柴芍六君子汤治疗消化性溃疡的随机平行对照研究

目的:观察柴芍六君子汤治疗消化性溃疡的临床症状改善、胃镜疗效、组织学炎症改善等方面的疗效。方法:采用随机平行对照方法对经胃镜检查确诊为消化性溃疡患者进行分析,对照组给予埃索美拉唑治疗,治疗组在上述治疗的基础上予柴芍六君子汤,疗程6周。结果:两组临床总有效率、血清胃泌素(Gas)比较均有统计学意义。结论:柴芍六君子汤治疗消化性溃疡能够发挥协同作用、增强疗效,降低不良反应,值得推广。     

Helicobacter pylori and colorectal neoplasia: Is there a causal link?

Ever since Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) was recognized as an infectious cause of gastric cancer, there has been increasing interest in examining its potential role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Data from casecontrol and cross-sectional studies, mostly relying on hospital-based samples, and several meta-analyses have shown a positive statistical relationship between H. pylori infection and colorectal neoplasia. However, the possibility exists that the results have been influenced by bias, including the improper selection of patients and disparities with respect to potential confounders. While the evidence falls short of a definitive causal link, it appears that infection with H. pylori /H. pylori-related gastritis is associated with an increased, although modest, risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for this association remain uncertain. H. pylori has been detected in colorectal malignant tissues; however, the possibility that H. pylori is a direct activator of colonic carcinogenesis remains purely hypothetical. On the other hand, experimental data have indicated a series of potential oncogenic interactions between these bacteria and colorectal mucosa, including induction and perpetuation of inflammatory responses, alteration of gut microflora and release of toxins and/or hormonal mediators, such as gastrin, which may contribute to tumor formation.     

消化性溃疡,胃癌患者胃窦粘膜中胃肠激素含量变化及其意义

研究了胃十二指肠疾病患者胃窦粘膜胃泌素（Ｇａｓ）、生长抑素（ＳＳ）、Ｐ－物质（ＳＰ）的含量变化及其意义。结果表明：胃窦粘膜ＳＳ含量在胃溃疡组低于其余各组（Ｐ均〈０．０５），而在胃癌时则显著增高（Ｐ〈０．００１）；ＳＰ浓度在十二指肠溃疡组显著低于其余各组（Ｐ均〈０．０５）；胃癌患者Ｇａｓ水平显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；ＳＳ与ＳＰ在十二指肠溃时呈明显负相关。提示：胃粘膜中Ｇａｓ、ＳＳ、ＳＰ的含量变     

腹腔镜下胃穿孔修补术对老年胃穿孔患者氧化应激及胃泌素水平的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨腹腔镜下胃穿孔修补术对老年胃穿孔患者氧化应激及胃泌素水平的影响。方法 选取2019年8月至2020年12月淮滨县人民医院收治的75例老年胃穿孔患者作为研究对象,根据不同治疗方法将其分为腹腔镜组(40例) 和开腹组 (35例), 腹腔镜组患者采用腹腔镜下胃穿孔修补术治疗,开腹组患者采用开腹胃穿孔修补术治疗, 对比观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间及 氧化应激水平、胃泌素水平与疼痛程度变化情况。结果 腹腔镜组患者手术时间明显长于开腹组,术中出血量明显少于开腹组,肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间均明显短于开腹组(t = 5.628、5.655、5.474、5.177、7.267,P 均 < 0.001）;术后1、24 h,腹腔镜组患者丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平均明显低于开腹组(术后1 h: t=4.037、2.974,P<0.001、P=0.004;术后24 h:t=5.721、2.950,P < 0.001、P = 0.004）;术后 1、24、48、72 h,腹腔镜组患者胃泌素水平均明显高于开腹组 ( t = 2.897、2.703、3.583、3.393,P = 0.005、P = 0.009、P <0.001、P <0.001）;术后 1、3 d, 腹腔镜组患者视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均明显低于开腹组 (t = 2.437、2.686,P = 0.017、0.009）。结论 采用腹腔镜下胃穿孔修补术治疗老年胃穿孔, 可降低患者术后机体氧化应激反应, 提高胃泌素水平, 减轻疼痛, 缩短住院时间, 临床应用价值较高。     

The Effects of Capsaicin on Gastrin Secretion in Isolated Human Antral Glands: Before and After Ingestion of Red Chilli

Background Capsaicin is known to have regulatory effects on gastrointestinal functions via the vanilloid receptor (VR1). We reported previously that endocrine-like cells in the human antrum express VR1. Aim To identify VR1-expressing endocrine-like cells in human antral glands and to examine whether stimulation with capsaicin causes release of gastrin, somatostatin, and serotonin. Further, to investigate the effects of a chilli-rich diet. Methods Gastroscopic biopsies were received from 11 volunteers. Seven of the 11 subjects agreed to donor gastric biopsies a second time after a 3-week chilli-rich diet containing 1.4–4.2 mg capsaicin/day. VR1-immunoreactive cells were identified by double-staining immunohistochemistry against gastrin, somatostatin, and serotonin. For the stimulation studies, we used an in vitro method where antral glands in suspension were stimulated with 0.01 mM capsaicin and physiological buffer was added to the control vials. The concentrations of secreted hormones were detected and calculated with radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results The light microscopic examination revealed that VR1 was localized in gastrin cells. The secretory studies showed an increase in release of gastrin and somatostatin compared to the control vials (P = 0.003; P = 0.013). Capsaicin-stimulation caused a consistent raise of the gastrin concentrations in the gland preparations from all subjects. A chilli-rich diet had an inhibitory effect on gastrin release upon stimulation compared to the results that were obtained before the start of the diet. Conclusion This study shows that capsaicin stimulates gastrin secretion from isolated human antral glands, and that a chilli-rich diet decreases this secretion.     

