正常范围内尿白蛋白/肌酐比值与2型糖尿病患者糖尿病视网膜病变的关系北大核心

目的探讨正常范围内尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)与2型糖尿病患者糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的关系。方法本研究共纳入1780例2型糖尿病患者,平均随访时间7.5年,所有患者每年由专业眼科医师进行眼底散瞳检查。根据UACR四分位数将患者分为4组:Q1组患者UACR<6.24 mg·g^(-1)(n=443);Q2组患者6.24 mg·g^(-1)≤UACR<10.21 mg·g^(-1)(n=446);Q3组患者10.21 mg·g^(-1)≤UACR<16.79 mg·g^(-1)(n=446);Q4组患者UACR≥16.79 mg·g^(-1)(n=445)。使用Cox回归分析评价正常范围内不同水平的UACR与DR发病之间的关系。结果Cox回归分析结果显示:无论在未校正还是校正模型中,随着UACR的升高,DR的发病率也随之显著升高(均为P_(趋势)<0.05)。以Q1组为对照,在未校正任何因素的情况下(模型1),Q4组发生DR的风险将升高44.3%;在校正年龄、性别、糖尿病病程、治疗方法后(模型2),Q4组发生DR的风险将升高46.9%;在模型2的基础上进一步校正体重指数、收缩压、舒张压、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血肌酐、预估肾小球滤过率(模型3),Q4组发生DR的风险将升高52.0%(均为P_(趋势)<0.05)。累积风险图显示:无论在未校正还是校正模型中,Q4组患者发生DR的累积风险一直保持最高,校正模型中Q4组患者DR发病累积风险高于Q1组,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论正常范围内的UACR的高值可能是DR发病的风险因素,当UACR达到16.79 mg·g^(-1)时,更应高度关注DR发病的可能性。     

微创治疗方法在输尿管上段结石中应用进展

输尿管上段结石为临床中常见泌尿系结石类型之一,如不能及时诊治,可引起重度积水、泌尿系感染,甚至脓毒血症,对患者肾功能、健康造成严重影响。随着微创治疗技术在泌尿系结石中应用,微创治疗方法能降低对患者造成治疗性创伤,降低相关并发症发生率,促进患者康复,了解临床中微创治疗输尿管上段结石方法,对临床中合理治疗输尿管上段结石有重要价值。     

Claudin蛋白家族在泌尿系肿瘤中的研究进展北大核心

Claudin蛋白家族是构成细胞紧密连接(tight junctions,TJs)的重要骨架蛋白,在细胞极性、上皮屏障特性、细胞运动性和细胞间的稳定性等方面发挥着关键作用。最近研究发现,Claudin蛋白家族在人类多种肿瘤中都有表达失调,起着癌基因或者抑癌基因的作用。本文综述了近年来Claudin蛋白家族在泌尿系统肿瘤(膀胱癌、前列腺癌、肾癌)中的研究进展。     

近端胃切除人工三角瓣成形抗反流术的力学机理仿真分析

目的:对食管胃结合部腺癌近端胃切除术（PG）人工三角瓣成形后残胃食糜进行流体动力学数值模拟，并计算不同性质胃内食糜的流动特征。方法:构建常规PG和人工三角瓣成形术术后胃仿真模型，运用Fluent软件对不同粘度胃内食糜反流问题进行数值模拟。结果:站立位姿态时，相对常规PG方案，人工三角瓣成形手术方案表现出较好的抗反流作用；卧位姿态时，当胃内食糜粘度大于0.145 2 Pa[?s，且胃内食糜不超过人工三角瓣情况下，人工三角瓣成形抗反流手术表现出较好的抗反流效果；人工三角瓣抗反流成形手术方案数值模拟结果与临床上患者表现一致。结论:本研究仿真分析为人工三角瓣成形抗反流手术方案的有效性机理分析、临床患者术后饮食及手术方案的进一步改进提供理论及数值依据。 【关键词】食管胃结合部腺癌；抗反流；人工三角瓣；计算流体力学     

主动脉出口血压对左心室血流特性的影响

采用Mimics对心脏进行三维重构，用3-matic进行模型优化以及模型误差分析，对左心室室壁运动做速度分布假设，基于UDF宏文件对左心室室壁运动编写程序，将血液视为非牛顿流体，采用动网格技术研究不同血压对左心室血液流动的影响。模拟发现当左心室收缩时，压力梯度明显，内部压力减小。当左心室舒张时，内部压力逐渐增高。二尖瓣口处的速率先增大后减小。血压升高，左心室内剪切应力持续增大，极易破坏红细胞结构，产生溶血现象，导致心脏功能紊乱。     

Post-nephrectomy pulmonary thromboembolism

The association of pulmonary thromboembolism with nephrectomy is well documented in malignant conditions. However, the data for incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism following nephrectomy in nonmalignant conditions remains scarce. We report the first case of an incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism following nephrectomy in a patient with a nonfunctional kidney due to multiple renal calculi.     

Anti-Oxidant,Anti-Hemolytic Effects of Crataegus aronia Leaves and Its Anti- Proliferative Effect Enhance Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line

Objective: For Arabian traditional medicine, Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L) Bosc. ex DC (Rosaceae) is widely used to treat diabetes, sexual weakness, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The anti-cancerous and anti-hemolysis effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of this plant have never been investigated before. The present study aims to evaluate the biological activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of Crataegus aronia leaves in combination with cisplatin, one of the most widely employed chemotherapeutics, on A549 human lung cancer cell line. Methods: The anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activities of leaves, fruits, seeds of C. aronia were investigated by DPPH method and MTT assay; respectively. Cell migration activity was investigated by wound healing and by cell aggregation assays. The effect of C. aronia in inducing cell cycle arrest along with activating cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blot assays, respectively. Results: Our results showed that C. aronia leaves (C. aronia L.) had the highest anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The leaves extract was potent against hemolysis of the human erythrocytes and showed elevated decrease in migration by reducing wound healing migration and by increasing cell aggregation. Finally, C. aronia L. treatment exhibited apoptotic activity on A549 cells by the down-regulation of PARP-1, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 proteins and by increasing the percentage of A549 cells in sub G0 cell cycle. Moreover, the co-treatment of C. aronia L. and cisplatin remarkably sensitised A549 cells to cisplatin. Conclusion: The results suggested that C. aronia L. could be used as a potential treatment against human lung cancer exhibiting minimal side effects on human health.