泽泻化学成分及药理作用研究进展

泽泻为我国传统中药,广泛应用于中医临床复方及多种中成药中。目前从泽泻中分离到了220余个化合物,包括三萜、倍半萜、二萜、糖类、含氮化合物、苯丙素、黄酮、甾体等。药理学研究表明泽泻醇提物、水提物及一些单体类成分具有利尿、抗结石及肾脏保护、降血脂及保肝、降血糖、抗癌、抗氧化损伤、抗炎、抗补体等作用。该文对近五十年来泽泻的化学成分和药理作用进行了全面系统的整理,以期为泽泻的深入研究和开发利用提供理论依据。     

益母草属萜类化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

益母草属植物中的化合物类型多样、结构丰富,其中萜类化合物是目前发现数量最多的一类,同时具有广泛的生物活性。因此,作者对益母草属萜类化合物及其药理活性进行总结归纳,为该属萜类化合物的进一步研究提供参考。     

牡丹皮的现代药学研究进展

牡丹皮为毛茛科植物牡丹的干燥根皮,临床常用中药,具有活血化瘀,清热凉血之功效。系统总结了近年来对牡丹皮的化学、提取、分析及药理等现代研究与应用基本现状,发现牡丹皮中含有酚及酚苷类、单萜及其苷类、三萜等大量复杂类型化学成分,且牡丹皮及所含牡丹酚及其糖苷类成分具有较强的抑菌抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗心律失常、降糖、激活机体免疫系统及保护心血管等多种作用。     

Effect of Gum Arabic on plaque-induced gingivitis: A randomised controlled trial

New approaches to treating periodontal diseases aim to balance sustaining the natural oral microbiota and modifying the host immune response. Gum Arabic (GA) is a natural polysaccharide rich in prebiotics.The aim of this study was to assess the effect of GA on clinical (Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI)) and immunological (Gingival Crevicular Fluid Interleukin 1 Beta (GCF IL-1 β)) parameters in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis.Materials and methodsThis placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomised clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Periodontology at Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, from July to October 2016. Patients diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis meeting the study eligibility criteria were enrolled. At baseline, PI, GI and GCF IL-1β were measured. Patients received full-mouth scaling and were randomly assigned to receive either GA powder (intervention group) or Microcrystalline cellulose powder (placebo group). The patients were instructed to apply the treatment twice a day throughout the study. The PI, GI and GCF IL-1β were reassessed after 30 and 60 days.ResultsA total of 60 patients were enrolled (30 in each group). Compared to the placebo group, the intervention group showed a statistically significant reduction in GI scores after 30 days and improved PI scores at 30 and 60 days. Between baseline and 60 days, patients who received GA exhibited a significant reduction in GCF IL-1β levels compared to the placebo group.ConclusionGA was found to be effective in controlling plaque and gingivitis.Clinical Trial Registration. ISRCTN registry ISRCTN14209449.     

早期肠内营养支持对胃癌术后患者肠黏膜屏障功能保护的研究进展

胃癌患者在手术应激状况下，内脏血流减少，肠黏膜处于低灌注状态，易发生肠黏膜损伤。此外，手术刺激可导致肠黏膜充血、水肿、糜烂，加重肠黏膜损伤。近年来，肠内营养被作为保护肠黏膜屏障功能的有效手段。早期肠内营养在肠黏膜屏障功能保护中的作用机制已被证实，然而不同研究结果有一定差异。本研究综述了国内外有关胃癌术后患者行早期肠内营养支持的相关研究，整理、分析既往研究的结论和争议，为早期肠内营养支持的推广应用提供参考。     

Vulneración de derechos humanos en las movilizaciones de octubre de 2019 en Chile

Chile's October 2019 popular revolt has again made human rights violations visible in the context of mass mobilizations. In terms of damage to the population's health, multiple eye injuries produced by kinetic impact projectiles and tear bombs against people were reported, leading to an outbreak of unpublished eye injuries worldwide. There was excessive use of chemical weapons, and the totality of the chemicals used has not been transparent. The impact on mental health, especially of the population who lived during dictatorship in the 1970s, is uncertain and, health care was overwhelmed in the most vulnerable geographic areas. It is urgent to establish a timely and transparent system for monitoring such lesions and transparent all chemical compounds in tear-tearing and the composition of kinetic impact projectiles.     

