Orbital Decompression for the Treatment of Spontaneous Globe Luxations

Aims: To describe the results of orbital decompression in patients with spontaneous globe luxations and to evaluate predisposing factors for this condition.

Methods: The clinical records of patients who underwent orbital decompression for the treatment of spontaneous globe luxations between 2010 and 2013 were reviewed. Data collected were age, gender, predisposing factors, preoperative and postoperative exophthalmometry, duration of follow-up, presence of diplopia before and after surgery and intra- and postoperative complications.

Results: Seven patients underwent orbital decompression after spontaneous globe luxation during the study period. Six patients underwent bilateral decompression. Two patients underwent a three-wall decompression, four of them medial and lateral decompression and one patient medial decompression. The predisposing factors for globe luxation were Graves’ orbitopathy, malar hypoplasia, high myopia, floppy eyelid syndrome and orbital fat hypertrophy in the context of obesity. After orbital decompression, none of the patients reported new globe luxations. No intraoperative complications were observed. None of the patients developed de novo diplopia.

Discussion: Orbital decompression is an effective method for the prevention of new episodes in patients with spontaneous globe luxations. It has good aesthetic and functional results and addresses the exophthalmos present in most cases.     

以突眼为表现的眼部血管病——颈动脉海绵窦瘘的介入治疗

目的探讨颈动脉海绵窦瘘眼部表现特点、影像学检查及介入治疗方法。 方法回顾分析5年中18例首诊于我院眼科的颈动脉海绵窦瘘者的眼部症状及体征、影像学检查、治疗方法等。18例患者均行介入手术治疗,其中应用可解脱球囊封堵瘘口12例,应用弹簧圈+Onyx胶封堵瘘口3例,覆膜支架隔绝瘘口3例。 结果所有病例中最常见的眼部表现为搏动性眼球突出、球结膜充血水肿、眼球运动障碍等。头颅或眼部CT平扫检查所有病例均显示患侧眼球突出,眼上静脉增粗;全部患者均行数字减影血管造影检查明确诊断。本组18例（20眼）均行介入手术治疗,其中应用可解脱球囊封堵瘘口12例（14眼）,结果10例（12眼）瘘口完全闭塞,发生并发症2例,无严重并发症或死亡病例。应用弹簧圈+Onyx胶封堵瘘口3例（3眼）、覆膜支架隔绝瘘口3例（3眼）,瘘口均完全闭塞,无并发症或死亡病例。全部手术患者眼部症状和体征均得到明显改善。随访时间（12±3.4）个月,无复发病例,颈动脉覆膜支架内未发生狭窄及闭塞。 结论对于以突眼及其他相关症状就诊于眼科的患者,应考虑颈动脉海绵窦瘘的可能,血管造影是该病诊断的金标准,介入手术治疗对颈动脉海绵窦瘘是安全有效的。     

Graves眼病部分免疫抑制剂疗效探讨

目的　对比几种免疫抑制剂对Graves眼病的疗效 ,旨在寻求免疫治疗的有效手段。方法　Graves眼病 75例 ,A组 31例 ,采用泼尼松 (16例 ,其中完成 13例 )或雷公藤多甙 (TW ,15例 )治疗 ;B组 2 3例 ,采用环孢素A(CsA ,11例 )或霉酚酸酯 (MMF ,12例 )治疗 ,疗程 12周 ;对照组 2 1例 ,仅给抗甲状腺药治疗并调节甲状腺功能。疗效判断采用改进的Given Wilson积分指数系统 ,积分下降或上升≥ 3分为好转或恶化 ,<3分为无变化。结果　 12周末 ,泼尼松组 13例中 7例好转 ,6例无效 ;TW组15例中 10例好转 ,5例无变化 ;CsA组 11例中 5例好转 ,6例无效 ;MMF组 12例中 11例好转 ,1例无变化 ;对照组 2 1例中 4例好转 ,5例恶化 ,12例无效。MMF好转率高于CsA(P <0 0 5 ) ;TW与泼尼松比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。各治疗组 12周末眼病分值均有下降 (P <0 0 1) ,下降幅度大小依次为MMF、TW、泼尼松和CsA组。结论　MMF用于治疗Graves眼病疗效优于CsA ,且较低剂量应用副作用不多 ;较小剂量的TW治疗Graves眼病疗效与泼尼松相仿 ,但可能副作用较少。     

