Manejo anestésico de las pacientes embarazadas tetrapléjicas durante el parto: una revisión sistemática

IntroductionPregnancy in spinal cord injured patients has specific issues that must be carefully addressed. However, guidelines for their management are scarce.MethodsA systematic review of the literature regarding the anaesthetic management during delivery of pregnant patients with cervical spinal cord injury was performed on the electronic databases of PubMed (Medline) and Cochrane.ResultsA higher incidence of preterm birth and caesarean delivery were seen. Anaesthetic management was diverse, although most pregnant patients received epidural analgesia. Autonomic dysreflexia symptoms were present in 51% of pregnancies.ConclusionTimely management of these patients could possibly reduce caesarean and preterm delivery rates, avoid or minimize common complications, as well as reduce costs. An early reference to anaesthesiology consultation and a multidisciplinary approach is recommended.     

针刺干预对单眼视觉剥夺模型大鼠视皮层方位柱“漂移”和异常重组的调节作用及其脑功能机制

探讨针刺干预对大鼠单眼视觉剥夺后视皮层方位柱“漂移”和通道重组的影响，初步阐明其作用机制。     

Electroacupuncture and acupuncture in the treatment of anxiety - A double blinded randomized parallel clinical trial

BackgroundThe estimated number of people living with anxiety disorders worldwide is around 264 million and is estimated to have worsened with the recent pandemic of COVID-19. Acupuncture has shown to have excellent therapeutic effects in reducing anxiety.DesignDouble-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial with 56 participants (21–82 years) with anxiety diagnosed by 3 different anxiety scales (BAI, GAD-7 and OASIS). A 30-min acupuncture session was applied once a week for 10 weeks.AimsEvaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture and electroacupuncture in the treatment of anxiety to verify if: (1) People with high anxiety report reduced scores after 5 and 10 sessions; (2) Salivary cortisol levels accompanied the reduced scores; (3) Electroacupuncture treatment is more effective than acupuncture; (4) the treatments is independent of anxiolytic medication.MethodsVolunteers were randomized into 3 groups (control, acupuncture, and electroacupuncture). The results were analyzed by anxiety scales and salivary cortisol tests.ResultsThe findings show an improvement in anxiety, assessed by BAI, GAD-7 and OASIS, after the 5th session of acupuncture (p < 0.05) and electroacupuncture (p < 0.05) and the 10th session for both techniques (p < 0.001). The salivary cortisol values measured in the morning followed this pattern (p < 0.05), although the reduction of the night cortisol values was not statistically significant. Electroacupuncture and acupuncture show similar efficacy. The positive effect after the treatments is independent of anxiolytic medication (p < 0.001).ConclusionAcupuncture and electroacupuncture are effective in treating anxiety on their own or as adjuncts to pharmacological therapy.Trial registration numberNºP445-08/2017 (Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde);     

针刺治疗慢性疼痛的功能磁共振研究述评＊

目的基于针刺治疗慢性疼痛的功能磁共振(Functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)文献进行述评,为针刺治疗慢性疼痛的机制研究提供思路和借鉴。方法对近10年针刺治疗慢性疼痛的fMRI研究进行回顾,依据病种选择、样本量计算、试验设计、研究结果四方面内容进行述评,分析并总结当前研究现状。结果偏头痛、膝骨关节炎和下腰痛是目前研究中涉及频次最高的3个病种。受试者的疾病亚型、年龄段、利手习惯及fMRI禁忌症在研究中基本都保证了一致性和规范性。但多数研究仍存在样本量计算方式不明确的问题。对照组设置主要包括标准对照、无效对照和安慰对照。针刺效应因素在各研究间存在较大差异。研究中结局指标包括疾病特异性量表、疼痛评分及心理、精神状态的评估。fMRI设计以静息态和单一任务态设计为主,多任务fMRI研究相对较少。研究证实针刺可调节疼痛处理网络的功能连接,有效建立心理物理疼痛稳态。结论运用fMRI探讨针刺治疗慢性疼痛作用机制的研究成果丰硕,未来可通过扩大病种的选择,完善质量控制,关注针刺效应影响因素,丰富数据处理手段,借鉴多学科任务设计方式等方式,促进针刺疗慢性疼痛机制研究的进一步发展。     

