直肠印戒细胞癌和粘液腺癌临床病理分析

目的：比较研究直肠印戒细胞癌和粘液腺癌临床和病理学特点的差异。方法：回顾性地对比分折20例直肠印戒细胞癌和同期79例直肠粘液腺癌的临床和病理学特点。结果：直肠印戒细胞癌组的一年生存率65．0％，三年生存率30．0％，五年生存率5．0％。黏液腺癌组一年生存率84．8％，三年生存率58．2％，五年生存率38．0％。两在显微镜下黏液分布不同，肉眼所见大体标本相差甚远。结论：直肠印戒细胞癌较直肠粘液腺癌的诊断困难，恶性度高，预后差，临床上应对二区别对待，术中冰冻切片有助于提高病理诊断准确率，从而指导手术。     

血小板活化因子、癌胚抗原、糖类抗原724在结直肠癌中的表达及与临床病理特征的关系

目的:探讨血小板活化因子(PAF)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原724(CA-724)在结直肠癌(CRC)患者术前血清中的阳性表达率及与临床病理特征的关系、发病的独立危险因素。方法:选取2019年12月至2021年10月于包头医学院第一附属医院就诊的CRC患者75例为CRC组,另选取同时期在本院体检的健康志愿者75例为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法分别检测CRC患者术前及对照组的晨空腹外周静脉血PAF含量;回顾性分析上述入组患者术前血清CEA、CA-724含量,进行统计分析。结果:(1)CRC组PAF、CEA、CA-724单独检测和联合检测的阳性率分别为25.33%、42.67%、30.67%、74.67%,均高于对照组,且联合检测的阳性率均高于单独检测指标的阳性率,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)单因素方差分析结果显示,血清CEA表达水平的影响因素为患者的淋巴结转移(P<0.05);血清CA-724表达水平的影响因素为患者的年龄(P<0.05);(3)二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,PAF表达在临床病理特征之间的差异无统计学意义(P&...     

The inversion effect on gaze perception reflects processing of component information

When faces are turned upside-down they are much more difficult to recognize than other objects. This "face inversion effect" has often been explained in terms of configural processing, which is impaired when faces are rotated away from the upright. Here we report a "gaze inversion effect" and discuss whether it is related to configural face processing of the whole face. Observers reported the gaze locations of photographed upright or inverted faces. When whole faces were presented, we found an inversion effect both for constant errors and observer sensitivity. These results were closely replicated when only the eyes were visible. Together, our findings suggest that gaze processing is largely based on component-based information from the eye region. Processing this information is orientation-sensitive and does not seem to rely on configural processing of the whole face.     

粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤临床病理研究

目的：探讨粘膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤临床病理特征。方法：对我院确诊和会诊的粘膜相关淋巴瘤18例，进行临床病理分析。按原发部位分为胃肠(GI)和非胃肠(NON-GI)两组，男性11例，女性7例，男女之比为1．6：1，平均年龄52岁(31岁-63岁)。结果：Gl组9例，临床表现无特异性，以腹部疼痛最常见，占本组78％(7／9)，其次是腹部包块，占33％(3／9)，内镜下表现多样；NON-GI组9例，以局部无痛性包块为主。手术后标本行免疫组化染色，结果均为B细胞恶性淋巴瘤。结论：粘膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤是非霍奇金淋巴瘤的一种亚型，具有起病隐匿，病程长，进展慢及患病率低，好发于中老年男性，治疗和预后良好等特征。     

24例原发浸润性肺真菌感染的CT表现分析

目的 探讨原发浸润性肺真菌感染的CT表现特点.方法 选取2007年12月-2011年6月于医院采用CT进行诊断检查的24例原发浸润性肺真菌感染患者为研究对象,将其不同感染分类的CT表现特点进行统计分析.结果 24例原发浸润性肺真菌感染患者感染病原菌分别为曲霉菌属占41.7％、白色假丝酵母菌占25.0％、放线菌占20.8％等,病灶表型比例由高到低为曲菌球型占41.7％、弥漫型占29.2％、实变型占20.8％及结节型占8.3％,各型CT表现各有特点.结论 原发浸润性肺真菌感染的CT表现有其特有的特点,在疾病诊断中有一定的辅助价值.     

