液质联用技术联合网络药理学探讨白鲜皮治疗湿疹的作用机制＊

目的 采用液质联用技术分析白鲜皮中的主要化学成分；基于网络药理学技术研究白鲜皮治疗皮肤湿疹的活性成分、作用靶点及作用机制。方法 利用液质联用技术（LC-MS）对白鲜皮主要成分进行分析，通过质谱数据结合文献资料，对各主要成分进行快速识别；通过利用SwissADME数据库对白鲜皮潜在活性成分进行预测，筛选主要作用靶点。进行KEGG通路富集分析，最终得到白鲜皮成分-靶点-疾病-通路网络图。采用分子对接技术对主要成分和作用靶点进行验证。结果 从白鲜皮中共分析鉴定了12种成分，进一步筛选得到4种潜在活性成分，可作用于48个关键靶点和14条主要通路。结论 采用LC-MS技术结合网络药理学方法，可以快速分析白鲜皮的潜在活性成分，并初步揭示了成分-靶点-通路之间的关系。通过分子对接技术可以做作用靶点进行验证。     

卒中后抑郁大鼠前额叶皮质、海马和杏仁核胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达

目的：探讨卒中后抑郁（ post-stroke depression, PSD ）大鼠前额叶皮质、海马和杏仁核中胶质纤维酸性蛋白（glial fibrilary acidic protein, GFAP）表达。方法健康成年SD大鼠随机分为正常组、抑郁组、卒中组和PSD组，每组5只。卒中组采用线栓法建立局灶性脑缺血模型；抑郁组采用慢性不可预见性温和应激（chronic unpredictable mild stress, CUMS ）结合孤养建立大鼠慢性应激抑郁模型；PSD组采用线栓法建立局灶性脑缺血模型，术后1周加以CUMS 和孤养建立PSD 大鼠模型。在首次CUMS 后第1天、第8天、第15天和第29天进行蔗糖水消耗实验（ sucrose preference test, SPT）和旷场实验（open-field test, OFT）评价抑郁行为，在第29天应用免疫荧光染色法检测前额叶皮质、海马和杏仁核GFAP表达。结果在CUMS后第29天时，抑郁组和PSD组SPT 蔗糖水消耗量以及OFT水平和垂直运动评分均显著低于正常组和卒中组（P均＜0.05）；PSD组前额叶皮质、海马和杏仁核GFAP免疫阳性细胞数量均显著少于正常组、抑郁组和卒中组（P均＜0.05），而正常组、抑郁组和卒中组之间差异均无统计学意义（ P均>0.05）。结论 PS D 大鼠前额叶皮质、海马和杏仁核GFAP表达下降可能在PSD发病过程中发挥着一定的作用。     

关黄柏炒炭前后饮片化学成分的变化规律分析

目的:探究关黄柏炒炭前后饮片化学成分的变化规律,为关黄柏和关黄柏炭饮片的质量标准制定提供依据。方法:采用HPLC测定,流动相乙腈-0.4 mol·L~(-1)氯化铵水溶液梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,流速1.0 m L·min~(-1),检测波长215 nm。分析关黄柏炒炭前后饮片化学成分组成及含量的变化,对其中7种主要化学成分进行定量分析。结果:10批关黄柏饮片中,木兰花碱、盐酸黄柏碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱、黄柏内酯、黄柏酮的质量分数分别为2.468~6.783,1.947~4.197,0.209~0.506,3.049~4.557,5.869~13.168,5.141~7.337,1.798~4.975 mg·g~(-1)。关黄柏炒炭后,除个别企业样品外,各化学成分含量均有减少,其中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀等生物碱类成分几乎殆尽;黄柏酮、黄柏内酯等小极性成分保存较多,9批关黄柏炭饮片中,黄柏内酯、黄柏酮的质量分数分别为3.164~6.483,0.281~1.614 mg·g~(-1)。结论:关黄柏饮片炒炭后,外观性状和内在成分变化明显,关黄柏饮片的质量标准难以应用于关黄柏炭。所购关黄柏炭饮片也因此难以做到炒炭程度统一,应根据关黄柏炒炭后的成分变化规律控制炒炭程度,进一步规范关黄柏和关黄柏炭饮片的质量标准。     

