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IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.  相似文献   
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《Pancreatology》2022,22(8):1175-1180
BackgroundHepatic steatosis has been described as a common finding in adults following total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) but it is unknown if this occurs in children and adolescents.ObjectivesTo define the frequency of post-TPIAT hepatic steatosis in a sample of children and adolescents and to identify clinical predictors of incident steatosis post-TPIAT.MethodsIn this prospective study, consecutive participants at least 1-month post-TPIAT underwent a liver MRI with proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and blood draw at our pediatric academic medical center between April 2021 and January 2022. Comparison clinical pre-TPIAT liver MRI or ultrasound and insulin use and graft function data were extracted from the medical record. T-tests were used for the comparison of means across continuous variables between participants with and without post-TPIAT steatosis.ResultsA total of 20 participants (mean: 13 ± 4 years; 12 female) were evaluated. Mean liver PDFF at research MRI was 7.4 ± 6.2% (range: 2–25%). Seven participants (35%) had categorical hepatic steatosis (PDFF>5%) post-TPIAT, five of whom had pre-TPIAT steatosis, reflecting a 13% (2/15; 95% CI: 2–40%) incidence of post-TPIAT steatosis. Participant characteristics were not significantly different between subgroups with and without post-TPIAT steatosis. Mean PDFF at research MRI was not different between graft function subgroups (7.5% optimal/good vs. 7.3% marginal/failure; p = .96).ConclusionOur study shows a moderate prevalence but low incidence of hepatic steatosis in a small sample of children and adolescents post-TPIAT. This study raises questions about a causal relationship between TPIAT and hepatic steatosis.  相似文献   
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目的观察利多卡因联合庆大霉素含漱对小儿鼾症术后疼痛及8-异构前列腺素(8-iso-PG)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)水平的影响。方法前瞻性选取阜阳市人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科于2019年3月至2020年3月收治的小儿鼾症患者100例,所有患者均择期在气管插管麻醉下行扁桃体和(或)腺样体切除术治疗。根据奇偶数分组法分为两组,其中对照组50例术后给予冰袋冰敷等常规处理,同时联合0.9%氯化钠溶液含漱作为安慰剂,观察组50例术后在常规处理基础上给予利多卡因联合庆大霉素含漱。记录两组术后疼痛程度、咽部黏膜消肿时间、首次进流食时间、住院时间和并发症情况,检测两组8-iso-PG、MnSOD的水平。结果观察组术后24、48、72 h时的疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分分别为(4.12±0.54)、(3.24±0.43)、(2.32±0.34)分,均明显低于对照组[(5.08±0.51)、(4.18±0.47)、(3.51±0.42)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组咽部黏膜消肿时间、首次进流食时间、住院时间为(28.89±3.64)h、(4.91±0.86)d、(5.04±0.91)d,均短于对照组[(33.05±4.51)h、(5.85±1.04)d、(5.91±1.13)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后72 h,观察组8-iso-PG为(107.25±16.42)ng/L,显著低于对照组[(121.33±18.56)ng/L],MnSOD为(6.58±1.21)U/mL,显著高于对照组[(6.04±1.14)U/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后发热和总并发症的发生率分别为4.00%和6.00%,低于对照组(16.00%、28.00%),但总出血、饮水反流、感染的发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论利多卡因联合庆大霉素含漱可有效减轻小儿鼾症术后的疼痛程度,减轻机体应激反应,促进术后康复,且可降低并发症的发生。  相似文献   
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气管支气管异物是儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科常见病,具有起病急,病情进展快的特点,严重时可危及生命。本文结合湖南省儿童医院35年气管支气管异物的救治经验,对该病的发展概况、诊断、手术、术后处理、并发症处理及健康教育等方面进行阐述,希望对儿童气管支气管异物的防治工作具有借鉴和参考作用。  相似文献   
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目的 探讨全麻下硬性支气管镜下儿童气管支气管异物取出术发生低氧血症的相关因素。方法 回顾性研究432例全麻下气管支气管异物患儿的临床资料,分析患儿术中发生低血氧血症的程度与其年龄、异物停留位置、异物停留时间及术前肺部并发症的相关性。结果 患儿术中发生轻度、中度低氧血症与其年龄、异物停留位置、异物停留时间及术前肺部并发症之间不存在相关性(P>0.05),而患儿术中发生重度低氧血症与其年龄、异物停留位置、异物停留时间及术前肺部并发症之间存在相关性(P<0.05)。结论 患儿年龄、异物停留位置、异物停留时间及术前肺部并发症和术中重度低氧血症发生存在相关性。  相似文献   
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Despite the high population of children, increasing surgical disease burden and shortage of pediatric surgeons, as well as limited infrastructure, children's surgical care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been neglected for decades. This has contributed to unacceptably high morbidity and mortality, long term disabilities and economic loss to families. The work of the global initiative for children's surgery (GICS) has raised the profile and visibility of children's surgery in the global health space. This has been achieved a philosophy of inclusiveness, LMIC participation, focus on LMIC needs and high income country (HIC) support, and driven by implementation to change on the ground situations. Children's operating rooms are being installed to strengthen infrastructure and children's surgery is being gradually included in national surgical plans to provide the policy framework to support children's surgical care. In Nigeria, pediatric surgery workforce has increased from 35 in 2003 to 127 in 2002, but the density remains low at 0.14 per 100,000 population <15 years. Education and training have been strengthened with the publication of a pediatric surgery textbook for Africa and creation of a Pan Africa pediatric surgery e-learning platform. However, financing children's surgery in LMICs remains a barrier as many families are at risk of catastrophic healthcare expenditure. The success of these efforts provides encouraging examples of what can be collectively achieve by appropriate and mutually beneficial global north-south collaborations. Pediatric surgeons need to commit their time, knowledge and skills, as well as experience and voices to strengthen children's surgery globally to impact more lives, for the overall good of more.  相似文献   
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目的探讨儿童肾脏非霍奇金淋巴瘤CT平扫及增强表现,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析50例经手术或活检病理证实的儿童肾脏非霍奇金淋巴瘤(原发性1例,继发性49例)CT表现。结果50例儿童肾脏非霍奇金淋巴瘤影像学表现多样,根据CT表现可分为5型:多发结节型、单发结节型、弥漫浸润型、邻近后腹膜淋巴瘤侵犯型及肾周肿块型。本组36例多发结节型,其中双侧多发34例,单侧多发2例;8例单发结节型,其中右侧单发6例,左侧单发2例;3例弥漫浸润型;2例邻近后腹膜淋巴瘤侵犯型;1例肾周肿块型。结论儿童肾脏非霍奇金淋巴瘤CT表现形式多样,但具有一定特征,对于准确诊断儿童肾脏非霍奇金淋巴瘤,指导临床分期、制定治疗方案及观察疗效具有重要意义。  相似文献   
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