注射用清开灵冻干粉体外抗菌活性研究

目的：研究注射用清开灵冻干粉对临床分离致病菌的体外抗菌活性。方法：注射用清开灵冻干粉与市售清开灵注射液作比较，采用二倍稀释法，测定注射用清开灵冻干粉浓缩液对临床分离的47株致病菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）及最低杀菌浓度（憾），观察注射用清开灵冻干粉体外抗菌活性。结果：对金葡菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单孢菌、肺炎克雷伯菌，注射用清开灵冻干粉与市售清开灵注射液均显示出良好的体外抗菌活性，注射用清开灵冻干粉体外抗菌活性强于市售清开灵注射液。按药液稀释度计算，注射用清开灵冻干粉浓缩液对金葡菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单孢菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的MIC和MBC分别为市售清开灵注射液的1／4-1／2。结论：注射用清开灵冻干粉对临床分离的致病菌，具有较好的抗菌活性，且略优于市售清开灵注射液。     

妥布霉素伤用凝胶的体外抗菌作用研究

观察妥布霉素伤用凝胶的体外抗菌活性 ,为临床应用提供试验依据。采用平皿二倍稀释法测定了妥布霉素伤用凝胶对临床分离的 12 0株临床常见的革兰氏阳性及革兰氏阴性菌的体外抗菌作用。以对青霉素敏感的金葡菌、表葡菌、对庆大霉素敏感的大肠杆菌、敏感绿脓杆菌的作用为最强 ,MIC50 均为 0 2 5mg/L。妥布霉素伤用凝胶抗菌谱较广 ,对试验中的革兰氏阳性及革兰氏阴性菌均具有较强的杀灭或抑制作用 ,显示出较好的抗菌活性。     

检测六种抗肿瘤抗生素对五种耐药细菌的杀灭效果

目的:研究抗肿瘤抗生素对耐药细菌的杀灭效果。方法:选用6种抗肿瘤抗生素平阳霉素、放线菌素D、丝裂霉素、柔红霉素、多柔比星和表柔比星,用微量方法检测其对临床常见的5种耐药细菌金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓假单胞菌、粪肠球菌、阴沟肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:6种抗肿瘤抗生素对耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的杀灭作用;对其他4种耐药细菌有不同程度的杀灭作用,MIC为:4.9×10-3～2.9×10-6mol/L;MBC为:7.5×10-4～2.9×10-6mol/L。结论:6种抗肿瘤抗生素抗耐药细菌的作用依次为:丝裂霉素>柔红霉素>平阳霉素>多柔比星>放线菌素D>表柔比星。     

鱼腥草素钠(粉针剂)体外抗菌活性的初步研究

目的:测定鱼腥草钠(粉针剂)对临床常见致病菌的抗菌能力,以期评价其体外抗菌效果,为该药物粉针剂的开发和临床研究提供依据。方法:使用微量液体稀释法和琼脂稀释法测定鱼腥草素钠(粉针剂)不同条件下对临床常见致病菌最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:鱼腥草素钠(粉针剂)对革兰阴性杆菌(肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌)和真菌(白色念珠菌)抗菌效果较差,MIC>10 2 4μg/ ml。对革兰阳性球菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌及肺炎链球菌)有较好抑制作用,其MIC在6 4μg/ ml左右,不同p H值和不同菌液浓度对鱼腥草素钠(粉针剂)的抗菌效果无明显影响。结论:鱼腥草素钠(粉针剂)对革兰阳性球菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌及肺炎链球菌)有较好抑制作用,值得进一步开发和利用。     

2-Methacryloyloxyethyl N-butylcarbamate: a new co-monomer for synthesis of polyurethane hydrogels with improved mechanical properties for biomedical applications

Hydrogels with tunable hydrophilic and mechanical properties were synthesized by the free radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl N-butylcarbamate. The resulting hydrogels were investigated for their equilibrium water content, sessile drop water contact angles, gel fraction, mechanical properties and protein adsorption. Results indicated that co-polymer hydrogels have good hydrophilicity and that, with the incorporation of the 2-methacryloyloxyethyl N-butylcarbamate, mechanical properties could be improved significantly without affecting other important properties. Lysozyme and albumin adsorption experiments demonstrated that, similar to most hydrogel materials, the co-polymer hydrogels adsorb more lysozyme than albumin and that the adsorption was dependent on hydrophilicity. The control poly(HEMA) hydrogels were found to adsorb more protein than the co-polymer hydrogels; this is thought to be primarily a consequence of protein absorption rather than protein adsorption.     

