特发性肺纤维化急性加重期证候与血清生物标志物的相关性研究＊

目的 通过分析特发性肺纤维化急性加重期（AE-IPF）患者证候与血清生物标志物的关系，为中医辨证治疗提供参考。方法 采用观察性研究设计，收集2019年3月至2019年11月三个中心的AE-IPF患者76例，其中痰热壅肺证26例、痰浊阻肺证50例，并纳入健康志愿者10例作为对照。采用ELISA测定患者血清CCL18、HMGB1、KL-6、MMP-7、SP-A和SP-D水平，分析与中医证候的相关性。结果 AE-IPF患者血清CCL18、HMGB1、KL-6、MMP-7、SP-A和SP-D水平均显著高于健康对照组。血清CCL18、HMGB1、KL-6、MMP-7和SP-D水平在痰热壅肺证和痰浊阻肺证患者间无显著性差异（P＞0.05），而血清SP-A水平存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）。结论 血清SP-A与AE-IPF证候存在一定的相关性，血清SP-A的浓度升高，与痰热壅肺证关系越密切，反之，血清SP-A浓度降低，则与痰浊阻肺证关系越密切。AE-IPF痰热壅肺证患者的预后可能较痰浊阻肺证患者更差。     

Efficacy of Curcumin in Combination with Intralesional Dexamethasone with Hyaluronidase in the Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of curcumin in combination with  intralesional dexamethasone with hyaluronidase in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Methods: This randomized, double blind, parallel design, clinical trial was conducted at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. Thirty-four patients with clinically diagnosed OSF were randomized into two groups (17 participants in each) with baseline treatment of intralesional dexamethasone with hyaluronidase for 6 weeks for the both. Curcumin (2gm/day) was provided to Group A (Test) and Group B (Control) received placebo. Interincisal mouth opening, tongue protrusion, cheek flexibility and visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring of burning sensation of oral mucosa was recorded at baseline, 6, 8 and 12 weeks follow-up and independent t-test was used to compare the improvements in two groups. Results: On comparing the 6 weeks and baseline values, in Group A and B the mean difference in mouth opening was 8.82±1.33 mm and 5.53±1.17 mm respectively (p<0.001), in cheek flexibility was 2.94±1.02 mm and 1.94±1.24 mm respectively (p=0.02) and in tongue protrusion was 6.23±1.48 and 3.65±1.37 mm respectively (p<0.001). The findings were consistent in the 8 weeks follow-up. In 12 weeks follow-up, on comparing with the baseline values, in Group A and B, the mean difference in mouth opening was 8.71±1.16 mm and 5.35±1.22 mm respectively (<0.001), ), in cheek flexibility was 2.81±1.01 mm and 1.76±1.35 mm respectively (p=0.02) and in tongue protrusion was 6.06±1.48 and 3.35±1.50 mm respectively (p<0.001). Both the arms showed 100% improvement in burning sensation in 6, 8 and 12 weeks follow-up. Conclusion: Curcumin in combination with intralesional dexamethasone with hyaluronidase is efficacious in the treatment of OSF.     

中医药治疗特发性肺纤维化的系统评价再评价＊

目的 对中医药治疗特发性肺纤维化（idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis， IPF）的系统评价（SRs）进行再评价。方法 检索知网、中国生物医学数据库、维普、万方、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、PubMed和EMbase数据库，纳入中医药治疗IPF的SRs，截止2021年5月。使用AMSTAR 2量表进行方法学质量评价，GRADE系统工具进行结局指标证据质量分级。结果 共纳入28篇文献，试验组除辨证论治外，治疗方法集中在活血化瘀、补肺益气等方面，基本符合治疗法则。结果显示中医药治疗IPF可以提高有效率、增加肺功能、提高PaO₂、增加6WMD、缓解临床症状、提高患者的生活质量等。AMSTAR 2量表评价，所纳入SRs均有多项关键条目不达标，整体方法学质量等级不高。采用GRADE工具进行质量分级，一共234个结局指标，无高等证据质量，整体证据等级不高。结论 中医药对比西医治疗IPF有效且不良反应不明显，但RCT研究和系统评价研究方法质量尚有缺陷，完全按照西医评价指标可能会低估真实结果，未来需要更规范的研究及适合中医的评价指标，对中医药研究的安全性方面关注还有待提高。     

