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1.
《L'Encéphale》2020,46(1):23-29
The experiment presented is the result of a partnership between the Paris-Nanterre University (CLIPSYD laboratory, EA 4430) and the CSAPA Imagine (Simone Veil Hospital, GH Eaubonne-Montmorency). Virtual reality immersion exposure for pathological gamblers is beneficial in the context of cognitive and behavioral interventions. It can be used to evoke the desire to play and to have access to automatic thoughts and mistaken beliefs of the players when they find themselves in a gambling context. Exposure is used until the urge to play diminishes and disappears which is the process of desensitization or extinction.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate the possibilities implemented by virtual reality in the case of an exhibition for pathological gamers to create a desire to play and work with the patient in an environment identical to the ecological one. Two hypotheses were proposed. On the one hand, the virtual reality exhibition will help to change the desire to play in relation to the game. On the other hand, virtual exhibition sessions associated with cognitive restructuring will have a greater impact on the perception of reality.MethodAfter a diagnosis was made, participation in the study was offered to patients (n = 10) in routine care and able to participate (exclusion criteria). It consisted of four virtual reality exposure sessions integrated with traditional care. Exposure did not exceed 20 minutes. To carry out this study we used the virtual reality headset “Oculus Rift CV1” and the headphones measuring EEG waves, “Emotiv Epoc”. A battery of questionnaires were proposed to evaluate gambling-related behaviors (ICJP, GRCS, UPPS), to analyze the interest of the virtual reality exhibition (SIS, CGI, TEI, EVA), and to glimpse the immersion abilities (QEP and QPI).ResultsTen participants aged 25 to 60 agreed to participate in the study. The results of this study demonstrated the viability of RV gamers’ exposure as a tool that can help reduce pathological gambling symptoms and the severity perceived by therapists (CPI: t = 1.6, P = 0.001; CGI: t = 4.87, P = 0.001) between the beginning of the care and the end of the care and at D+1. We were also able to observe significant results (P < 0.05) concerning a decrease in cognitive distortions (GRCS tot, Illusion of control, Power of prediction, Favorable interpretation).ConclusionThe feasibility study shows that the desire to play is very present during the virtual reality exhibition in accordance with literature studies. The results also demonstrate the utility of virtual reality to allow the patient to elaborate on the cognitive distortions associated with the practice of pathological gambling. From a therapeutic point of view, the results suggest that virtual reality can increase the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring and increase understanding of the urge to play related to stimuli in the environment of play.  相似文献   
2.
BackgroundSit-to-stand (STS) movement is a fundamental activity in daily life. Studies have examined the effect of water depth during aquatic exercise; however, no investigation has examined the effect of water depth on STS movements.Research questionThis study examined whether changing water depth affected muscle activity and motion kinematics during the STS movement.MethodsEleven participants performed the STS movement on the ground (land) and at different water depths (1.0-m [deep] and 0.6-m [shallow]) at a self-determined pace. Lower extremity and trunk muscle activity, lower extremity joint angle, and trunk segment inclination angle were measured. Mean muscle activity during STS movement, initial and final postures, and range of motion of each angle was evaluated. Correlations of a normalised time-series pattern of electromyography and motion kinematics measures between land and shallow (land-shallow) and between land and deep (land-deep) were investigated.ResultsThe rectus femoris was more active in shallow than in deep water STS movement but less than that in land STS. Other muscles showed no significant differences between shallow and land STS movement. Correlation of the time series pattern in the tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, and erector spinae muscles was higher in the land-shallow than the land-deep STS. The trunk showed more forward inclination in the shallow STS than the land but less than the deep. Correlation of the time series pattern in the hip joint and trunk inclination angles was higher in the land-shallow STS than in the land-deep STS.SignificanceSTS exercise in the shallow water depth reduced muscle load for the knee extensor but not for other muscles. The muscle activity pattern showed a higher correlation between the land STS and shallow water than deep. Sitting posture becomes upright when the water depth decreases, but a similar motion pattern could be attained regardless of water depth.  相似文献   
3.