Therapeutic strategies in male breast cancer: Clinical implications of chromosome 17 gene alterations and molecular subtypes

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease. To date, therapy is mainly based on studies and clinical experiences with breast cancer in women. Only little is known about molecular typing of MBC, particularly with regard to potential biological predictors for adjuvant therapy. In female breast cancer tumors with chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) duplication, HER2 and/or Topoisomerase II alpha (Topo II-α) gene alterations have been suggested to be associated with poor prognosis and increased sensitivity to anthracycline-containing regimens.In a well characterized cohort of 96 primary invasive MBC, we studied CEP17, HER2 and Topo II-α alterations by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), and expression of hormone receptors (HR), HER2 and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry to define molecular subtypes. Tumor characteristics and follow-up data were available and correlated with molecular findings.HER2 amplification and Topo II-α amplification/deletion were exceptionally rare in MBC (6.3% and 3.1%, respectively). CEP17 polysomy were found in 9.4% of tumors. HER2, Topo II-α and CEP17 gene alterations were not correlated to patients outcome. 96.9% of our cases were HR positive. Triple negative tumors were found in only 3.1% of the cases. In nodal negative tumors luminal A subtypes were significantly associated with better overall survival.Our results provide evidence for a predominant male breast cancer phenotype, characterized by HR expression and a lack of HER2/Topo II-α alterations and CEP17 duplicates. Therefore, the impact of anthracycline sensitivity linked to HER2/Topo II-α alterations as found in female breast cancer has low clinical significance for this specific male breast cancer phenotype.     

Prolonged clinical benefit from the maintenance hormone therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer

ObjectiveWe investigated the efficacy of maintenance hormone therapy (MHT), which was given to hormone positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients in non-progression status to the previous chemotherapy.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 76 MBC patients who had been treated with MHT from 2006 to 2010 at a single institute.ResultsFor the 76 patients reviewed, the median progression free survival (PFS) to MHT was 14.4 months (95% CI, 11.6–17.3). Prolonged PFS was associated with less previous palliative chemotherapy, fewer metastatic sites, and the absence of visceral metastasis in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that only the number of previous palliative chemotherapy (HR 1.73, 95% CI, 1.00–2.98; P = 0.04) remained as a significant variable. MHT was generally well tolerated.ConclusionsMHT showed considerable efficacy and tolerability in this study. Further randomized prospective study is warranted.     

加替沙星和司帕沙星的光动力抗菌研究

目的 喹诺酮作为抗菌药物在临床上具有一定的光敏毒副作用,那么喹诺酮化合物是否可以作为光敏抗菌药物应用呢？ 基于上述目的我们研究了加替沙星 (GFLX)、司帕沙星 (SPFX) 的光动力抗菌活性。方法 本文报道了 GFLX、SPFX 在 650、450 和 365nm 及白光不同光照波长及激光能量密度与暗反应条件下对耐药菌株金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA)、铜绿假单胞菌 (P. aeruginosa)、大 肠埃希菌 (E. coli) 的抗菌活性。结果 GFLX、SPFX 对 MRSA、P. aeruginosa、E. coli 暗毒性最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) ≤ 2.5μg/mL; 最低杀菌浓度 (MBC) ≤ 20μg/mL。GFLX 在 450nm 光照条件下对 MRSA、P. aeruginosa、E. coli 的 MIC 分别为 0.15、0.31 和 0.07μg/ mL;MBC 分别为 0.62、1.25 和 0.15μg/mL。相应的 SPFX 在 650nm 光照条件下抗菌活性分别为 0.31、0.31 和 0.07μg/mL;MBC 分 别为 20、5 和 0.15μg/mL。进一步研究表明 GFLX、SPFX 光动力灭菌活性及细胞毒性具有光波长及能量依赖性。结论 光照可以 一定程度上增加 GFLX 和 SPFX 的抗菌活性,但提升能力有限,在此区间其光敏毒副作用有限,这类药物不会伤及细胞,因而喹 诺酮类药物在临床上不足以作为光敏抗菌药物使用,相对安全。     

Kinetics of antibody and memory B cell responses after MMR immunization in children and young adults

The persistence of antigen-specific memory B-cells (MBCs) in children and young adults long time after vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) is not known. Here we have looked at the Swedish immunization program and examined children 1–10 years after the first MMR dose in early childhood, as well as young adults 7–18 years after the second dose of MMR. We show that Ab titers and MBCs against measles and rubella have different kinetics, indicating that the MBC pool and the corresponding Ab titers are regulated independently. These data fit well with other findings that continuous IgG secretion comes from long-lived plasma cells and not MBCs. We also demonstrate that individuals with low post-vaccination Ab titers might have an adequate MBC response. It remains to be shown if memory B-cells provide the same protection as specific antibodies, but our data is a valuable complement to the incomplete knowledge about correlates of protection after vaccination.     

黄芩素对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的:了解黄芩素对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的体外抗菌活性。方法:用美国临床实验室标准化委员会(CLSI/NCCLS)介绍的方法,检测黄芩素和万古霉素对117株临床分离的MRSA的体外抗菌活性。结果:黄芩素对MRSA的MIC_(50)、MIC_(90)和MBC分别为32.0、96.0和168.0μg/mL。结论:黄芩素为一种对MRSA敏感的抗菌药物,可用于临床治疗由MRSA感染引起的多种疾病。