子痫前期血清脂联素反常升高与瘦素水平改变的相关性

目的探讨血清脂联素、瘦素和可溶性瘦素受体水平在子痫前期患者中的变化及其意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验方法检测38例子痫前期患者和42例正常妊娠（对照组）血清脂联素、瘦素和可溶性瘦素受体水平，并计算游离瘦素指数值（瘦素／可溶性瘦素受体）。结果子痫前期患者血清脂联素、瘦素和游离瘦素指数分别为1691，7μg／ml、37．5ng／ml和0．95，明显高于对照组（分别为689，4μg／ml、19．3ng／ml和0．49），但两组别间可溶性瘦素受体水平则未见明显差异（分别为35．0ng／ml和42，2ng／ml）。在脂联素和瘦素、可溶性瘦素受体及游离瘦素水平间并未见明显相关，子痫前期患者脂联素、瘦素和游离瘦素的ROC曲线下面积均低于0.5。结论子痫前期患者血清脂联素水平存在明显的反常升高，瘦素的生物利用度也明显提高，可能与子痫前期的发生发展有关。     

新疆地区单纯性肥胖儿童血清指标与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的关系北大核心CSCD

目的探讨新疆地区单纯性肥胖儿童血清学指标与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮(RAS)系统的关系, 为明确儿童肥胖发生机制提供依据。方法按照横断面研究, 采用整群随机抽样的方法选取新疆塔城地区单纯性肥胖儿童41例作为病例组, 年龄(10.04±1.66)岁。同期选取健康正常体质量儿童41例作为对照组, 年龄(10.12±1.68)岁。采用t检验比较2组研究对象血清中脂肪因子、胰岛素、RAS系统指标含量的差异, 采用Pearson检验分析单纯性肥胖儿童血清脂肪因子含量与RAS系统活性的相关性。结果病例组患儿血清中脂肪因子脂联素(APN)水平[(7.90±1.96) μg/L]低于对照组[(8.87±1.61) μg/L](P=0.017), 瘦素(LEP)[(6.81±1.88) ng/L比(5.87±1.79) ng/L]、抵抗素[(12.61±3.63) ng/L比(10.18±3.07) ng/L]均高于对照组(P=0.023、0.002)。病例组血清中RAS系统相关指标肾素[(35.78±10.08) ng/L比(29.24±10.69) ng/L](P=0.007)、醛固酮(ALD)[(106.90±20.18) ng/L比(97.68±17.60) ng/L](P=0.028)、血管紧张素-Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)[(55.65±10.37) ng/L比(48.78±9.26) ng/L](P=0.002)均高于对照组, 差异均有统计学意义。病例组患儿血清中脂肪因子APN含量与肾素、ALD、Ang-Ⅱ呈负相关(r=-0.646、-0.752、-0.839, 均P<0.001), 血清中瘦素、抵抗素含量与肾素、ALD、Ang-Ⅱ呈正相关(r=0.940、0.871、0.875;0.877、0.892、0.914, 均P<0.001)。结论新疆地区学龄期单纯性肥胖儿童血清中脂肪因子表达紊乱, 干扰机体RAS系统的活性。     

GW4064, a farnesoid X receptor agonist,upregulates adipokine expression in preadipocytes and HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of GW4064 on the expression of adipokines and their receptors during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and in HepG2 cells.METHODS: The mRNA expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPAR-γ2), adiponectin, leptin, resistin, adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), and the long isoform of leptin receptor (OB-Rb) and protein levels of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin were determined using fluorescent real-time PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes exposed to GW4064. Moreover, mRNA expression of AdipoR2 and OB-Rb was also examined using fluorescent real-time PCR at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h in HepG2 cells treated with GW4064.RESULTS: The mRNA expression of FXR, PPAR-γ2, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and OB-Rb and protein levels of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin increased along with differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (P < 0.05 for all). The mRNA expression of FXR, PPAR-γ2, adiponectin, leptin, and AdipoR2 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and AdipoR2 and OB-Rb in HepG2 cells was significantly increased after treatment with GW4064, when compared with the control group (P < 0.05 for all). A similar trend was observed for protein levels of adipokines (including adiponectin, leptin and resistin). However, the expression of resistin, AdipoR1, and OB-Rb in 3T3-L1 cells did not change after treatment with GW4064.CONCLUSION: The FXR agonist through regulating, at least partially, the expression of adipokines and their receptors could offer an innovative way for counteracting the progress of metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.     

Glypican-4与肥胖及胰岛素抵抗

Glypican-4是一种新的脂肪细胞因子,其在皮下和内脏脂肪组织中差异表达,并与体重指数、腰臀比密切相关.Glypican-4通过直接与胰岛素受体结合,发挥类似胰岛素的作用,促进葡萄糖的摄取和前脂肪细胞的分化.在肥胖和糖尿病等具有胰岛素抵抗的患者中,glypican-4可通过代偿性分泌增加,维持机体血糖水平正常.Glypican-4是第一个被发现能直接与胰岛素受体结合,发挥增强胰岛素信号转导作用的脂肪细胞因子.研究其在胰岛素信号转导方面的功能将可能为肥胖和糖尿病的诊治带来新的契机.     

Effects of short-term nonperiodized,linear periodized and daily undulating periodized resistance training on plasma adiponectin,leptin and insulin resistance

Objectives

Resistance training (RT) had a positive effect on musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and type 2 diabetes disease. Knowing about the influence of different types of RT on the adipokines involved in the insulin regulation could be useful for the treatment of insulin resistance or diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of nonperiodized vs. periodized RT on plasma adiponectin, leptin and insulin resistance index in overweight men.

Design and methods

Thirty two sedentary overweight men (mean ± SD; age, 23.4 ± 0.6 years) were allocated to one of the following (n = 8) groups: control group (CON), nonperiodized (NP), linear periodized (LP) and daily undulating periodized (DUP) training groups. Subjects in training groups performed RT protocols 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and 72 h after the training period and were analyzed for plasma adiponectin, leptin, glucose, and insulin.

Results

Insulin resistance decreased in all training groups but significant differences were only found between DUP and CON groups (P < 0.05). However, after 8 weeks of RT no significant changes were observed in plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations. Body fat percent and waist to hip ratio (WHR) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) following training, whereas, no significant changes were detected in body mass and BMI (P > 0.05). The maximum strength (1RM) for bench press and leg press increased after RT in all training groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Short-term periodized RT protocols can be an efficient training strategy for improving insulin resistance and muscular strength in overweight men, while, they have no significant influence on adiponectin and leptin.     

Macrophage recruitment in obese adipose tissue

Obesity is characterized as a chronic state of low‐grade inflammation with progressive immune cell infiltration into adipose tissues. Adipose tissue macrophages play critical roles in the establishment of the chronic inflammatory state and metabolic dysfunctions. The novel discovery that pro‐inflammatory macrophages are recruited to obese adipose tissue prompted an increased interest in the interplay between immune cells and metabolism. Since this discovery, many works have been published investigating the factors that lead to macrophage recruitment, the phenotypic change of adipose tissue macrophages, and metabolic dysfunctions. Adipokines and chemokines are key mediators that play crucial roles in crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages and in regulating the adipose tissue inflammation. In the present review, we discuss the obesity‐mediated adipose tissue remodelling, and particularly, the role of adipokines/chemokines in macrophage recruitment to obese adipose tissue. This review provides new insights into the physiological role of these factors and identifies a potential therapeutic target for obesity and associated disorders.