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS对桑白皮总黄酮提取物的快速分析

目的:对桑白皮总黄酮提取物中的各化合物进行快速的分离和鉴定,并对其主要的裂解碎片和二级裂解规律进行探讨。方法:采用超高效液相串联四级杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS),在电喷雾离子源(ESI)负离子模式下进行分离和检测;使用Waters公司BRH分析柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm);以0.1%甲酸水为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,梯度洗脱;流速0.3 m L·min~(-1);柱温为25℃。结果:基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术分离所得精确相对分子质量,结合二级质谱裂解信息,使用Masslynx 4.1软件对数据进行统计和分析,并参考Sci Finder数据库(美国化学学会在线数据库学术版),桑白皮总黄酮提取物中共鉴定出13种黄酮成分,其中有7个Diels-Alder加合物,主要代表物为桑根酮C(sanggenon C),桑根酮D(sanggenon D),6种异戊烯基黄酮类化合物,代表物为桑辛素(morusin)。结论:通过超高效液相的分离,首次发现了桑白皮总黄酮提取物中的化合物在ESI源中脱去H_2和H_2O的现象,并对其二级裂解碎片的规律进行探讨,同时也为桑白皮总黄酮提取物的成分鉴定提供了一个快速、简便、可靠的方法。     

UPLC同时测定秦皮配方颗粒中7种成分

目的:建立UPLC同时测定秦皮配方颗粒中7种成分(秦皮甲素、毛柳苷、秦皮乙素、丁香苷、秦皮苷、秦皮素和东莨菪内酯)的方法,比较不同厂家及批次秦皮配方颗粒中7种成分含量的差异,为秦皮配方颗粒的科学质量控制提供依据。方法:采用Waters超高效液相色谱仪,Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm),以甲醇(A)-0.1%磷酸水溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~1 min,5%~10%A;1~10 min,10%~12%A),流速0.4 m L·min~(-1),进样量2μL,柱温38℃,检测波长220 nm。结果:色谱峰纯度结果表明方法专属性良好。秦皮甲素、毛柳苷、秦皮乙素、丁香苷、秦皮苷、秦皮素和东莨菪内酯分别在各自范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率分别为100.0%(RSD 2.0%),99.5%(RSD2.1%),99.9%(RSD 1.5%),99.7%(RSD 2.2%),99.4%(RSD 1.4%),100.8%(RSD 1.8%),99.4%(RSD 2.6%)。结论:该方法简便、准确,适用于秦皮配方颗粒中7种成分的同时定量测定,分析时间明显缩短,并对秦皮配方颗粒中除秦皮甲素和秦皮乙素之外的多种成分首次进行了定量测定,不同厂家及批次的秦皮配方颗粒主要成分含量存在一定的差异。     

桑白皮黄酮提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝血管生成相关基因的影响

目的:初步探索桑白皮黄酮提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的治疗作用及机制研究。方法:将24只雄性大鼠随机分为3组,分别为正常组、模型组、桑白皮黄酮组(1.0 g·kg~(-1))。采用腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(streptozocin,STZ)结合高脂饲料喂养的方法,建立2型糖尿病伴非酒精性脂肪肝的模型,灌胃治疗16周时,观察比较桑白皮黄酮提取物对各组大鼠血清中空腹血糖(FBG),总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),糖耐量(OGTT)变化,油红O染色和苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肝脏病理改变,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测肝脏血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF),血小板衍生因子(platelet derived growth factor,PDGF)mRNA的表达。结果:灌胃干预16周后,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠FBG,TC,TG,LDL-C,含量均显著高于正常组(P0.05),应用桑白皮黄酮治疗后,上述生化指标较模型组均有显著下降(P0.05)。糖耐量试验显示模型组胰岛素敏感性下降,应用桑白皮黄酮治疗后胰岛素敏感性较模型组有显著改善。油红O染色结果显示模型组肝细胞胞浆内可见大量红染的脂肪滴,而桑白皮黄酮组肝细胞胞浆内未见红染的脂肪滴。HE染色结果显示模型组肝小叶中肝细胞发生明显的小泡样脂肪变性,部分肝细胞中脂滴融合成大的脂肪空泡,小叶中可见点状坏死,周围有炎性细胞浸润,而桑白皮黄酮组肝细胞结构正常。模型组肝脏中VEGF,PDGF mRNA表达量较正常组有显著升高,应用桑白皮黄酮治疗后,肝脏中VEGF,PDGF mRNA表达量明显降低(P0.05)。结论:桑白皮黄酮提取物对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝有一定的防治作用,其作用机制可能与抑制肝脏中VEGF,PDGF mRNA的表达有关。     

Is there any difference between the British and Japanese de?nitions of the mandibular cortical index (MCI) on panoramic radiographs? A pilot study

