Intérêt du test HPV dans le dépistage primaire du cancer du col en milieu rural à Madagascar

Background

Testing for high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) is an effective approach to the prevention of cervical cancer. This study in the Atsinanana area of Madagascar aimed to compare the management of women screened by visual inspection after coloration with acetic acid (VIA) and the management of women screened by HPV with VIA as a triage test.

Impact of Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy on the Extent of Axillary Surgery for Clinically Node-Negative Breast Cancers of Triple-Negative and HER2-Overexpressing Phenotypes

BackgroundBreast cancer patients with triple-negative or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing phenotypes are recommended to receive chemotherapy for primary tumors greater than 1 cm regardless of nodal status. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may eradicate subclinical nodal metastases and reduce the extent of axillary surgery performed.Patients and MethodsA query of the National Cancer Database Participant User File was performed for new cases of female breast cancer from 2012 to 2015. Inclusion criteria were clinical N0 status, receipt of chemotherapy, and receipt of axillary surgery. Exclusions included hormone-positive/HER2-negative tumors and/or distant metastatic disease. Subjects were divided into groups by receipt of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary end point was the extent of axillary surgery, defined as sentinel lymph node biopsy alone or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Subgroup analyses were performed on the basis of tumor phenotype and surgery of the primary site.ResultsA total of 66,771 female patients were included, 15,967 of whom underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ALND rates were higher in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (30.6% vs. 28.8%, P < .001). Among tumor phenotypes, the extent of axillary surgery was reduced most significantly for hormone-negative, HER2-positive disease (30.0% vs. 25.8%, P < .001). ALND rates were more substantially reduced for patients who underwent mastectomy (41.3% vs. 36.1%, P < .001) compared to partial mastectomy (21.8% vs. 20.1%, P = .002). Adjuvant chemotherapy was an independent predictor of ALND (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.33).ConclusionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy reduces the extent of axillary surgery in clinically node-negative, nonluminal breast cancers.     

Comparing outcomes of nutrition therapy,insulin and oral anti-diabetics in managing diabetes mellitus in Pregnancy: Retrospective study and review of current guidelines

AimsThis study aims to evaluate the glycemic profile and outcomes of Indonesian diabetic pregnant mothers based on their methods of therapy and review current international as well as national guidelines on management of diabetes in pregnancy.Materials and methodsData was obtained from medical records of Hermina-Podomoro Hospital. Subjects were grouped based on therapy – nutrition therapy only, insulin and oral anti-diabetics group.ResultsForty-five subjects were obtained with an average age of 31-years. Around thirty-five percent of patients were given nutrition therapy only, 55.6% were using insulin and 8.8% were using oral anti-diabetics. Oral anti-diabetics users showed worse glycemic profile among the three groups. Six-patients suffered from IUFD with the highest proportion found in oral anti-diabetics users.ConclusionThe above results show the negative impacts of DM on pregnant mothers and the unborn. Caution is advised on the use of oral anti-diabetics as it may increase the risk of infant mortality. Increased monitoring and prenatal services for DM patients are essential in achieving blood glucose targets.     

Control oncológico en cáncer de próstata de alto riesgo tras prostatectomía radical y radioterapia de rescate en comparación con radioterapia más hormonoterapia primaria

Introduction

In patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer (HRPCa), multimodal treatment plays a fundamental role.

远程胎儿监护的临床应用

远程胎儿监护是应用互连网及计算机技术，孕妇在家中或远程监护终端将胎心监护图形传输到中央监护站，医生即可通过电脑或手机APP远程判读。对高危孕妇实行远程监护，便于及时发现胎儿宫内缺氧情况和及时处理，改善围产儿结局。     

Chemotherapy and novel therapeutics before radical prostatectomy for high-risk clinically localized prostate cancer

Although both surgery and radiation are potential curative options for men with clinically localized prostate cancer, a significant proportion of men with high-risk and locally advanced disease will demonstrate biochemical and potentially clinical progression of their disease. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy before radical prostatectomy (RP) is a logical strategy to improve treatment outcomes for men with clinically localized high-risk prostate cancer. Furthermore, delivery of chemotherapy and other systemic agents before RP affords an opportunity to explore the efficacy of these agents with pathologic end points.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, primarily with docetaxel (with or without androgen deprivation therapy), has demonstrated feasibility and safety in men undergoing RP, but no study to date has established the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapies. Other novel agents, such as those targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, clusterin, and immunomodulatory therapeutics, are currently under investigation.     

探讨高危孕妇胎盘植入的临床危险因素及MRI价值征象

目的探讨高危孕妇胎盘植入的临床危险因素及MRI价值征象。方法91例高危孕妇,年龄23~44岁、平均年龄32岁;孕周27~38.5周、平均孕周36.2周;分别分析临床资料及MRI宫内征象1)胎盘异常增厚及胎盘内T2WI低信号带;2)胎盘与肌层分界线不连续或中断;3)子宫肌层变薄及局部膨隆。最终诊断结果均经手术及病理证实。采用卡方检验比较临床高危因素及MRI宫内征象在总体胎盘植入与对照组间以及MRI宫内征象在胎盘植入组内的统计学差异。结果41/91例为胎盘植入,其中26例浅植入(胎盘粘连)、13例胎盘深植入、2例胎盘穿透,余50例阴性。临床资料剖宫产和/或流产史次数大于等于2次、前置胎盘以及上述MRI宫内征象在总体胎盘植入组间均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。其中胎盘T2WI低信号带(P=0.015)、胎盘与肌层分界线不连续或中断(P=0.007)、子宫肌层变薄(P=0.000)及局部膨隆(P=0.006)在胎盘植入组内具有统计学差异。结论剖宫产和/或流产史次数大于等于2次及前置胎盘是高危孕妇胎盘植入的临床危险因素。上述MRI宫内征象均为高危孕妇胎盘植入的价值征象。其中胎盘与肌层分界线不连续或中断,是胎盘浅植入的敏感征象。除胎盘异常增厚外,余下MRI宫内价值征象出现越多,提示胎盘植入越深,危险性越大。     

Retrospective comparison between non-treponemal and treponemal tests for screening of blood donors for syphilis and their correlation with donor history in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background and objectivesTreponemal tests provide advantage of better detection during early, late and latent stages of syphilis with equal or higher sensitivity & specificity in comparison to non-treponemal tests. The objective of the present study was to analyse the level of concordance between treponemal and non-treponemal tests for donor screening and to correlate them with donor history.Materials and methodsRetrospective analysis of syphilis screening by treponemal (Chemiluminescence & TPHA) and non-treponemal tests (RPR) was done and donor history for high-risk behaviour and factors associated with false positivity were collected from post-donation counselling and collected data was coded and analysed.ResultsAmongst the 12,000 donors screened, reactivity rate by RPR, TPHA and Chemiluminescence was 0.45%, 0.8% and 1.17% respectively. There was discordance of 62% and 32% for reactive results by RPR and TPHA respectively when compared with Chemiluminescence. History of high-risk behaviour was present in ∼ 50% and 15% of donors with discordant results by RPR and TPHA respectively. Of 34 donors who were reactive only by Chemiluminescence and were followed up, 15% had history of high-risk behaviour and 56% had factors associated with false reactivity.ConclusionTreponemal tests showed high syphilis reactivity amongst blood donors as compared to non-treponemal tests most likely due to their ability to detect early, late and latent syphilis cases. This may confer added transfusion safety in centres dependent on replacement donors without NAT testing by identifying donors with high-risk history with negligible increase in discard rate due to false reactivity.