Motivational interviewing for maternal Immunizations: Intervention development

Background and ObjectiveVaccine uptake during pregnancy remains low. Our objectives were to describe 1) development and adaptation of a clinician communication training intervention for maternal immunizations and 2) obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) clinician and staff perspectives on the intervention and fit for the prenatal care context.MethodsDesign of the Motivational Interviewing for Maternal Immunizations (MI4MI) intervention was based on similar communication training interventions for pediatric settings and included presumptive initiation of vaccine recommendations (“You’re due for two vaccines today”) combined with motivational interviewing (MI) for hesitant patients. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with ob-gyn clinicians and staff in five Colorado clinics including settings with obstetric physicians, certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and clinician-trainees. Participants were asked about adapting training to the ob-gyn setting and their implementation experiences. Feedback was incorporated through iterative changes to training components.ResultsInterview and focus group discussion results from participants before (n = 3), during (n = 11) and after (n = 25) implementation guided intervention development and adaptation. Three virtual, asynchronous training components were created: a video and two interactive modules. This virtual format was favored due to challenges attending group meetings; however, participants noted opportunities to practice skills through role-play were lacking. Training modules were adapted to include common challenging vaccine conversations and live-action videos. Participants liked interactive training components and use of adult learning strategies. Some participants initially resisted the presumptive approach but later found it useful after applying it in their practices. Overall, participants reported that MI4MI training fit well with the prenatal context and recommended more inclusion of non-clinician staff.ConclusionsMI4MI training was viewed as relevant and useful for ob-gyn clinicians and staff. Suggestions included making training more interactive, and including more complex scenarios and non-clinician staff.     

基于网络药理学探讨搜风愈喘方拆方“祛宿痰方”调控儿童哮喘的作用机制＊

目的 基于“伏风暗瘀宿痰”小儿哮喘病机新说，采用网络药理学及实验验证的方法，探索搜风愈喘方拆方“祛宿痰方”治疗儿童哮喘的作用机制，验证中医“宿痰”病机与西医细胞外基质改变病理之间的交通性。方法 通过TCMSP数据库建立“祛宿痰方”的有效成分和靶点数据集，利用OMIM、GeneCards、DrugBank、TTD疾病数据库建立哮喘疾病靶点数据集，利用Cytoscape软件取交集并构建“祛宿痰方”与哮喘的蛋白质互作网络，筛选关键靶点蛋白。利用Metascape数据库进行基因本体（Gene ontology，GO）分析以及京都基因和基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）富集分析。复制卵蛋白（OVA）诱导的哮喘大鼠模型，对核心通路及关键靶点进行实验验证。结果 共得到“祛宿痰方”治疗哮喘的靶点98个，包括IL-13、TP53、TGF-β1、VEGF-A、MMP9等，KEGG得到与哮喘相关的通路287条（P＜0.05），包括NF-κB信号通路、PI3K-AKT信号通路、IL-17信号通路等。GO结果显示与哮喘相关生物进程包括炎症反应、细胞外基质调控、氧化应激、血管生成等。动物实验证实“祛宿痰方”可下调大鼠肺组织中p-NF-κB-P65磷酸化水平，抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活，降低IL-13、TGF-β1 mRNA表达量（P<0.05），减少哮喘大鼠肺组织中炎症细胞浸润、黏液产生，从而延缓哮喘的进程。结论 “祛宿痰方”可抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活，降低肺组织中IL-13、TGF-β1 mRNA表达量，可能通过抑制炎症反应、调控细胞外基质等途径作用于哮喘，中医“宿痰”病机与西医细胞外基质改变病理之间存在一定的的交通性。     

Vivência Negra: Black Lesbians Affective Experiences in Brazilian Gynecology

ABSTRACT

In Salvador-Bahia, many Black lesbians are deeply concerned about how gynecologists dismiss or demean their sexuality, which often leads to prolonged lapses in gynecological care. Black lesbians who identify as virgins in particular are confronted with challenges that reveal entrenched normativity within the gynecological clinic. In this article, I examine Black lesbian virginity as a site of vivência Negra (Black woman’s existence or lived experience) during the gynecological encounter. In response to such encounters, Black lesbians assess their inhumane treatment by way of anti-racist knowledge production. The resulting anti-racist evaluations serve to identify and decenter white heteronormativity in gynecology.     

