Huayu Pill (化瘀丸) Promotes Fluorescent Doxorubicin Delivery to Tumors in Mouse Model of Lung Cancer

Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of Huayu Wan (化瘀丸, HYW) in combination of chemotherapy of tumor treatment. Methods: HYW serum was added in Lewis cells to assess its impact on fluorescent doxorubicin delivery in vitro. Then, Lewis tumor cells was implanted in C57BL/6 mice via xenograft transplantation. Tumor growth was measured and signal intensity corresponding to blood flow was assessed by laser doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI). Finally, the effect of HYW on the efficacy of doxorubicin was studied. Results: HYW can improve the transfer of fluorescent doxorubicin into cells. The blood flow signal in the tumor tissues of the HYW group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, HYW improved drug delivery of doxorubicin to tumor tissues, and this activity was associated with HYW-induced microvascular proliferation (P<0.01). Conclusions: HYW can promote microangiogenesis and increase blood supply in tumor tissues, which in turn may increase the risk of metastasis. At the same time, HYW increases drug delivery and improves the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs through vascular proliferation. Therefore, rational judgment must be exercised when considering applying HYW to an antitumor regimen.     

Interleukin-34 drives macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype in autoimmune hepatitis

BackgroundAutoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, the abnormal immunological function is the main pathogenesis. Interleukin-34 is a newly identified cytokine that shares the same receptor as colony stimulating factor-1.MethodsWe used interleukin-34 knockout and wild-type mice in a Con A-induced hepatitis model and cocultured RAW264.7 macrophage cells with interleukin-34. We then detected associated inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels to elucidate the role of interleukin-34.ResultsIn this study, we found that the loss of interleukin-34 resulted in higher sensitivity to Con A-induced hepatitis. RAW264.7 macrophage cells were able to differentiate to the M2 phenotype upon interleukin-34 stimulation.ConclusionsWe conclude that interleukin-34 may protect the liver from Con A-mediated hepatitis by driving M2 macrophage polarization and suppressing inflammation.     

唐代医学教育制度及教材

唐代不仅从中央到地方设立了医学专门教育机构,而且存在丰富多样的医学师徒相授和寺观宗教医学传播活动。医学教育类型多样,实施分科教学,呈现出多科性与专业性并存的特征;重视教学测评,与科举考试相结合,确立国家办学管理的地位。唐代医学教材建设取得显著成就,对医学教育人才培养发挥重要作用,它与医学教育制度一道对当代医学教育有一定的启示。     

Effects of Tai Chi exercise on improving walking function and posture control in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:It remains unclear whether Tai Chi is effective for walking function and posture control improvements in aged populations with knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of Tai Chi on improving walking function and posture control in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis by updating the latest trial evidence.Methods:Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, PEDro, and Cochrane library were searched up to October 1, 2020 to identify RCTs evaluating Tai Chi for improving walking function and posture control in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. The primary outcomes were walking function and posture control. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan Version 5.3 software.Results:A total of 603 participants with knee osteoarthritis in the 11 trials were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: The Tai Chi group was associated with better performance in 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), time up and go test (TUG) and “Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index” Physical Function Score than the control group ([MD: 46.67, 95% CI 36.91–56.43, P < .001]), ([MD: −0.89, 95% CI −1.16 to −0.61, P < .001]), ([MD: −11.28, 95% CI −13.33 to −9.24, P < .001]).Conclusion:This meta-analysis provided evidence from 11 RCTs that Tai Chi could be an excellent physical training strategy for improving walking function and posture control in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Assuming that Tai Chi is at least effective and safe in most areas, it can be used as an adjuvant and reliable physical training strategy for walking function upgrading and balance control improvements for older patients with knee osteoarthritis.     

竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸加减治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病分析

目的:分析竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸加减治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,AECOPD)疗效。方法:以2017年1月-2019年1月收治的AECOPD患者80例,随机分为两组,各40例。对照组采用常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸加减治疗。比较两组治疗前后肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(Forced Expiratory Volume,FEV1%)、第一秒用力呼气肺容积(Forced Expiratory Volume,FEV1)]、改良版英国医学研究委员会呼吸问卷(mMRC)、慢阻肺患者自我评估测试问卷(CAT)等评分变化以及疗效。结果:在FEV1%、FEV1等肺功能指标上,两组治疗前对比无统计学差异(P>0.05);而观察组治疗后均高于对照组,二者差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。在mMRC、CAT等评分上,两组治疗前差异对比无统计学意义(P>0.05);而观察组治疗后均低于对照组,二者差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。在治疗有效率上,对照组总体为82.5%(33/40),观察组总体为95.0%(38/40),二者差异对比存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸加减治疗AECOPD的疗效确切,即可有效改善患者肺功能和临床症状,且利于其预后康复,因此值得应用推广。     