目的:东西审美文化的相互碰撞以及互联网时代的到来,传统的审美文化已经不能满足当代大学生的审美需求。为了了解和引导大学生树立积极的审美价值观,需要重新构建大学生审美价值观体系。方法:使用审美价值观自编问卷对197名大学生进行初测,再补充施测126人。结果:1采用主成分分析法,碎石图验证大学生审美价值观包括深邃、形式化、沉浸和高雅4个维度,各维度的α信度系数分别为0.786、0.780、0.690、0.634,;2闲暇时娱乐以网络为平台,以影视剧(77.6%)和听音乐(76.6%)为主来放松心情(87.2%)和舒缓压力(73.4%);3审美价值观存在显著性别差异,女性在深邃、沉浸、高雅维度上均显著高于男性(t=-3.084,P0.01;t=-3.893,P0.001;t=-2.540;P0.05),而男性在形式化维度上得分显著高于女性(t=2.649,P0.01);4审美价值观在高雅维度上存在显著城乡差异(t=2.027,P0.05),在深邃、形式化、沉浸上不存在城乡显著差异;5文科生、理科生在深邃因子和高雅因子上得分上均显著高于工科生(P0.05)。结论:大学生审美价值观包括深邃、形式化、沉浸、高雅4个维度。当今大学生的审美价值观受网络影响较大,审美欣赏更注重深邃性,城乡与大中城市不同专业的学生存在审美差异。  相似文献   
4.
The objective of this literature review is to determine the maternal and neonatal effects of immersion in water during childbirth. A literature review was carried out in the PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Cinahl databases. The search terms used were: “Water”, “Delivery”, “Obstetrics”, “Labour”, “Parturition”, and “water birth”. A total of 526 results published in the last 5 years were obtained, of which 13 articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies aimed to evaluate maternal and / or neonatal outcomes after immersion in water during childbirth, although some of them only focus on one of these two aspects. In conclusion, immersion in water provides a reduction in pain and in the duration of labour at maternal level. At neonatal level, no adverse effects are found in newborns.  相似文献   
5.
增强现实技术作为新兴的技术在诸多领域有所应用,且逐渐受到关注。论文关注了增强现实(AR)技术在医药高等职业教育领域的应用前景,从的两者的契合度,AR技术可能的应用方向,存在的瓶颈和问题三个方面展望了AR技术给医药高等职业教育带来的机遇和问题。AR技术必将给医药高等职业教育发展与深化改革带来技术红利和技术保障。医药高等职业院校需积极转变思路、整合资源、培养开发人才,真正使得AR技术走进课堂。  相似文献   
6.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the thermal transfer characteristics of the skin in relation to body composition as assessed by the ability of water immersion and hot and cold packs with different thicknesses of towels layers to heat or cool deep tissue. Two sets of experiments were conducted to determine the interrelationships between body fat content and muscle temperature after immersion of the limb in water or the application of hot and cold packs. In the first series of experiments, subjects immersed their lower body in water at 42, 37, 34, 27, 24 and 0 °C for 20 minutes. Muscle temperature was measured in the skin above and in the belly of the quadriceps and medial gastrocnemius muscles by a thermistor on the skin and one implanted with a 20-gauge needle 25 mm below and perpendicular to the skin. To see the effect of circulation, a series was conducted with the circulation occluded. In the second series, hot or cold packs were used with different thicknesses of towel layers. The muscle temperature after immersion in water approached that of the packs within approximately 20 minutes. In contrast, when hot and cold packs were used with various thickness or towels ranging from 2 to 10 mm in thickness, the change in muscle temperature was much less and it was still changing at the end of a 20 minute period. Subjects with high body fat changed their deep tissue temperatures much more slowly with a time constant nearly double that of the thin subjects with all modalities. Even after water immersion, if the body fat exceeded 25% of the subject's weight, 20 min of immersion was not enough to either warm the muscle or cool it down substantially. Cold packs and hot packs were very ineffective in changing muscle temperature under these same conditions. Body fat plays a major role, as did limb blood flow in controlling the movement of heat across the limb.  相似文献   
7.
Breath-hold diving, also known as free-diving, describes the practice of intentional immersion under water without an external supply of oxygen. Pulmonary hemorrhage with hemoptysis has been reported as a complication of immersion and breath-hold diving in young healthy athletes. We report the case of a 60-year-old man with a history of radiation and chemotherapy for breast carcinoma, who developed the abrupt onset of hemoptysis in the setting of swimming and breath-hold diving. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest demonstrated an area of ground glass opacification, suggestive of pulmonary hemorrhage, superimposed on a background of reticular opacities within the prior radiation field. A follow-up CT scan of the chest, obtained 2 months after presentation, demonstrated resolution of the ground glass opacification, but persistence of fibrotic features attributable to prior radiation therapy. We postulate that prior irradiation of the chest resulted in lung injury and fibrosis which, in turn, rendered the affected region of the lung susceptible to “stress failure,” due to an increase in the transcapillary pressure gradient arising from immersion and breath-hold diving. Patients with a history of lung injury resulting from chest irradiation should be cautioned about pulmonary hemorrhage and hemoptysis as a potential complication of swimming and breath-hold diving.  相似文献   
8.
