Adjunct therapies after botulinum toxin injections in spastic adults: Systematic review and SOFMER recommendations

BackgroundAdjunct therapies (ATs) may further improve outcomes after botulinum toxin injections in spastic patients, but evidence was unclear in previous systematic reviews.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological ATs in spastic adults according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and build an expert consensus-based on a Delphi process.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched up to May 2020 for reports of comparative trials of non-pharmacologic ATs after botulinum toxin injections in spastic adults. Then, 25 French experts participated in a two-round Delphi process to build recommendations on the use of ATs.ResultsWe included 32 studies (1202 participants, median 32/study) evaluating the effects of physical agents (n = 9), joint posture procedures (JPPs, n = 11), and active ATs (n = 14), mainly after stroke. The average quality of articles was good for randomised controlled trials (median [interquartile range] PEDro score = 7 [6–8]) but moderate (n = 2) or poor (n = 2) for non-randomised controlled trials (Downs & Black checklist). Meta-analysis was precluded owing to the heterogeneity of ATs, control groups and outcome measures. There is evidence for the use of JPPs except low-dose manual stretching and soft posture techniques. Continuous postures (by taping or casting) are recommended; discontinuous postures (by orthosis) may be preferred in patients with active function. Device-free or device-assisted active ATs may be beneficial in the mid-term (> 3 months after botulinum toxin injections), particularly when performed at a high-intensity (> 3 h/week) as in constraint-induced movement therapy. Self-rehabilitation remains understudied after a focal treatment, but its interest is highlighted by the experts. The use of physical agents is not recommended.ConclusionsJPPs and active ATs (device-assisted or device-free) may further improve impairments and activities after botulinum toxin injections. Further studies are needed to better define the best strategies for ATs as a function of the individual treatment goals, participation and quality of life.Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42018105856).     

主动脉出口血压对左心室血流特性的影响

采用Mimics对心脏进行三维重构，用3-matic进行模型优化以及模型误差分析，对左心室室壁运动做速度分布假设，基于UDF宏文件对左心室室壁运动编写程序，将血液视为非牛顿流体，采用动网格技术研究不同血压对左心室血液流动的影响。模拟发现当左心室收缩时，压力梯度明显，内部压力减小。当左心室舒张时，内部压力逐渐增高。二尖瓣口处的速率先增大后减小。血压升高，左心室内剪切应力持续增大，极易破坏红细胞结构，产生溶血现象，导致心脏功能紊乱。     

The Use of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in a Chinese Population to Predict Cardiovascular Events

Objective To explore associations between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) and the risk of cardiovascular events in a Chinese population, with a long-term follow-up.Methods A random sample of 2,031 participants(73.6% males, mean age = 60.4 years) was derived from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study(APAC) from 2010 to 2011. Serum Lp-PLA2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The composite endpoint was a combination of first-eve...     

保乳术后放疗中钛夹动度与乳腺大小及钛夹位置的相关性

【摘要】目的:分析保乳术后放疗患者钛夹动度，并探讨其与乳腺大小、钛夹位置的相关性。方法:随机选取保乳术后放疗患者15例，每周两次锥形束CT。测量乳腺基底面直径（D）和乳高轴（H），以瘤床质心为原点将临床靶区分4个象限。记录各象限内钛夹在左右、腹背、头脚方向动度（MLR、MAP、MSI）以及其与临床靶区最内、最前、最上的距离（DSLR、DSAP、DSSI）。结果:MLR、MAP、MSI分别为（2.2±3.0）、（-1.1±3.6）、（0.8±4.7） mm；系统误差Σ在左、右、腹、背、头、脚分别为1.7、2.2、2.0、2.4、2.9、3.0 mm，随机误差σ分别为2.4、4.0、3.2、4.0、4.7、4.7 mm；靶区对应外放5.9、8.3、7.2、8.8、10.5、10.9 mm。一象限内，当D×H<99.89 cm2，MAP和D×H强相关（r=0.805），MLR、MAP均和DSLR、DSAP、DSSI强正相关（r=0.94, 0.94, 0.91；0.87, 0.91, 0.92），MSI和DSLR、DSAP强正相关（r=0.91, 0.94）；四象限内，当D×H<90.71 cm2，MAP和DSLR，MSI和DSAP均强负相关（r=-0.96；-0.95），MLR和DSLR强正相关（r=0.91）。结论:钛夹动度有各向异性，以SI方向外扩最大，并易受乳腺大小、钛夹位置影响。     

