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1.
目的探讨胫骨高位双平面上行截骨与下行截骨治疗内翻型膝关节骨性关节炎的效果及步态分析。方法遴选出2017年1月至2019年6月因内翻型膝关节骨性关节炎住院患者32例,按手术方式分为胫骨高位双平面上行截骨组和下行截骨组,以观察两组患者的膝关节HSS评分、VAS评分、胫股角(FTA)、胫骨后倾角、InsallSalvati指数(髌骨高度)的变化,以及两组患者的步态时空参数、步态运动参数、步态运动力学参数变化。结果术后半年两组患者的HSS评分、VAS评分、胫股角、胫骨后倾角、Insall-Salvati指数组内与术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者术后半年的Insall-Salvati指数组间相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者步态时空参数包括步速、步频、步幅、步态周期比较中,术后半年组内各指标较术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者术后半年的步速、步幅组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者步态运动参数包括支撑相最大屈曲角度、支撑相最小屈曲角度、支撑相中期伸直角度、摆动相屈曲角度比较中,术后半年两组组内较术前比较各指标差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后半年组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者步态运动力学参数即内收力矩比较中,术后半年两组组内较术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后半年两组患者膝关节内收力矩组间相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胫骨高位截骨术能明显改善膝关节骨性关节炎患者步态,而胫骨高位双平面下行截骨对于保留髌骨高度更具有优势。  相似文献   
2.
《Orthopaedics and Trauma》2022,36(3):166-174
Shoulder replacement surgery has become the gold standard treatment for end-stage glenohumeral arthropathies in patients who are fit for surgical treatment. The options include anatomic total shoulder replacement, reverse total shoulder replacement and humeral hemiarthroplasty procedures. Whilst for some patients and some indications there is little debate, decision-making for older patients with osteoarthritis remains one of the hot topics in shoulder surgery. In this article we will explore the treatment options, outcomes, and controversies.  相似文献   
3.
目的:比较HyperArc、容积旋转调强(VMAT)和射波刀(CyberKnife)在单发和多发脑转移瘤(BM)放射治疗中的剂量学差异。方法:将75例脑转移瘤CT图像分成5组(1 BM、4 BM、8 BM、15 BM、20 BM),分别设计HyperArc、非共面VMAT和CyberKnife这3种不同技术(HA、nCO-VMAT、CK)的计划。分析比较3种计划的剂量学差异,包括靶区适形度指数(CI)、梯度指数(GI)、正常脑组织平均剂量(Brainmean)、机器总跳数(MU)以及出束时间。结果:在1 BM中,HA、nCO-VMAT、CK的GI值(P=0.429)和Brainmean值(P=0.799)接近;HA和nCO-VMAT的CI值接近,优于CK(P<0.001)。在4 BM中,HA、nCO-VMAT、CK的GI值(P=0.334)和Brainmean值(P=0.317)都接近;HA和nCO-VMAT的CI值接近,优于CK(P<0.001)。在8 BM中,HA和nCO-VMAT的CI值接近,优于CK(P<0.001);HA和CK的GI值接近,优于nCO-VMAT(P<0.001)。在15 BM中,HA的CI值(P<0.001)最优;CK的GI值(P<0.001)最优,HA次之,nCO-VMAT最差;CK的Brainmean值(P<0.001)最优,HA次之,nCO-VMAT最差。在20 BM中,HA的CI值(P<0.001)最优;CK的GI值(P<0.001)最优,HA次之,nCO-VMAT最差。在所有组中HA和nCO-VMAT的MU值都比CK低,CK的出束时间都远大于HA和nCO-VMAT。结论:HA、nCO-VMAT与CK技术都可以降低正常脑组织的剂量,都能取得很好的CI和GI,但HA出束时间短,CK出束时间长。  相似文献   
4.
《Orthopaedics and Trauma》2022,36(4):233-238
The application of stem cells, or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), in trauma and orthopaedics has been growing quickly in the last few decades. MSCs can be applied in tissue regeneration because of their function as a ‘site-regulated drugstore’ as described by Caplan in their release of trophic and immunomodulatory agents to aid focal tissue regeneration. This has been applied to multiple orthopaedic conditions such as osteoarthritis, focal non-unions, osteonecrosis in the femoral head, and ligamentous injuries. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current use of stem cell therapy in orthopaedics alongside the respective evidence. There is preliminary evidence that explores the use of MSCs in orthopaedic conditions which show promise and if developed successfully can positively impact patients whilst saving costs of surgery and minimizing risk. However the presence of low-quality clinical studies and a multitude of unregulated musculoskeletal stem cell therapy clinics that are not supported by the current evidence which is misleading public opinion and expectations. The development of MSCs has its challenges, such regulatory obstacles which can delay a development of a standardized method in preparing MSCs. Further studies with large patient populations and randomized control trials are required to support the use of stem cell treatment over currently available treatments.  相似文献   
5.
目的探讨关节镜下半月板成形术(AMP)对膝关节半月板损伤患者血清疼痛因子、一氧化氮(NO)、透明质酸(HA)及关节活动度的影响。方法选取2019年5月—2020年12月收治的90例膝关节半月板损伤为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和治疗组,每组45例。对照组接受保守治疗,治疗组行AMP治疗。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后的血清前列腺素E2(PGE2)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、NO、HA、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分和膝关节活动度。记录两组治疗并发症发生情况。结果治疗组疗效优良率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清PGE2、5-HT、NO、HA水平均较治疗前下降,且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后1、2、3、4周,两组VAS评分均较治疗前降低,且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组膝关节屈伸活动度均较治疗前升高,且治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论AMP对膝关节半月板损伤疗效良好,可减少疼痛因子生成,控制NO、HA水平,提高关节活动度。  相似文献   
6.
BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is increasingly prevalent in North American society. The significant societal burden it represents makes it essential to promote and target new treatments in earlier phases of the disease. Among others, subchondroplasty is a newly documented technique using calcium phosphate injection targeting the osteochondral lesions preceding KOA, also known as Bone Marrow Lesions (BMLs). This article aimed to review the existing literature on clinical and radiological outcomes of subchondroplasty in the treatment of BMLs in KOA.MethodA systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Studies on calcium phosphate injections into BMLs for KOA and its clinical and radiological outcomes were screened and reviewed by independent evaluators.ResultsAfter screening, ten articles were included, totaling 540 patients. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 7 years. Overall, the procedure showed significant functional and quality of life improvement, as well as pain relief, as shown by Patients-Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs). There were very few complications reported, the most important being leakage of calcium phosphate outside the targeted site. Conversion rate to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) ranged from 14 % to 30 % at 2 years post-procedure. Long term radiological outcomes have been poorly documented.ConclusionsSubchondroplasty is a promising avenue for the treatment of KOA. However, quality evidence is still required before any real conclusions and practical management guidelines can be drawn. Prospective, randomized studies with a control group and a rigorous assessment of long-term clinical and radiological outcomes are recommended.  相似文献   
7.
8.
PurposeTo create a nonsurgical animal model of osteoarthritis (OA) to evaluate the effects of embolotherapy during geniculate artery embolization (GAE).Materials and MethodsFluoroscopy-guided injections of 700 mg of sodium monoiodoacetate were performed into the left stifle in 6 rams. Kinematic data were collected before and after induction. At 10 weeks after induction, Subjects 1 and 4–6 underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and Subjects 1, 3, and 4–6 underwent angiography with angiographic scoring to identify regions with greatest disease severity for superselective embolization (75–250-μm microspheres). Target vessel size was measured. At 24 weeks after angiography, DCE-MR imaging, angiography, and euthanasia were performed, and bilateral stifles were harvested. Medial/lateral tibial and femoral condylar, patellar, and synovial samples were cut, preserved, decalcified, and scored using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International criteria. The stifle and synovium Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score and Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study score were determined. The volume transfer constant (Ktrans) and extracellular volume fraction (ve) were calculated from DCE-MR imaging along the lateral synovial regions of interest.ResultsThe mean gross and microscopic pathological scores were elevated at 38 and 61, respectively. Mean synovitis score was elevated at 9.2. Mean pre-embolization and postembolization angiographic scores were 5 and 3.8, respectively. Mean superior, transverse, and inferior geniculate artery diameters were 3.1 mm ± 1.21, 2.0 mm ± 0.50, and 1.6 mm ± 0.41 mm, respectively. Mean pre-embolization and postembolization cartilage and synovitis scores were elevated at 35.13 and 73.3 and 5.5 and 9.2, respectively. The Ktrans/ve values of Subjects 4, 5, and 6 were elevated at 0.049/0.38, 0.074/0.53, and 0.065/0.51, respectively. Altered gait of the hind limb was observed in all subjects after induction, with reduced joint mobility. No skin necrosis or osteonecrosis was observed.ConclusionsA nonsurgical ovine animal knee OA model was created, which allowed the collection of angiographic, histopathological, MR imaging, and kinematic data to study the effects of GAE.  相似文献   
9.
近年来,可生物降解聚合物由于其良好的生物相容性和可设计的降解时间在医学领域具有广泛的应用,尤其是在血管腔内治疗研究领域,得到了科研人员及临床医生的关注。本文综述了目前国内外可生物降解聚合物在血管支架、下腔静脉滤器及其他腔内应用的最新研究进展及应用,阐述了可生物降解聚合物目前存在的缺陷。此外,目前大多数研究仍停留在实验室阶段,上市的可应用于血管腔内的可生物降解聚合物成品仍极少。展望可生物降解聚合物的相关技术问题及未来方向,随着加工技术和材料的不断发展,可以预见可生物降解聚合物在腔内治疗的应用将更加广泛。  相似文献   
10.
目的:研究Piezo1机械敏感性离子通道对骨细胞的调控作用。方法:应用课题组研发的流体剪切力(FSS)加载装置,使用免疫荧光探究FSS对Piezo1通道在MLO-Y4中影响的最佳强度;对Piezo1使用FSS、激动剂Yoda1或阻滞剂GsMTx4进行干预。使用Western Blot探究Cleaved Caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax凋亡相关蛋白的表达量;使用Hoechst-33258以及流式细胞凋亡检测MLO-Y4骨细胞的凋亡比例。结果:免疫荧光染色结果表明FSS对MLO-Y4骨细胞中Piezo1的表达呈现先增加后降低的单峰趋势,其中以9 dyne/cm2加载30 min为最佳刺激条件。使用Yoda1抑制MLO-Y4细胞凋亡(P<0.05),使用GsMTx4促进MLO-Y4细胞凋亡(P<0.05)。Piezo1介导的FSS抑制MLO-Y4细胞凋亡(P<0.05)。结论:Piezo1机械敏感性离子通道介导的FSS在9 dyne/cm2条件下抑制MLO-Y4骨细胞凋亡,且FSS在该条件下可以有效逆转Piezo1阻滞剂GsMTx4在4 μmol/L作用0.5 h下促进MLO-Y4细胞凋亡作用。  相似文献   
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