目的:观察地龙蜂蜜浸液的皮肤过敏反应,探讨地龙蜂蜜浸液对浅溃疡模型大鼠血清溶菌酶的影响。方法:采用动物皮肤过敏实验、皮肤急性毒性实验进行安全性评价,将SD大鼠以随机数字表法分为6组,每组10只,设4个实验组,即完整皮肤1组,完整皮肤2组,破损皮肤1组,破损皮肤2组;另设2个对照组,即完整皮肤对照药物组、破损皮肤对照药物组;通过接种金黄色葡萄球菌液复制大鼠溃疡模型,将大鼠随机分为4组,即模型对照组、对照组、1组、2组。造模成功后连续给药7 d,于末次给药后2 h,采集样本检测血清溶菌酶含量。结果:实验连续观察14 d,各用药组对完整或破损皮肤大鼠未见任何急性中毒症状,肉眼未见分泌物,动物活动自如,饮食正常,各组大鼠体质量比较,无明显差异(P0.05),未发生过敏性反应及急性毒性反应;各用药组血清溶菌酶含量显著高于正常对照组及模型组(P0.01),对照组与1组比较,溶菌酶含量接近,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),两组溶菌酶含量显著高于其余用药组(P0.01)。结论:地龙蜂蜜浸液具有良好的皮肤用药安全性,促进溃疡愈合作用可能与提高血清溶菌酶含量有关。  相似文献   
9.
目的 研究游离锌离子在脑外伤、急性脑缺血和癫痫患者神经元中的分布,为探讨锌离子是否参与上述疾病的神经元损伤提供形态学证据. 方法 于南京军区南京总医院神经外科手术台上直接采集3例脑缺血标本、3例癫痫标本、5例脑外伤标本和5例相对正常新鲜皮层标本,应用浸入式金属自显影方法检测标本中的锌离子分布,应用HE染色观察神经元形态学变化.结果 脑外伤、急性脑缺血和癫痫患者皮层神经元内聚集了大量的锌离子,阳性反应产物主要位于含锌神经元的胞体和轴突终末,胶质细胞中未见明显着色.在正常皮层未见阳性反应产物沉积.进一步的HE染色提示这些富含锌的神经元呈明显损伤样外观. 结论 锌离子可能在脑外伤、急性脑缺血和癫痫的神经元损伤中起重要作用,参与这些疾病的病理生理过程.  相似文献   
10.
目的 探讨胸部开放伤合并海水浸泡致急性肺损伤(AlJ)早期前B细胞集落刺激因子(PBEF)水平及意义.方法 16只犬致胸部开放伤后随机(随机数字法)分成对照组(n=8,单纯胸部开放伤)和海水组(n=8,胸部开放伤后5min内经伤口灌人海水35 mL/kg),10min内闭合伤口,制成au模型.伤后0,2,4,6,8 h取动脉和静脉血,8 h取支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织标本.检测血浆及BALF中总蛋白浓度、血浆渗透压和电解质浓度;ELISA方法测血浆炎症因子IL-1β、IL-8和内皮细胞损伤标志物vWF水平,以及血浆、BALF和肺组织中PBEF水平;PBEF与血浆渗透压、炎症因子行简单相关分析.采用SPSS 10.0统计软件分析数据.结果 海水组动物血浆、BALF和肺组织中PBEF水平较对照组明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01):伤后8 h海水组PBEF水平较对照组显著升高[血浆内:(3014.16±883.47)vs.(1060.94±251.08);BALF内:(1373.35±102.53)vs.(997.77±70.31);肺组织内:(1455.22±71.74)vs.(921.43±118.13),pg/mL];血浆内PBEF水平峰值海水组出现在伤后4 h(3204.56±604.21),对照组出现在伤后6 h(1220.86±191.30),且二者峰值差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).血浆IL-1β,IL-8和vWF水平变化与PBEF一致,海水组较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).PBEF水平升高与炎症因子和血浆渗透压明显正相关(P<0.01),其相关系数分别为0.489(PBEF vs.PPI),0.549(PBEF vs.IL-1β),0.496(PBEF vs.IL-8),0.465(PBEF vs.vWf).结论 胸部开放伤合并海水浸泡致au早期PBEF水平进行性升高,与海水高渗有关.PBEF参与au炎症病理过程,可以作为胸部开放伤海水浸泡致au早期较为敏感的监测指标之一.  相似文献   
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