基于心冲击信号的心率检测方法

针对现有基于心冲击描记图进行心率检测存在的抗干扰性不足问题，提出一种鲁棒的心率检测模型，首先对原始信号中受干扰的片段进行补偿重构，然后将J峰作为特征波形，通过基于J峰频段的滤波与差分增强处理放大特征，并设计改进的峰值提取算法定位心跳点，进而得到心率估计值。实验结果表明，所用模型对于不同情形下的心冲击描记图信号均表现出良好的适应性，逐拍检测平均覆盖率为98.3%，平均准确率为98.4%。心率输出结果与金标准一致性高，误差范围控制在[±]5%以内，且运算实时性好，可以为临床或家庭保健提供良好的心率检测方案。     

浅谈脑梗死的中医病因病机与中医药治疗近况

脑梗死是缺血性卒中之一,随着人口老龄化发展趋势,目前已越居我国居民致残和死亡的首要病因。中医药治疗脑梗死有着重要特色和优势,目前在医学领域中仍占着不可动摇的地位,现就针对古代医家及近现代医家对中风病中医病因病机认识,以及中医药治疗方面针对经典方、经验方、中成药、中医外治等方面进行总结综述。     

放疗计划系统DeepPlan光子放疗剂量计算的临床可行性验证

目的:评估DeepPlan放疗计划系统患者计划剂量计算的准确性和临床应用的可行性。方法:剂量算法准确性评估主要是针对YY 0775号和YY/T 0889号报告中的例题内容进行测量验证。临床病例验证是基于Pinnacle计划系统设计的前列腺肿瘤患者9例、胸部肿瘤患者13例和头颈部肿瘤患者5例，试验将各病例原计划优化的子野等信息直接导入DeepPlan进行重新剂量计算，比较不同计划系统得到的靶区和危及器官剂量分布，并用PTW VeriSoft软件对两组计算结果进行全空间剂量γ分析。结果:DeepPlan光子剂量算法通过了剂量计算准确性验证，YY 0775号报告中所有测试例题误差均在2%以内。YY/T 0889号报告中所有患者计划的γ通过率均在96.8%以上，复合野的γ通过率平均值为98.1%。在病例验证中，前列腺肿瘤病例的等中心层面2D γ通过率平均值为97.6%，3D γ通过率平均值为96.9%。胸部肿瘤病例的等中心层面2D γ通过率平均值为98.7%，3D γ通过率平均值为98.3%。头颈部肿瘤病例的中间层面2D γ通过率为98.6%，3D γ通过率平均值为98.8%。结论:通过模体实际测量和临床病例测试，验证了DeepPlan光子放疗剂量计算的准确性和临床应用的可行性。     

近端胃切除人工三角瓣成形抗反流术的力学机理仿真分析

目的:对食管胃结合部腺癌近端胃切除术（PG）人工三角瓣成形后残胃食糜进行流体动力学数值模拟，并计算不同性质胃内食糜的流动特征。方法:构建常规PG和人工三角瓣成形术术后胃仿真模型，运用Fluent软件对不同粘度胃内食糜反流问题进行数值模拟。结果:站立位姿态时，相对常规PG方案，人工三角瓣成形手术方案表现出较好的抗反流作用；卧位姿态时，当胃内食糜粘度大于0.145 2 Pa[?s，且胃内食糜不超过人工三角瓣情况下，人工三角瓣成形抗反流手术表现出较好的抗反流效果；人工三角瓣抗反流成形手术方案数值模拟结果与临床上患者表现一致。结论:本研究仿真分析为人工三角瓣成形抗反流手术方案的有效性机理分析、临床患者术后饮食及手术方案的进一步改进提供理论及数值依据。 【关键词】食管胃结合部腺癌；抗反流；人工三角瓣；计算流体力学