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Trophic factors show great promise in laboratory studies as potential therapies for PD. However, multiple double‐blind, clinical trials have failed to show benefits in comparison to a placebo control. This article will review the scientific rationale for testing trophic factors in PD, the results of the different clinical trials that have been performed to date, and the possible explanations for these failed outcomes. We will also consider future directions and the likelihood that trophic factors will become a viable therapy for patients with PD. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society  相似文献   
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BackgroundNeurotrophins, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have gained significant therapeutic interest particularly in neurologic and psychiatric disorders and they have been found in human breast milk of mothers who suffered from adverse outcomes in pregnancy. This study tested the hypothesis that oral administration of BDNF/GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) can exert a biological effect in a rat model of severe neuropathology induced by olfactory bulbectomy (OBX), which exhibits dysregulation of BDNF signaling and impaired blood-brain barrier.MethodsAdult male albino Sprague-Dawley rats underwent the OBX surgery and separate groups of OBX and sham-operated controls received one oral dose of vehicle, BDNF (0.005 mg/kg), GDNF (0.03 mg/kg) or their combination. One week after neurotrophin dosing the rats were sacrificed and BDNF level was assessed by ELISA in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid.ResultsA significant decrease of serum BDNF level was found in the OBX model. This alteration was normalized by all types of treatment BDNF, GDNF, or their combination. No influence of sham surgery or treatment was observed in the control rats. BDNF levels in cerebrospinal fluid were below detection limit.ConclusionThis study indicates that oral administration of neurotrophins is able to exert a biological effect in the OBX model. There is a number of potential mechanisms, which remain to be elucidated.  相似文献   
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神经营养因子能够调节神经元的生长,并维护神经元可塑性,神经营养因子的缺乏能够导致神经细胞的易损性增加甚至凋亡,本文就目前关于神经营养因子‐3和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子在抑郁症发病过程中的作用进行了讨论,以期为抑郁症的基础研究和临床诊断及治疗提供思路。  相似文献   
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To date, most studies of Shc family of signaling adaptor proteins have been focused on the near-ubiquitously expressed ShcA, indicating its relevance to age-related diseases and longevity. Although the role of the neuronal ShcC protein is much less investigated, accumulated evidence suggests its importance for neuroprotection against such aging-associated conditions as brain ischemia and oxidative stress. Here, we summarize more than decade of studies on the ShcC expression and function in normal brain, age-related brain pathologies and immune disorders with a focus on the interactions of ShcC with signaling proteins/pathways, and the possible implications of these interactions for changes associated with aging.  相似文献   
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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains a deadly disease, affecting about 40,000 individuals in the United States annually. We aimed to characterize the role of RET as a co-driver of pancreas tumorigenesis. To assess the role of RET as a co-driver of PDA, we generated a novel triple mutant transgenic mouse based on the cre-activated p53R172H gene and a constitutively active RET M919T mutant (PRC). Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Study of human PDA specimens and Pdx-1-Cre/KrasG12D /p53R172H (KPC) mice revealed that RET is upregulated during pancreas tumorigenesis, from inception through precursor lesions, to invasive cancer. We demonstrated that activation of RET is capable of inducing invasive pancreatic carcinomas in the background of the P53 inactivation mutation. Compared to KPC mice, PRC animals had distinct phenotypes, including longer latency to tumor progression, longer survival, and the presence of multiple macrometastases. Enhanced activation of the MAPK pathway was observed as early as the PanIN 2 stage. Sequencing of the exonic regions of KRAS in PRC-derived PDA cells revealed no evidence of KRAS mutations. RET can be an essential co-driver of pancreatic tumorigenesis in conjugation with KRAS activity. These data suggest that RET may be a potential target in the treatment of PDA.  相似文献   
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目的观察改良Tet-On系统修饰慢病毒(Lv-TH-GDNF)目的基因的表达调控及纹状体内直接转移对帕金森病(PD)大鼠的作用。方法 1用Lv-TH-GDNF与rt TA2s-M2病毒感染He La细胞,免疫印迹法检测强力霉素(Dox)对TH、GDNF基因表达的调控。2用Lv-TH-GDNF与rt TA2sM2病毒共同注射到PD大鼠患侧纹状体,Dox诱导目的基因表达。通过观察阿扑吗啡(APO)诱导旋转行为、黑质多巴胺能神经元数量、患侧纹状体DA、DOPAC含量评估Lv-THGDNF治疗效应;通过移植侧纹状体内TH与GDNF蛋白量评估外源基因在体内的表达。结果 1在体外He La细胞实验,仅Dox阳性组见TH、GDNF蛋白条带。2在动物体内实验,病毒移植4周后,与PBS对照组相比,仅病毒+Dox组大鼠旋转行为明显改善(P<0.01),损伤侧黑质致密部TH阳性细胞数、纹状体DA、DOPAC含量及TH和GDNF蛋白量明显增高(P<0.01)。结论新型Tet-On系统修饰的Lv-THGDNF目的基因表达受四环素类抗生素调控,在体外实验未见基础活动,且纹状体内直接转移对PD大鼠有一定治疗作用。  相似文献   
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Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mediated by alterations of growth factors. Members of the neuropoietic cytokine family, which include IL-6, LIF, and CNTF among others, have been shown to be important regulators of peripheral nerves and the muscles that they innervate. To investigate their potential role in diabetic nerve and muscle, we studied the expression of the shared receptor subunits, LIFR and gp130 in a mouse model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The results of Western blotting and densitometric analysis showed that both LIFR and gp130 protein expression were increased in diabetic sciatic nerve compared to control mice at early time points following STZ injection. In diabetic gastrocnemius muscle, LIFR and gp130 were increased from 3 days to 24 weeks following STZ injection. In contrast, both LIFR and gp130 protein expression were decreased in diabetic soleus muscle at 3-days post-injection. Our results suggest that hyperglycemia results in changes to nerve and muscle soon after the onset of diabetes and that cytokines may play a role in this process.  相似文献   
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