高良姜不同提取部位对实验性胃溃疡的影响及作用机理研究

目的:筛选高良姜抗胃溃疡有效部位,探讨抗溃疡作用机理。方法:将高良姜提取分离为不同部位,观察各部位对无水乙醇、阿司匹林诱导的小鼠胃溃疡模型溃疡指数、胃组织病理切片、血浆胃泌素(GAS)、白介素1(IL-1)、环氧酶2(COX-2)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)的影响。结果:与模型组小鼠比较,高良姜水提物、80%乙醇洗脱物可以显著减少胃溃疡模型小鼠的胃溃疡指数,显著降低血浆GAS、IL-1、TNF-α浓度,显著升高血浆COX-2、PGE2浓度,30%乙醇洗脱物、95%乙醇洗脱物对溃疡指数无显著影响,但可调节血浆GAS、IL-1、PGE2浓度。结论:高良姜各提取分离部位中水提物、80%乙醇洗脱物具有较好的抗胃溃疡效果,抗溃疡作用可能通过减少血浆GAS、IL-1、TNF-α浓度,提高血浆COX-2、PGE2浓度产生。     

Effect of proton pump inhibitors on glycemic control in patients with diabetes

Gastrin is a linear peptide hormone which is secreted mostly in the stomach pyloric antrum G cells. Although the main role of this hormone is the promotion of the secretion of gastric acid from the stomach parietal cells, gastrin can also behave as a growth factor and stimulate gastric cell proliferation. It is also reported that gastrin promotes β cell neogenesis in the pancreatic ductal complex, modest pancreatic β cell replication, and improvement of glucose tolerance in animal models, in which the remodeling of pancreatic tissues is promoted. These findings suggest the possibility that gastrin has the potential to promote an increase of β cell mass in pancreas, and therefore that gastrin may improve glucose tolerance. Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) are wildly used clinically for the therapy of gastro-esophageal reflex disease, gastritis due to excess stomach acid, and gastric ulcers. PPIs indirectly elevate serum gastrin levels via a negative feedback effect. Recent evidence has revealed the beneficial effect of PPIs on glycemic control especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), probably via the elevation of the levels of serum gastrin, although the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In addition, the beneficial effects of a combination therapy of gastrin or a PPI with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist on glycemic control in animal models have been demonstrated. Although PPIs may be possible candidates for a new approach in the therapy of diabetes, a prospective, longterm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is needed to establish the effect of PPIs on glycemic control in a large number of patients with T2 DM.     

Helicobacter pylori infection,gastrin and cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric carcinogenesis

Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms and a main cause of death worldwide, especially in China and Japan. Numerous epidemiological, animal and experimental studies support a positive association between chronic Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infec-tion and the development of gastric cancer. However, the exact mechanism whereby H. pylori causes gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. It has been demon-strated that expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is elevated in gastric carcinomas and in their precursor le-sions. In this review, we present the latest clinical and experimental evidence showing the role of gastrin and COX-2 in H. pylori-infected patients and their possible association with gastric cancer risk.     

Radioimmunoassay of Gastrin: Specificity of Gastrin Antisera

Antisera for use in a gastrin radioimmunoassay have been prepared in two ways and their specificity compared. Antibodies to porcine antral gastrin were found to be specific for the N-terminal portion of the molecule; there was no cross-reaction with pentagastrin or pancreozymin. Antibodies to the C-terminal gastrin tetrapeptide, however, cross-reacted with pentagastrin and pancreozymin on an equimolar basis. Neither antiserum cross-reacted with secretin, insulin, or glucagon. The gastrin-specific antiserum can be used in a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for gastrin.     

Presence of Gastric Autoantibodies Impairs Gastric Secretory Function in Patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive Duodenal Ulcer

Background: Although the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric autoimmunity is now well established, to date little is known about the significance of anticanalicular autoantibodies in patients with duodenal ulcer (DU). We therefore investigated the prevalence of serum antiparietal cell autoreactivity in DU patients as well as the relationship between these autoantibodies, gastric histopathology and gastric secretory function in this setting. Methods: Forty-one consecutive patients with H. pylori-positive DU were initially recruited. In all patients, basal (BAO) and pentagastrin stimulated acid output (PAO), fasting and meal-induced serum gastrin levels, as well as serum pepsinogen I concentrations, were measured. Antral and body gastritis was evaluated according to the Sydney system. Serum anticanalicular autoreactivity was determined by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Results: Serum anticanalicular autoantibodies were found in 7 out of 34 patients (20%). The presence of these antibodies was associated with a significantly higher grade of body gastritis (activity: 1.9 versus 0.9) as well as with significantly higher fasting and meal stimulated gastrin levels (mean fasting gastrin, 76.4 (15.2) pg/ml versus 59.3 (20.5) pg/ml). In addition, PAO values were significantly lower in patients with gastric autoantibodies than in those without this autoreactivity (mean 0.35 (0.16) mmol kg^-1 h^-1 versus 0.49 (0.16) mmol kg^-1 h^-1). In contrast, no significant differences were found between patients with and without anticanalicular autoantibodies as regards fasting serum pepsinogen I concentrations. Conclusions: Serum anticanalicular autoantibodies can be detected in 20% of patients with DU and are associated with a more severe pattern of body gastritis, higher gastrin levels and decreased peak acid secretion values. Their presence could account for the normal or reduced acid output which can be seen in a subset of DU patients.