Objectives To assess the reproducibility of the mandibular cortical index (MCI) on panoramic radiographs among British and Japanese observers, and to investigate the difference between the British and Japanese observers in the definition of MCI.Methods Three observers, a Japanese oral radiologist, a British oral radiologist, and a British prosthodontist, classified the inferior cortex of the mandible on a set of 100 duplicated films of randomly selected panoramic radiographs twice, 2 weeks apart, using the MCI. The kappa index for intra- and interobserver agreement was calculated for the three observers.Results The kappa index for intraobserver agreement was moderate (0.56) to perfect (0.86) for the three observers. Interobserver agreement between the Japanese and the British oral radiologists was moderate at the first reading (kappa, 0.59) and substantial at the second (0.61). Interobserver agreement between the prosthodontist on the one hand and each of the oral radiologists on the other was fair (0.35, 0.38) at the first reading, but moderate (0.43, 0.60) at the second reading. The prosthodontist tended to overestimate the MCI compared with either of the oral radiologists.Conclusion Our results suggest that the definition of MCI used by Japanese observers is basically similar to that used by British observers, although some improvements in the definition of MCI would be necessary for clinical dental practice.     

基于一测多评法鉴别蓝芩制剂中的黄柏与关黄柏

目的 建立蓝芩制剂中盐酸黄柏碱、盐酸巴马汀及盐酸小檗碱的HPLC一测多评法,并基于含量测定结果建立蓝芩制剂中黄柏与关黄柏的鉴别方法。方法 采用Agilent 1260色谱仪,Waters Atlantis T3(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液(每100 mL加十二烷基磺酸钠0.2 g)梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL·min^–1,检测波长为280 nm,柱温30℃,以盐酸小檗碱为参照物,计算盐酸黄柏碱及盐酸巴马汀的相对校正因子,所得结果与外标法结果进行比较,判断该方法的可靠性。利用聚类分析含量测定结果,讨论黄柏与关黄柏对3种生物碱含量的影响,建立鉴别方法,对不同厂家的蓝芩制剂进行测定。结果 盐酸黄柏碱、盐酸巴马汀及盐酸小檗碱分别在1.087～54.35μg·mL^–1,0.100 9～20.18μg·mL^–1,0.536 5～26.82μg·mL^–1内线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为91.57%(RSD=3.0%),97.96%(RSD=2.1%),100.6%(RSD...     

大黄、地榆、牡丹皮炒炭过程中热解反应机制的分析

目的:推断并验证大黄、地榆、牡丹皮3味中药炒炭的热解反应机制,进一步完善这3味中药炒炭研究的理论。方法:采用模式函数法中的单个扫描速率的不定温法(Coats-Redfern模型与Achar模型)推断大黄、地榆、牡丹皮3味中药炒炭过程中热解反应的机理函数,通过比较转化率(α)理论值、实验值与1/T的热分析曲线对机理函数进行验证。结果:积分形式表达式能更较好地描述大黄、地榆、牡丹皮3味中药炒炭热解的反应机制,三者的炒炭热解机理函数分别为9号机理函数积分形式g(α)=[(1-α)-1/3-1]2,2号机理函数积分形式g(α)=α+(1-α)ln(1-α),9号机理函数积分形式g(α)=[(1-α)-1/3-1]2。结论:3味中药炒炭的热解反应机制均属于反应扩散,转化率理论值与实验值存在一定的差异,运用热分析动力学方法只是尽可能地模拟这3味中药的炒炭热解反应过程。     

Abnormal cortical activity in patients with temporomandibular disorder evoked by cognitive and emotional tasks

Patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) perform poorly in neuropsychological tests of cognitive function. These deficits might be related to dysfunction in brain networks that support pain and cognition, due to the impact of chronic pain and its related emotional processes on cognitive ability. We therefore tested whether patients with TMD perform poorly in cognitive and emotion tasks and whether they had abnormal task-evoked brain activity. Seventeen female subjects with nontraumatic TMD and 17 age-matched healthy female subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing counting Stroop tasks comprising neutral words, incongruent numbers, or emotional words, including TMD-specific words. Group differences in task-related brain responses were assessed. Connectivity between 2 pairs of coupled brain regions during the cognitive and emotional tasks (prefrontal-cingulate and amygdala-cingulate) was also examined. The patients had sluggish Stroop reaction times for all Stroop tasks. Furthermore, compared to controls, patients showed increased task-evoked responses in brain areas implicated in attention (eg, lateral prefrontal, inferior parietal), emotional processes (eg, amygdala, pregenual anterior cingulate), motor planning and performance (eg, supplementary and primary motor areas), and activation of the default-mode network (medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate). The patients also exhibited decoupling of the normally correlated activity between the prefrontal and cingulate cortices and between the amygdala and cingulate cortex. These findings suggest that the slow behavioral responses in idiopathic TMD may be due to attenuated, slower, and/or unsynchronized recruitment of attention/cognition processing areas. These abnormalities may be due to the salience of chronic pain, which inherently requires attention.