凉血通瘀方干预高血压大鼠急性脑出血模型对脑组织中差异miRNA表达的影响＊

目的 研究凉血通瘀方对高血压大鼠急性脑出血模型脑组织miRNA表达的影响，对差异表达的miRNA靶基因进行分析，探索凉血通瘀方可能的药效机制。方法 将自发性高血压大鼠随机分成对照组（B）和实验组（C）。适应性饲养一周后，C组灌胃凉血通瘀方，B组灌胃等体积生理盐水，连续5天，每天1次。构建脑出血模型后收集脑组织，借助全转录组测序技术获得miRNA表达量，与miRBase数据库比对获取已知miRNA，使用miRDeep2预测新miRNA。差异分析软件为DESeq2，筛选阈值为|log₂FC| ≥1 并且P <0.05。对显著差异表达的miRNA进行靶基因预测，对靶基因进行GO功能、KEGG通路富集和PPI网络分析。结果 实验组和对照组对比，共发现21个显著差异表达的miRNA，上调有9个，下调有12个，共预测得到1243个有统计学意义的靶基因。GO富集分析发现，生物过程中突触囊泡分泌的调节、神经递质分泌的调节和神经递质运输的调节占前三位，神经元投射终点、全膜、质膜区域和细胞投射则是主要的细胞成分。分子功能分别为小GTPase绑定、底物特异性跨膜转运蛋白活性和离子跨膜转运体活性。通路分析结果显示，靶基因在癌证通路、pI3K-Akt信号通路、人类乳头瘤病毒感染、神经活性配体-受体相互作用和MAPK通路等分布广泛。采用STRING网站和Cytoscape软件，根据MCC算法筛选出ADRA2C、CASR、CCL28、CCR1、DRD2、GNAT3、GRM2、DYNC1LI1、GABBR1、GNAI1等核心靶基因。结论 凉血通瘀方对脑出血急性期鼠脑组织内miRNA的表达有重要影响；显著差异表达miRNAs可能通过靶向核心基因调控凉血通瘀方干预急性脑出血的病理过程及预后。     

脑脊液变化对脑出血电阻抗成像表征的影响研究

目的:探究脑脊液(CSF)变化对脑出血电阻抗断层扫描(EIT)成像表征影响的基本规律,为成像方法改进奠定实验基础。方法:采用基于COMOSL软件建立含有脑脊液层和脑出血目标的三维颅脑有限元仿真模型,利用阻尼最小二乘算法重建CSF整体减少和局部减少情况下的EIT图像,以重建图像感兴趣区域(ROI)的平均阻抗值作为重建结果分析的主要参考指标。结果:当CSF整体体积减少时,EIT图像中存在阻抗升高的目标,易造成对出血目标成像的误判,当其体积减少2 ml以上时,EIT图像难以真实地反映出血目标的位置和变化信息;CSF体积的变化与EIT重建值之间具有高度相关性。在CSF体积局部减少的情况下,EIT图像能够反映出血目标的位置信息,但其重建值表达为阻抗升高。结论:脑脊液变化对脑出血电阻抗成像表征的影响研究证实,CSF体积变化是导致出血性病变在EIT图像中表现为阻抗升高的重要影响因素,可为后续脑出血EIT成像算法改进提供数据支撑。     

Systematic Review of Lifestyle Interventions for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

ObjectiveTo examine the characteristics and effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnancy and the postpartum period to prevent Type 2 diabetes.Data SourcesWe conducted searches in seven databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Ovid PsycInfo, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses for articles published from inception to January 2021.Study SelectionWe included articles on controlled intervention studies in which researchers evaluated a lifestyle intervention provided during pregnancy and the postpartum period for women with or at risk for GDM that were published in English.Data ExtractionTwelve articles that were reports of seven studies met the inclusion criteria. In some cases, more than one article was selected from the same study. For example, articles reported different outcomes from the same study. We extracted data with the use of a data collection form and compared and synthesized data on study design, purpose, sample, intervention characteristics, recruitment and retention, and outcomes.Data SynthesisAll seven studies focused on weight management and/or healthy lifestyle behaviors (diet and physical activity). Outcomes included glucose regulation, weight, lifestyle behaviors, and knowledge. The interventions varied in duration/dosage, strategies, and modes of delivery. In four studies, researchers reported interventions that had significant effects on improving glucose regulation and/or weight change. Some characteristics from the four effective interventions included goal setting, individualized care, and good retention rates. In the other three studies, limitations included low rates of participant retention, lack of personalized interventions, and limited population diversity or lack of culturally sensitive care.ConclusionLifestyle interventions provided during and after pregnancy to reduce the risk associated with GDM have the potential to improve outcomes. Health care counseling to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors related to the prevention of Type 2 diabetes is needed at different stages of maternity care for women with GDM. Additional high-quality studies are needed to address the limitations of current studies.     

