Aspirin in a diabetic retinopathy setting: Insights from NO BLIND study

Background and aimsDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Diabetic macroangiopathies, particularly cardiovascular (CV) diseases, seem closely related to diabetes microvascular complications. Aspirin represents the most prescribed compound in CV prevention. Aspirin impact on DR is still object of debate. As it is already recommended among diabetics at high CV risk, aim of this study was to assess a potential relationship between DR and aspirin therapy, in a type 2 diabetes cohort of patients screened through telemedicine.Methods and resultsNO Blind is a cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study, which involved nine Italian outpatient clinics. Primary endpoint was the assessment of the relationship between aspirin treatment and DR. 2068 patients were enrolled in the study, subsequently split in two subpopulations according to either the presence or absence of DR. Overall, 995 subjects were under aspirin therapy. After adjusting for most common potential confounders, age and gender, aspirin reveals significantly associated with DR (OR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.58–2.89, p = 0.002) and proliferative DR (PDR) (OR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.24–2.84, p = 0.003). Association comes lost further adjusting for MACEs (OR: 1.28, 95%CI: 0.85–1.42, p = 0.157) (Model 4) and eGFR (OR: 0.93; 95%CI: 0.71–1.22; p = 0.591) (Model 5).ConclusionIn this multicenter cross-sectional study including a large sample of outpatients with T2DM, we showed that aspirin was not associated with DR after adjustment for several cardio-metabolic confounders. However, as partially confirmed by our findings, and related to the well-known pro-hemorrhagic effect of aspirin, its use should be individually tailored, even by telemedicine tools.     

Appropriate extent of surgery for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease

The current literature lacks strong guidelines regarding surgical management of patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), who present with the clinical triad of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), bronchial asthma, and aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intolerance. To further define the effectiveness of sinus surgery in treating AERD patients, this review article discusses current evidence regarding outcomes associated with more extensive surgery, the benefits of frontal sinus surgery on polyposis, and the role of Draf III intervention. Numerous studies suggest that Draf III frontal sinusotomy may be an efficacious early intervention due to increased neo-ostial patency and subsequent distribution of topical therapies. Future studies that further investigate the efficacy and safety of extensive surgery in AERD patients are warranted.     

脑小血管病患者阿司匹林抵抗的发生率及其与长期预后的关系

【摘要】 目的 探讨脑小血管病（cerebral small vessel disease，CSVD）患者阿司匹林抵抗（aspirin resistance， AR）的发生率，以及AR与结局的关系。 方法 前瞻性纳入2015年8月-2017年6月诊断为CSVD的住院患者。根据血栓弹力图仪测量血小板 抑制率将患者分为AR组和非AR组。记录所有患者基线时人口学、实验室检查、影像学检查等资料，并 在2年随访期间进行影像学复查，同时记录患者新发血管事件及死亡情况。使用多因素Logistic回归分 析确定AR与结局的关系。 结果 共纳入94例患者，年龄为49～84岁，平均年龄66.20±7.37岁，男性55例（58.5%），AR的发生 率为23.4%（22/94）。AR与2年内新发腔隙性脑梗死（OR 4.70，95%CI 1.56～24.13，P =0.041）和脑白 质病变加重（OR 4.07，95%CI 1.28～11.57，P =0.038）风险相关，与新发血管事件及死亡风险无关。 结论 CSVD住院患者中AR发生率约1/5，AR与脑白质病变加重和新发腔隙性脑梗死风险相关。     

偏头痛采用阿司匹林和尼莫地平治疗的临床比较

目的：探讨在治疗偏头痛方面阿司匹林和尼莫地平的效果。方法选取2012年5月—2014年5月来我院治疗的114例偏头痛患者，随机分为2组各57例，命名为试验组和对照组。对照组患者采用尼莫地平治疗，试验组患者采用阿司匹林治疗，记录2组患者的治疗效果、并发症发生情况及半年内的复发情况等，并进行对比分析。结果经过一段时间治疗后，试验组患者的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05），且并发症发生率、半年内复发率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论阿司匹林治疗偏头痛的效果显著，并发症发生率和复发率也都比较低，安全性高，值得在临床上推广使用。     

非致残性缺血性脑血管事件药物治疗进展

非致残性缺血性脑血管事件（non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events，NICE）占缺血性 脑血管病的50%～60%。近年来，NICE的治疗从最初的单药抗血小板到双联抗血小板取得了重大突破，研究证明21 d的短程、双联抗血小板方案具有更高的有效性和安全性。NICE患者进行溶栓治疗获益的同时会增加出血风险，目前对于NICE患者是否需要接受溶栓治疗仍存在争议，但可预知的是，NICE的类型、NIHSS评分、溶栓时间窗、药物剂量等可作为后续研究设计考虑的影响因素。对于携带 CYP2C19 LOF基因的NICE患者，接受替格瑞洛治疗的预后效果明显优于氯吡格雷；另外，其他基因的多态性对NICE的预后也存在较大影响，基因多态性研究或成为未来卒中治疗的一个新方向。     

长期服用阿司匹林致脑出血患者手术疗效

目的探讨长期服用阿司匹林致脑出血患者手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2004-10—2011-09收治的27例服用阿司匹林的脑出血患者资料,探讨服用阿司匹林的脑出血的临床特点及手术体会。结果 27例服用阿司匹林的脑出血患者中存活23例,10例基本生活自理,死亡4例。结论长期服用阿司匹林并发脑出血患者,应停服阿司匹林,给予促凝药物、新鲜血浆或血小板治疗,手术尽量选择微创治疗。     

Antiphospholipid syndrome: Diagnosis and management in the obstetric patient

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare condition clinically characterized by thrombotic events or pregnancy complications and confirmed by one or more repeatedly positive antiphospholipid antibodies on two or more occasions at least 12 weeks apart. Several factors are thought to have roles in the pathogenesis of adverse obstetric events related to APS, including platelet and endothelial cell activation, complement activation, and ultimate activation of the thrombotic pathway. Despite standard treatment with a heparin agent and low-dose aspirin, 30% of women with definite APS cannot achieve a successful pregnancy outcome. Additional treatment options are still controversial, and prospective trials with appropriate controls are needed to investigate the efficiency of alternative treatments. In this chapter, we discuss diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic approaches in the treatment of APS syndrome in pregnancy.