Individual analysis of dynamic stability for twenty-four Tai Chi forms among persons with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study

BackgroundTai Chi (TC) training has been increasingly used to prevent falls. However, the underlying biomechanical mechanisms of TC training which influence fall risk remain unknown. As a result, the selection of TC forms differs among studies, leading to inconsistent results.Research questionIs dynamic stability different between the simplified 24 Yang-style TC forms among adults with knee osteoarthritis?MethodsTen participants with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis were recruited. Under one-on-one instruction by an experienced TC master, each participant learned how to correctly perform the 24-form TC movements. Participants’ full-body kinematic and kinetic data was collected during walking trials and performance of the respective TC forms. Their dynamic stability was calculated in both sagittal and frontal planes and compared between each TC form and regular walking.ResultsThe results indicate that dynamic stability in both planes significantly varies among forms. Moreover, some forms pose a greater challenge to dynamic stability in comparison to others. The most challenging TC forms are Form 8 for stability in the sagittal plane and Form 10 in the frontal plane. Among all forms, Form 1 appears to be the least challenging.SignificanceOur findings could provide foundational information to identify the best TC forms for optimizing the effectiveness of TC-based fall prevention interventions.     

孟文瑞《春脚集》学术特色

清代医家孟文瑞撰《春脚集》,共四卷,是一部综合性方剂类著作,临床实用性强。卷一至卷三以人体部位分部设篇,再按病证列方;卷四以内、外、妇、儿分设专篇选方。集历代成方、验方484首。《春脚集》将人体部位共分为十七部,方便读者按图索骥,根据病位、症状检索方剂,便于临床用药。全书选方体现了中医独具特色的“简、便、验”精髓。     

基于网络药理学探讨黄连阿胶汤治疗失眠症的作用机制

目的采用网络药理学方法寻找黄连阿胶汤的有效成分、治疗靶标。方法根据药代动力学参数筛选药物成分,通过网络药理学方法挖掘药物和疾病靶标并构建药物-靶点网络,研究黄连阿胶汤成分的作用机制。结果发现黄连阿胶汤中的氢化小檗碱、β-谷甾醇、山姜素、山柰酚、小檗浸碱、荠苎黄酮等19个成分可能通过调控5-羟色胺、多巴胺、γ氨基丁酸、阿片受体、乙酰胆碱等25个靶点作用于失眠症治疗。结论黄连阿胶汤可能主要通过多个靶点调控多种神经递质发挥对失眠症的治疗作用。     

Latin dance and Qigong/Tai Chi effects on physical activity and body composition in breast cancer survivors: A pilot study

BackgroundBreast cancer survivors (BCS), particularly Latina BCS, experience weight gain and reduced physical activity (PA) post-treatment increasing the risk for recurrence. There is a lack of evidence on the intensity and type of PA needed to engage cultural subgroups and improve clinical outcomes. This study developed and piloted two non-traditional PA interventions among a diverse sample of BCS.MethodsTwenty BCS (65% Latina; age 25–75) participated in a 2-arm parallel group-randomized pilot study to test the effects of an 8-week Latin dance and Qigong/Tai Chi intervention on PA and body composition. A seven-day pedometer protocol was used to measure steps/week and a bioelectric impedence scale was used to assess BMI and %body fat. T-tests were used to examine preliminary outcomes across both interventions and within intervention arms.ResultsThere were no significant changes in steps/week, BMI, or %body fat across or in each separate intervention. A small effect size for increase in steps/day was found among participants in the Qigong/Tai Chi arm (0.10) and low-to-moderate effect sizes for reductions in % body fat overall (0.36), and separately for participants in Latin dance (0.26) and Qigong/Tai Chi (0.46).ConclusionLatin dance and Qigong/Tai Chi are engaging and acceptable PA modalities that are promising for improving PA and body fat among diverse, high-risk BCS. Our findings highlight the need to continue to reach and engage high-risk BCS, including Latina survivors, using novel, culturally-sensitive PA interventions. Future studies should extend and more rigorously test these novel approaches to improving outcomes associated with recurrence.