Understanding Hispanic Patient Satisfaction with Telehealth During COVID-19

BackgroundRecent studies have described the use of telehealth for pediatric surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate equity in telehealth use by comparing rates of utilization and satisfaction with pediatric surgical telemedicine among Hispanic patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients seen by a surgical subspecialty provider in the outpatient setting at a quaternary pediatric hospital between April 1 and June 30, 2020. Patients evaluated in the same three-month period in 2019 were analyzed as a historic control. Differences in Family Experience Survey (FES) responses based on race and ethnicity and preferred language of care were assessed using univariable and multivariable generalized linear modeling.ResultsThe pandemic cohort included fewer patients of Hispanic ethnicity and fewer Spanish-speakers. After controlling for visit type, comparison of Spanish-speaking and English-speaking patients revealed that Spanish-speaking families had significantly lower scores for FES items that evaluated healthcare provider explaining (IRR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.90), listening (IRR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63–0.92), and time spent with the family (IRR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60–0.89). There were no differences in FES responses based on insurance status or degree of medical complexity.ConclusionsTelehealth services were less commonly used among Hispanic and Spanish-speaking patients. Language may differentially affect family satisfaction with healthcare and telehealth solutions. Strategies to mitigate these inequities are needed and may include strengthening interpreter services and providing language-concordant care.Level of evidenceLevel IV.     

Temporal changes in extra-axial brain hematoma's signal intensity in magnetic resonance images of trauma patients: A preliminary,technical study

IntroductionDating the exact or estimated time of trauma is an important issue facing forensic medicine. Several clinical and radiological methods were used to achieve this purpose. In the recent study, we aimed to track the changes in the signal intensity of the extra-axial brain hematoma using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conventional sequences as well as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).Materials and methodsConsidering inclusion and exclusion criteria, all patients with blunt head trauma were involved. After proper management., stabilization, and resuscitation, the participants were assessed using conventional sequences of MRI and DWI twenty-four hours, forty-eight hours, and three weeks after the injury. Temporal changes of signal intensity were compared by Wilcoxon ranged test.ResultsSixteen patients sustaining blunt head trauma were included in this study. The study showed that during the time, diffusion restriction could be seen in an extraaxial hematoma. At the first 24 hours, the signal of hematoma was void in 87.5% of DWI and 100% of ADC. On the second day, they were hypo-signal in 75% of DWI and 100% 0f ADCs, and after three weeks, 100% of cases were hyper-signal in DWI and hypo-signal ADCs.ConclusionThis preliminary study has shown that the DWI can be used to detect and track the extra-axial hematoma. The signal intensity was void during the first twentyfour hours, although it became hypo-signal after 48 hours. Of note, the diffusion restriction is noted after three weeks.     

产后瑜伽锻炼对阴道分娩产妇体型及盆底肌张力恢复的影响

目的探讨产后瑜伽锻炼对阴道分娩产妇体型及盆底肌张力恢复的影响。方法选取2019年8月-2020年8月我科行自然分娩的产妇480例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各240例。对照组产后行常规康复指导,观察组在对照组的基础上行瑜伽锻炼。比较两组干预前后产妇产后体型恢复、心理健康状况及盆底肌张力恢复情况。结果观察组干预后3个月焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组干预后3个月腰围、臀围、腹部皮皱、体质量指数优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组干预后3个月Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类纤维肌力评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论产后瑜伽锻炼有助于促进阴道分娩产妇体型及盆底肌张力恢复,减轻产妇产后焦虑、抑郁情绪,有助于产妇身心健康。