Revisiting a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis – Uncertainties and considerations

There is now increased knowledge and experience of newborn screening around the world. There is also a better understanding of CF gene analysis, informed by international databases. This has resulted in a small number of children and adults having their diagnosis of CF reversed. This article illustrates this issue with three cases. It considers how best to tell children and adults with their families, and the reactions that may be encountered. It also discusses practical issues of removing the diagnosis.     

益气活血法联合西药治疗肺纤维化疗效及安全性Meta分析＊

目的 系统评价益气活血法联合西药治疗特发性肺纤维化（idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis，IPF）的疗效及安全性。方法 系统检索中国知网、维普网、万方数据库、EMbase、PubMed、Cochrane Library图书馆等数据库，检索时限从数据库建库至2021年1月，纳入益气活血法联合西药治疗特发性肺纤维化的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial，RCT），由2名研究人员独立筛选并交叉核对纳入结果，提取有效数据后，应用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 纳入16项随机对照试验共计1160例IPF患者。分析结果显示益气活血法联合西药组可提高临床总有效率（OR= 3.71，95% CI ［2.68，5.14］，P<0.00001）；改善患者肺功能：用力肺活量（MD=0.31，95% CI ［0.23，0.38］，P<0.00001）（MD=3.59，95% CI ［1.51，5.66］，P=0.0007），一氧化碳弥散量（MD=2.54，95% CI ［1.83，3.25］，P<0.00001）；提高生活质量，降低圣乔治评分：呼吸困难（MD=-12.70，95% CI ［-21.07，-4.32］，P=0.003），活动能力（MD=-8.38，95% CI ［-13.66，-3.10］，P=0.002），疾病影响（MD=-13.87，95% CI ［-22.53，-5.22］，P=0.002）；并可降低患者中医症状积分：喘息（MD=-0.66，95% CI ［-0.84，-0.49］，P<0.00001），咳嗽（MD=-0.71，95% CI ［-1.04，-0.37］，P<0.0001）；有效提高动脉血氧分压（MD=5.92，95% CI ［4.61，7.22］，P<0.00001）；且不增加不良事件发生率（OR=0.55，95% CI ［0.27，1.14］，P=0.11）。结论 益气活血法联合西药治疗IPF可提高临床治疗有效率，改善患者生活质量，且不增加临床不良事件（便秘、嗜睡、口干、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、腹泻等）发生率。但本研究纳入文献质量参差不齐，仍需更多大样本、高质量、多中心的RCT试验验证结论。     

Expression of Salivary S100A7 Levels in Stage I Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical and Laboratory Study

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by juxta-epithelial fibrosis. The main etiological agent associated with the high-risk precancerous condition is areca nut use. S100A7 is a member of the largest calcium-binding proteins exclusively found in vertebrates and are associated with the regulation of numerous intracellular and extracellular functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of protein S100A7 in salivary samples of individuals with stage I OSF and healthy controls. Methods: This study included 63 participants, 30 of whom had OSF stage I and 33 healthy controls. Nonprobability quota sampling technique was utilized for recruitment of the study participants. A structured baseline questionnaire was used to collect demographic data. Saliva samples were collected by passive droll technique in a sterile container. Salivary levels of S100A7 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For the normality of the data Shapiro Wilk test was performed. Student t-test was commuted to evaluate the expression of S100A7 protein expression between both the study groups. Results: The mean salivary S100A7 value for stage I OSF group was 0.334 ng/ml, compared to 0.172 ng/ml for healthy controls. Student t-test reported a statistically significant difference, indicating higher levels of S100A7 in stage I OSF group than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). In the individual group analysis, a significant negative correlation was found between salivary S100A7 and duration of areca nut use (r = –0.45, p = 0.009) and gutka chewing (r = –0.20, p = 0.03), while a significant positive correlation was found between salivary S100A7 and mouth opening (r = 0.03, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Higher levels of S100A7 protein level was seen in stage I OSF group in comparison to the healthy individuals. Results of our study suggest that S100A7 could be used as a surrogate assessment to identify patients at risk of OSF development.     

