛治疗组(B组,对照组),使用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛组(D组,治疗组)。随访1周,观察结石排出率、结石排出时间、疼痛发生率、药物不良反应和其它方法介入率情况。结果(1)结石≤5 mm,治疗组的结石排出率为93.2%,显著高于对照组的73.2%(P<0.05)。结石排出时间和疼痛发生率分别为(5.20±1.32)d和22.2%,均显著低于对照组的(9.10±1.82)d和58.3%(P均<0.05)。(2)结石5¹0 mm,治疗组的结石排出率为38.3%,高于对照组的20.2%(P均<0.05)。结石排出时间和疼痛发生率分别为(8.10±1.57)d和38.4%,均低于对照组的(11.20±1.72)d和65.7%(P均<0.05)。(3)4组患者均未观察到明显的药物不良反应(P均>0.05)。结论甘露醇联合坦索罗辛明显促进输尿管下段结石排出,有效缓解肾绞痛的发作,是治疗输尿管下段结石安全、有效的方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Effect of some free radical scavengers on reperfusion induced arrhythmias in the isolated rat heart

The possible role of oxygen free radicals in the development of reperfusion arrhythmias was investigated using a 10-min period of coronary ligation followed by reperfusion in the isolated rat heart. Superoxide dismutase (5 to 20 u/ml) glutathione (10(-5) to 10(3)M) and ascorbic acid (10(-4) to 5 X 10(-4) M) when given before coronary ligation attenuated the development of reperfusion arrhythmias. Mannitol (2 X 10(-2)M) and catalase (100 and 300 u/ml) did not have any significant effect on reperfusion arrhythmias when given alone but they did potentiate the antiarrhythmic effect of superoxide dismutase. Glutathione, and a combination of superoxide dismutase, catalase and mannitol also reduced the incidence of reperfusion induced ventricular fibrillation when given just before reperfusion. By perfusing hearts with ferricytochrome C it was possible to show an increased reduction of ferricytochrome C during the first minute of reperfusion which could be prevented by the addition of superoxide dismutase. These results provide evidence that oxygen free radicals are produced and may be important in the genesis of reperfusion induced arrhythmias in the isolated rat heart.     

评价地塞米松和甘露醇合用对急性重症脑血管病脑保护作用的疗效

目的：分析探讨地塞米松和甘露醇合用对急性重症脑血管病脑保护作用的疗效。方法整群选取该院2011年8月-2013年8月收治的急性重症脑血管病患者88例,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组患者采用甘露醇治疗,观察组患者采用地塞米松联合甘露醇治疗。比较两组患者的颅内压(ICP),并发症和格拉斯哥昏迷(GCS)评分。结果观察组患者不同时间段ICP恢复正常例数所占比率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;两组患者治疗期间并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05;治疗后第3个月,观察组患者的GCS评分明显优于对照组,P<0.05,具有统计学意义。结论地塞米松与甘露醇合用治疗急性重症脑血管疾病,患者ICP恢复速度快,患者预后情况良好,且不会增加治疗期间的并发症,能够有效降低颅内压、保护脑细胞、减轻脑水肿,值得临床大力推广。     

Evaluation of mannitol effect in patients with acute hepatic failure and acute-on-chronic liver failure using conventional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and in-vivo proton MR spectroscopy

AIM： To evaluate the effect of an intravenous bolus of mannitol in altering brain metabolites, brain water content, brain parenchyma volume, cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） volume and clinical signs in controls and in patients with acute liver failure （ALF） and acute- on-chronic liver failure （ACLF）, by comparing changes in conventional magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy （PMRS） and diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） before and after its infusion.METHODS： Five patients each with ALF and ACLF in grade 3 or 4 hepatic encephalopathy and with clinical signs of raised intracranial pressure were studied along with five healthy volunteers. After baseline MRI, an intravenous bolus of 20% mannitol solution was given over 10 min in controls as well as in patients with ALF and ACLE Repeat MRI for the same position was acquired 30 rnin after completing the rnannitol injection. RESULTS： No statistically significant difference was observed between controls and patients with ALF and ACLF in metabolite ratios, DTI metrics and brain volume or CSF volume following 45 rain of mannitol infusion. There was no change in clinical status at the end of post-mannitol imaging. CONCLUSION： The osmotic effect of mannitol did not result in significant reduction of brain water content, alteration in metabolite ratios or any change in the clinical status of these patients during or within 45 min of mannitol infusion.     

二元线性回归分析在旋光法测定复方甘露醇注射液含量中的应用

目的:介绍二元线性回归分析在旋光法测定复方甘露醇注射液含量的两种应用方法。方法:先直接测定复方甘露醇标准溶液旋光度α1,然后以钼酸铵或硼砂为增旋剂,与适量的复方甘露醇标准溶液作用后测定旋光度αm或αp,所得数据经二元线性回归分析,求回归方程,然后根据回归方程和样品的旋光度计算出复方甘露醇注射液的含量。结果:不管是钼酸铵还是硼砂为增旋剂,旋光度与甘露醇、葡萄糖的浓度均呈良好的线性关系,钼酸铵为增旋剂回归方程的复相关系数为:r1=0.9998,rm=0.9992;硼砂为增旋剂回归方程的复相关系数为:r1=0.9998,rp=0.9989。甘露醇和葡萄糖回收率均很好。结论:上述两种方法均操作快捷、简便实用,所需的仪器普通,结果准确可靠,重复性好,表明二元线性回归分析与旋光法结合测定复方甘露醇注射液的含量有很好的应用价值,可用于成品和半成品的质控。