A Supervised Learning Approach for Crohn's Disease Detection Using Higher-Order Image Statistics and a Novel Shape Asymmetry Measure

Increasing incidence of Crohn’s disease (CD) in the Western world has made its accurate diagnosis an important medical challenge. The current reference standard for diagnosis, colonoscopy, is time-consuming and invasive while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the preferred noninvasive procedure over colonoscopy. Current MRI approaches assess rate of contrast enhancement and bowel wall thickness, and rely on extensive manual segmentation for accurate analysis. We propose a supervised learning method for the identification and localization of regions in abdominal magnetic resonance images that have been affected by CD. Low-level features like intensity and texture are used with shape asymmetry information to distinguish between diseased and normal regions. Particular emphasis is laid on a novel entropy-based shape asymmetry method and higher-order statistics like skewness and kurtosis. Multi-scale feature extraction renders the method robust. Experiments on real patient data show that our features achieve a high level of accuracy and perform better than two competing methods.     

There and up again: On the uses and misuses of neuroimaging in psychology

The aim of this article is to discuss the conditions under which functional neuroimaging can contribute to the study of higher cognition. We begin by presenting two case studies—on moral and economic decision making—which will help us identify and examine one of the main ways in which neuroimaging can help advance the study of higher cognition. We agree with critics that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies seldom “refine” or “confirm” particular psychological hypotheses, or even provide details of the neural implementation of cognitive functions. However, we suggest that neuroimaging can support psychology in a different way—namely, by selecting among competing hypotheses of the cognitive mechanisms underlying some mental function. One of the main ways in which neuroimaging can be used for hypothesis selection is via reverse inferences, which we here examine in detail. Despite frequent claims to the contrary, we argue that successful reverse inferences do not assume any strong or objectionable form of reductionism or functional locationism. Moreover, our discussion illustrates that reverse inferences can be successful at early stages of psychological theorizing, when models of the cognitive mechanisms are only partially developed.     

Clinical Characteristics,Radiological Features and Gene Mutation in 10 Chinese Families with Spinocerebellar Ataxias

Background:

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that primarily cause the degeneration in the cerebellum, spinal cord, and brainstem. We study the clinical characteristics, radiological features and gene mutation in Chinese families with SCAs.

Methods:

In this study, we investigated 10 SCAs Chinese families with SCA1, SCA3/Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), SCA7, SCA8. There were 27 people who were genetically diagnosed as SCA, of which 21 people showed clinical symptoms, and 6 people had no clinical phenotype that we called them presymptomatic patients. In addition, 3 people with cerebellar ataxia and cataracts were diagnosed according to the Harding diagnostic criteria but failed to be recognized as SCAs on genetic testing. Clinical characteristic analyses of each type of SCAs and radiological examinations were performed.

Results:

We found that SCA3/MJD was the most common subtype in Han population in China, and the ratio of the pontine tegmentum and the posterior fossa area was negatively correlated with the number of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats; the disease duration was positively correlated with the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale score; and the CAG repeats number of abnormal alleles was negatively correlated with the age of onset.

Conclusions:

Collectively our study is a systematic research on SCAs in China, which may help for the clinical diagnosis and prenatal screening of this disease, and it may also aid toward better understanding of this disease.     

Clinical Relevance of Coronary Fractional Flow Reserve: Art-of-state

Objective:

The objective was to delineate the current knowledge of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in terms of definition, features, clinical applications, and pitfalls of measurement of FFR.

Data Sources:

We searched database for primary studies published in English. The database of National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE, and PubMed up to July 2014 was used to conduct a search using the keyword term “FFR”.

Study Selection:

The articles about the definition, features, clinical application, and pitfalls of measurement of FFR were identified, retrieved, and reviewed.

Results:

Coronary pressure-derived FFR rapidly assesses the hemodynamic significance of individual coronary artery lesions and can readily be performed in the catheterization laboratory. The use of FFR has been shown to effectively guide coronary revascularization procedures leading to improved patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

FFR is a valuable tool to determine the functional significance of coronary stenosis. It combines physiological and anatomical information, and can be followed immediately by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) if necessary. The technique of FFR measurement can be performed easily, rapidly, and safely in the catheterization laboratory. By systematic use of FFR in dubious stenosis and multi-vessel disease, PCI can be made an even more effective and better treatment than it is currently. The current clinical evidence for FFR should encourage cardiologists to use this tool in the catheterization laboratory.     

卒中后非痴呆认知障碍病人的认知损害特点及护理分析

目的：探讨卒中后非痴呆认知障碍患者的认知损害特点及护理干预效果,以供参考。方法将本院2011年8月至2013年7月收治的卒中后非痴呆认知障碍患者70例纳入本研究,分析其认知损害特点,并实施相应的康复护理对策。对比护理干预前后认知功能、生活质量的变化。结果与护理干预前对比,护理干预后患者MMSE评分、Barthel指数均明显提高,差异经t检验后发现有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论卒中后非痴呆认知障碍患者的认知功能损害表现为延迟记忆、视空间与执行、语言、注意与计算力、抽象思维等多项认知域的联合损害,早期认知功能康复护理有助于改善认知功能、提高生活质量。