Graves眼病眶部生长抑素受体显像研究

目的用99Tcm-奥曲肽(octreotide)SPECT眼眶显像评价Graves眼病活动度和预测免疫抑制疗效。方法Graves眼病患者39例,静脉注射925MBq99Tcmoctreotide后3h进行SPECT眼眶显像,利用感兴趣区技术,计算双侧眼眶(O)枕叶(OC)放射性比值。然后所有患者接受甲基强的松龙冲击治疗,计算治疗前和治疗1个月时的眼病指数(GOI)和临床活动度评分(CAS)。结果有效组34例,OOC比值为1.76±0.17;无效组5例,OOC比值为1.26±0.19(P<0.001)。OOC比值与治疗前CAS呈正相关(r=0.47,P<0.001),与治疗前后眼病指数差值(疗效)呈正相关(r=0.55,P<0.001)。OOC比值接受器工作特性(ROC)曲线下面积为0.971,当OOC比值取1.37时,阳性预测值为97%,阴性预测值为80%。结论OOC比值可反映Graves眼病患者眼病活动度和预测其免疫抑制疗效。     

MRI眶内结构定量分析在Graves眼病的应用研究

目的通过MRI测量正常对照组和Graves眼病组的眼外肌、眶内侧脂肪厚度及T2弛豫时间,探讨MRI在Graves眼病诊断、指导临床分期及判断疗效方面的价值。资料与方法正常对照组25名50只眼;Graves眼病组30例,均为双侧突眼,共60只眼,行眼眶MRI扫描。分别测量眼球突出值、眼外肌短径及长径并计算短径与长径的比值（R值）,测量球内侧脂肪厚度,根据SE双回波T2WI测得眼肌及球后脂肪的T2弛豫时间。结果（1）病变组眼球突出值明显大于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。（2）病变组各眼外肌短径均明显大于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;除下直肌外,病变组其余眼外肌的长径与正常对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。病变组眼肌的R值均明显大于正常对照组,两组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。（3）病变组球内侧脂肪的厚度明显大于正常对照组,两组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。（4）病变组与正常对照组之间眼外肌的T2值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01或0.05）;而球后脂肪T2值差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论MRI眶内组织的定量测定对Graves眼病的诊断、指导临床分期、判断疗效有一定的帮助。     

Primary granulocytic sarcoma in the sphenoidal bone and orbit

Case report We report a case of a primary cranial chloroma in boy aged 2 years and 8 months. The symptoms were progressive bilateral exophthalmos, right abducens palsy, and bilateral papilledema. The tumor was partially calcified and was a round mass located in the bilateral sphenoidal bone extending into the orbit. Laboratory study did not show hematological abnormality. The tumor was partially removed by bilateral frontotemporal craniotomy and a diagnosis of primary granulocytic sarcoma was made from the surgical specimen. Progressive deterioration of visual acuity was seen and chemotherapy started on the 11th postoperative day followed by local cranium irradiation (24 Gy). The patient has been in complete remission for 37 months. The visual acuity recovered partially and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed a significant decrease in the size of the tumor.Discussion Radiological diagnosis of primary intracranial granulocytic sarcoma is difficult. Surgical removal may be an option for progressive neurological deterioration but chemotherapy is more important for both neurological stabilization and induction of remission.     

以突眼起病的儿童非霍奇金淋巴瘤11例

目的 了解以突眼起病儿童非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床、病理、影像学特点及其疗效和预后.方法 对中山大学附属肿瘤防治中心儿童肿瘤科2004年4月至2010年10月收治的11例以突眼起病的非霍奇金淋巴瘤患儿资料进行临床分析.结果 11例患儿首发症状为单眼眼球突出或双眼眼球突出,有或无其他伴随症状.11例患儿病变部位病理活检均符合淋巴瘤改变.经化疗、手术及放疗等综合治疗,81.8%(9/11)的患儿完全缓解并生存至今.中位随访82个月,死亡2例,均死于肿瘤进展,1例左眼失明,2例右眼失明.1例原发颅内间变大细胞性淋巴瘤的患儿出现颅脑迟发性反射性损伤.结论 眼球突出是儿童非霍奇金淋巴瘤的特殊临床表现,疾病早期容易误诊,怀疑本病应尽早行病理活检以明确诊断,如及早确诊并综合治疗,预后良好.     

CT诊断眶内占位性病变的价值

在对眼球突出的32例病例进行电子计算机断层扫描(CT)中,发现主要病因为眶内原发性肿瘤,共24例;其次为Graves病及眶内炎症。通过介绍各类眶内占位性病变的CT所见,说明电子计算机断层扫描是诊断眶内占位性病变的最有效方法。     

Steroid Induced Exophthalmos A Case Report

A case of steroid induced exophthalmos in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement is described. Computed Tomography was used to demonstrate the increased retro-orbital fat.