安息香药材化学成分、药理作用研究进展及质量标志物预测分析＊

安息香为安息香科白花树Styrax tonkinensis （Pierre） Craib ex Hart.的干燥树脂，主要化学成分为香脂酸类和三萜类物质，及少数木脂素类物质，其中香脂酸类化合物是其主要活性成分。安息香主要药理活性有抗炎解热、抗肿瘤、血脑屏障保护等。本文对安息香药材的化学成分和药理作用进行了综述，并从多角度分析预测了安息香可能的质量标志物，为安息香药材的质量控制、合理开发与利用提供参考。     

Characteristic chemical profile of Juhe Fang extract with lipid-lowering properties

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to verify the lipid-lowering effect of Juhe Fang extract (JHFE) and to determine its characteristic chemical profile in vitro and in vivo.MethodsA hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD). After treatment for 30 days, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured with an automatic biochemistry analyzer. The components from JHFE obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments were investigated using an UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS/MS.ResultsThe TC, TG, and LDL-C in the serum significantly decreased and the HDL-C significantly increased after JHFE treatment. A total of 95 compounds from JHEF including 15 phenolic acids (PA), 4 phenylethanoid glycosides (PG), 24 flavonoids (F), 14 triterpenoids (T), 10 diterpenoid glycosides (D), 18 alkaloids (A) and 10 others (O) were identified. Trigonelline was discovered for the first time in a herbal medicine of Juhe Fang. Furthermore, 68 compounds were identified in vivo including 28 prototype compounds and 40 metabolites. The metabolic characteristics of these components were revealed including identification of new metabolites of 4-hydroxyphenyl ethyl-8-O-[α-L- arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (PEG) and lirinidine. A total of 43 components from JHFE were absorbed and/or metabolized. The contribution rate of each type of chemical component from JHFE to its lipid-lowering effect from high to low were A, F, PG, PA, D and T.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that JHFE demonstrated a significant lipid-lowering effect in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia mouse model. Specific types of PA, PG, F, D, T and A formed the pharmaceutical architecture of the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE. This study should prove useful for clarifying the components responsible for the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE and provide a basis for precision quality control research.     

基于UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS分析刺果番荔枝叶的化学成分

目的利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS技术对刺果番荔枝叶的化学成分进行定性分析。方法采用Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T 3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)和乙腈(B)梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,进样量2μL,在电喷雾正负离子模式下采集数据。经Reaxys数据库检索番荔枝属类化合物信息,通过质谱信息比对各化合物的m/z值、保留时间、质谱特征碎片等,并结合文献数据对鉴定的化合物进行验证。结果根据各化合物的特征裂解规律,从刺果番荔枝叶中共鉴定出45个化合物,包括16个生物碱类,14个番荔枝内酯类,7个黄酮类和8个其他类化合物,其中以番荔枝内酯类和生物碱类成分居多,与文献报道番荔枝内酯与生物碱类化合物是发挥抗癌的主要活性成分一致。结论利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS技术对刺果番荔枝叶中的化学成分进行了快速、准确的定性分析,为刺果番荔枝叶的提取分离与药效物质基础的研究提供依据。     

Diabetes diagnosis from administrative claims and estimation of the true prevalence of diabetes among 4.2 million individuals of the Veneto region (North East Italy)

Background and aimsDiabetes can often remain undiagnosed or unregistered in administrative databases long after its onset, even when laboratory test results meet diagnostic criteria. In the present work, we analyse healthcare data of the Veneto Region, North East Italy, with the aims of: (i) developing an algorithm for the identification of diabetes from administrative claims (4,236,007 citizens), (ii) assessing its reliability by comparing its performance with the gold standard clinical diagnosis from a clinical database (7525 patients), (iii) combining the algorithm and the laboratory data of the regional Health Information Exchange (rHIE) system (543,520 subjects) to identify undiagnosed diabetes, and (iv) providing a credible estimate of the true prevalence of diabetes in Veneto.Methods and resultsThe proposed algorithm for the identification of diabetes was fed by administrative data related to drug dispensations, outpatient visits, and hospitalisations. Evaluated against a clinical database, the algorithm achieved 95.7% sensitivity, 87.9% specificity, and 97.6% precision. To identify possible cases of undiagnosed diabetes, we applied standard diagnostic criteria to the laboratory test results of the subjects who, according to the algorithm, had no diabetes-related claims. Using a simplified probabilistic model, we corrected our claims-based estimate of known diabetes (6.17% prevalence; 261,303 cases) to account for undiagnosed cases, yielding an estimated total prevalence of 7.50%.ConclusionWe herein validated an algorithm for the diagnosis of diabetes using administrative claims against the clinical diagnosis. Together with rHIE laboratory data, this allowed to identify possibly undiagnosed diabetes and estimate the true prevalence of diabetes in Veneto.