黄芩苷对肝星状细胞iNOS/PUMA信号通路的影响

目的研究黄芩苷通过iNOS/PUMA信号通路促进肝星状细胞凋亡的作用。方法MTT检测细胞增殖抑制率,Western Blot检测iNOS、PUMA蛋白表达,real-time PCR检测PUMA mRNA表达,一氧化氮检测试剂盒检测NO含量,iNOS抑制剂L-NAME预处理后检测细胞增殖抑制率和PUMA表达,Hoechst 33342核染色检测细胞凋亡。结果50 mM黄芩苷引起肝星状细胞活化诱导性死亡;黄芩苷促进肝星状细胞PUMA mRNA、蛋白表达;iNOS抑制剂L-NAME预处理后PUMA表达降低、细胞凋亡减少。结论黄芩苷能通过iNOS/PUMA信号通路促进肝星状细胞凋亡。     

不同制法下瘀血汤对CCl4诱导大鼠肝纤维化的影响

目的:探讨蜜丸酒煎下瘀血汤与饮片酒煎下瘀血汤抗肝纤维化作用是否存在异同。方法:40只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、蜜丸酒煎下瘀血汤组、饮片酒煎下瘀血汤组、扶正化瘀方组。以50%CCl_4皮下注射9周制备肝纤维化模型。第7周首日开始,正常组与模型组给予0.3%羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃,其余3组分别给予蜜丸酒煎下瘀血汤(0.58 g·kg~(-1)),饮片酒煎下瘀血汤(0.43 g·kg~(-1)),扶正化瘀方(2 g·kg~(-1))灌胃,第9周结束后收集肝组织和血清样本。分别采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察各组大鼠肝组织病理学,天狼猩红染色观察纤维化程度,碱水解法测定肝组织羟脯氨酸含量情况,全自动分析法检测大鼠血清肝功能,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测肝组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和Ⅰ型胶原(COL-I)mRNA的表达情况,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)和免疫组化测定肝组织α-SMA蛋白的表达,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)测定炎症因子与氧化指标。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肝肝纤维化程度较严重,肝组织天狼猩红阳性染色面积比、羟脯氨酸含量,α-SMA和COL-I蛋白及mRNA表达显著增加(P0.01),大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT),总胆红素(TBil),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素(IL)-1β,IL-17A及丙二醛(MDA)的水平显著增加(P0.01),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的水平显著降低(P0.01);与模型组比较,蜜丸酒煎下瘀血汤与饮片酒煎下瘀血汤可明显减轻肝纤维化程度,肝组织天狼猩红阳性染色面积比、羟脯氨酸含量,α-SMA和COL-I蛋白及mRNA表达,大鼠血清AST,ALT,TBil,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-17A,MDA的水平明显降低(P0.05,P0.01),SOD及GSH-Px水平明显增加(P0.05,P0.01)。其中蜜丸酒煎下瘀血汤组肝组织病理变化的改善显著优于饮片酒煎下瘀血汤,且肝组织在天狼猩红阳性染色面积比、羟脯氨酸含量、肝组织COL-I mRNA以及α-SMA mRNA和蛋白的表达降低也较饮片酒煎下瘀血汤明显(P0.05,P0.01)。血清肝功能、炎症因子及氧化相关指标2种制法下瘀血汤组间差异无统计学意义,但蜜丸酒煎下瘀血汤改善趋势更为明显。结论:蜜丸酒煎下瘀血汤与饮片酒煎下瘀血汤均具有较好的抗肝纤维化作用,其中以蜜丸酒煎下瘀血汤作用更为显著,提示制蜜丸一定程度上能够增加下瘀血汤抗肝纤维化作用。