三伏贴联合伏针闪罐治疗支气管哮喘的临床观察

目的采用三伏贴联合伏针闪罐治疗支气管哮喘,观察该治疗方法对支气管哮喘患者的临床疗效。方法选择秦皇岛市中医医院针灸科2016年9月至2019年9月三伏期间收治的符合诊断及纳入标准的120例支气管哮喘患者,按照随机数字表法随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组60例,治疗组采用三伏贴联合伏针闪罐疗法,对照组单用三伏贴疗法。三伏期间初伏、中伏和末伏各贴敷1次,共贴敷9次,3年为1个疗程。1个疗程后,采用χ^2检验比较2组总有效率。结果治疗组治愈27例,好转31例,无效2例,治愈率45. 0%(27/60),总有效率96. 6%(58/60);对照组治愈14例,好转37例,无效9例,治愈率23. 3%(14/60),总有效率85. 5%(51/60)。治疗组治愈率和总有效率均高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(χ^2=6. 261、4. 904,P均<0. 05)。结论三伏贴联合伏针闪罐治疗支气管哮喘疗效优于单纯三伏贴治疗,充分发挥中医特色优势,值得在临床上推广应用。     

从《傅青主女科》探析全面二孩政策下“肝郁不孕”的影响

随着国家二孩政策的全面放开,有相当一部分女性在备孕二孩时面临着不孕的困扰,其中心理因素影响所占的比例日益增高。本文从《傅青主女科 种子门》关于不孕的论述入手,分析了肝郁不孕的机理,强调临证治疗中注重疏肝解郁,及必要的心理疏导治疗,从而提高二孩妊娠率。     

养精种玉汤的现代研究进展

养精种玉汤临床多用于治疗各种不孕症、多囊卵巢综合征、月经过少、闭经溢乳综合征、体外受精-胚胎移植等疾病,疗效确切。但是记载养精种玉汤的古代文献资料较少,现代研究大部分是临床试验和基础实验研究,且存在一些不足:①有些临床试验缺乏中医辨证,治疗疾病未辨证而直接辨病论治;②缺少治疗后随访及远期疗效评价,对妊娠结局的随访亦未予以特定的描述,不便于对研究结果做进一步分析;③相关研究中应完善血清激素水平指标的监测,以增加研究结果的说服力;④大部分研究样本量偏少,影响统计学结果,降低了结果的可靠性;⑤该方的安全性研究仅仅停留在动物实验阶段。因此,今后的研究应以辨证论治为基础,增加样本量,完善相关激素水平的检测,关注随访结果,为临床用药安全性提供更可靠的依据。     

妇产科住院医师临床技能培训体系构建

妇产科学是一门涉及面广、实践性和操作性均很强的学科,对医生临床操作能力的要求也格外严格。妇产科住院医师临床技能操作水平的高低是评价其岗位胜任力的重要指标,开展全面、规范的临床技能培训,有利于切实提高其临床操作能力,是培养合格妇产科专科医师的必经途径。研究以南京医科大学附属妇产医院为例,讲述了该院从目标体系、过程管理体系、考核评价体系和质量控制体系4个方面出发,探索构建适合专科医院特色的妇产科住院医师临床技能培训体系,并在实践过程中不断完善该体系,以期不断提升妇产科住院医师的临床工作能力,有效增强其岗位胜任力和综合素质。     

浮针疗法治疗肩周炎的理论及临床研究进展

通过分析浮针疗法治疗肩周炎的中西医理论研究,归纳整理近年来浮针及其配合其他疗法治疗肩周炎的临床研究,证实浮针治疗肩周炎临床疗效显著,至今未出现明显副作用,具有操作简单且安全、痛苦小、患者依从性高等优势。并对目前浮针疗法治疗肩周炎研究中存在的问题进行思考,提出今后的研究思路及方法,旨在总结并更好地指导临床与科研,为临床上应用浮针疗法治疗肩周炎提供更可靠的理论依据。     

自我护理理论在预防妇产科术后疼痛中的效果

目的探究自我护理理论在预防妇产科术后疼痛中的效果。方法选取我院2018年1月-2019年2月期间治疗的妇产科手术患者130例,其中65例采用常规护理,为对照组;另外65例在护理中应用自我护理理论,为观察组。比较分析两组患者的术后疼痛(VAS)、术后住院时间、护理满意度和并发症发生率。结果观察组术后VAS评分(2.13±0.65)分和术后并发症发生率(4.62%)低于对照组[(3.52±0.74)分,(15.38%)],其住院时间(6.48±1.82)d短于对照组(8.75±2.11)d,护理满意度评分(92.34±4.33)分高于对照组(84.26±6.17)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对妇产科手术患者实施自我护理理论能够减轻患者术后疼痛,降低并发症发生率,缩短住院时间,提高护理满意度。