不同剂量羟考酮PCEA与PCIA用于前列腺术后镇痛效果比较

【摘要】 目的 探讨不同剂量羟考酮通过患者硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）与患者静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）用于前列腺术后的镇痛效果。 方法 选取在2018年1月~2020年1月期间于我院行前列腺术的210例患者，采用随机数字表法将患者分成A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3 6组，每组各35例。其中A1、A2、A3组术后镇痛采用PCIA方案，分别使用0.6mg/kg、0.8mg/kg、1.0mg/kg的羟考酮+托烷司琼10mg+0.9%氯化钠溶液至100mL；B1、B2、B3术后镇痛采取PCEA方案，分别使用0.6mg/kg、0.8mg/kg、1.0mg/kg的羟考酮+托烷司琼10mg+0.9%氯化钠溶液至100mL。比较手术前（T0）、术后6h(T1)、术后12h(T2)、术后24h(T3)及术后48h(T4)6组患者的生命体征、视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）及不良反应的发生情况。 结果 各组患者在不同时间点的MAP、HR及SPO2的水平比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。B1、B2、B3组患者分别在T1、T2、T3、T4时间的VAS评分显著低于A1、A2、A3组（均P＜0.05），A2、A3组患者分别在T1、T2、T3、T4时间的VAS评分显著低于A1组（均P＜0.05），B2、B3组患者分别在T1、T2、T3、T4时间的VAS评分显著低于B1组（均P＜0.05）。B1、B2、B3不良反应的发生率分别显著低于A1、A2、A3组（均P＜0.05）。B1、B2不良反应的发生率显著低于A2、A3组（P＜0.05），且A3组不良反应的发生率显著高于A1、A2，B3组的不良反应的发生率显著高于B1、B2组（均P＜0.05）。 结论 对前列腺手术患者术后，不同剂量羟考酮PCEA的镇痛效果及不良反应发生率均显著优于不同剂量羟考酮的PCIA，且当羟考酮的剂量为0.8mg/kg时，效果最佳。     

Significant reduction of postoperative pain and opioid analgesics requirement with an Enhanced Recovery After Thoracic Surgery protocol

ObjectiveTo evaluate differences in postoperative pain control and opioids requirement in thoracic surgical patients following implementation of an Enhanced Recovery after Thoracic Surgery protocol with a comprehensive postoperative pain management strategy.Material and MethodsA retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing pulmonary resections by robotic thoracoscopy or thoracotomy from January 1, 2017, to January 31, 2019, was conducted. Multimodal pain management strategy (opioid-sparing analgesics, infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine to intercostal spaces and surgical sites, and elimination of thoracic epidural analgesia use in thoracotomy patients) was implemented as part of Enhanced Recovery after Thoracic Surgery on February 1, 2018. Outcome metrics including patient-reported pain levels, in-hospital and postdischarge opioids use, postoperative complications, and length of stay were compared before and after protocol implementation.ResultsIn total, 310 robotic thoracoscopy and 62 thoracotomy patients met the inclusion criteria. This pain management strategy was associated with significant reduction of postoperative pain in both groups with an overall reduction of postoperative opioids requirement. Median in-hospital opioids use (morphine milligram equivalent per day) was reduced from 30 to 18.36 (P = .009) for the robotic thoracoscopy group and slightly increased from 15.48 to 21.0 (P = .27) in the thoracotomy group. More importantly, median postdischarge opioids prescribed (total morphine milligram equivalent) was significantly reduced from 480.0 to 150.0 (P < .001) and 887.5 to 150.0 (P < .001) for the thoracoscopy and thoracotomy groups, respectively. Similar short-term perioperative outcomes were observed in both groups before and following protocol implementation.ConclusionsImplementation of Enhanced Recovery after Thoracic Surgery allows safe elimination of epidural use, better pain control, and less postoperative opioids use, especially a drastic reduction of postdischarge opioid need, without adversely affecting outcomes.     

Obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia in SARS-CoV-2-positive parturients across 10 maternity units in the north-west of England: a retrospective cohort study

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies have reported anaesthetic outcomes in parturients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We reviewed the labour analgesic and anaesthetic interventions utilised in symptomatic and asymptomatic parturients who had a confirmed positive test for SARS-CoV-2 across 10 hospitals in the north-west of England between 1 April 2020 and 31 May 2021. Primary outcomes analysed included the analgesic/anaesthetic technique utilised for labour and caesarean birth. Secondary outcomes included a comparison of maternal characteristics, caesarean birth rate, maternal critical care admission rate along with adverse composite neonatal outcomes. A positive SARS-CoV-2 test was recorded in 836 parturients with 263 (31.4%) reported to have symptoms of COVID-19. Neuraxial labour analgesia was utilised in 104 (20.4%) of the 509 parturients who went on to have a vaginal birth. No differences in epidural analgesia rates were observed between symptomatic and asymptomatic parturients (OR 1.03, 95%CI 0.64–1.67; p = 0.90). The neuraxial anaesthesia rate in 310 parturients who underwent caesarean delivery was 94.2% (95%CI 90.6–96.0%). The rates of general anaesthesia were similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic parturients (6% vs. 5.7%; p = 0.52). Symptomatic parturients were more likely to be multiparous (OR 1.64, 95%CI 1.19–2.22; p = 0.002); of Asian ethnicity (OR 1.54, 1.04–2.28; p = 0.03); to deliver prematurely (OR 2.16, 95%CI 1.47–3.19; p = 0.001); have a higher caesarean birth rate (44.5% vs. 33.7%; OR 1.57, 95%CI 1.16–2.12; p = 0.008); and a higher critical care utilisation rate both pre- (8% vs. 0%, p = 0.001) and post-delivery (11% vs. 3.5%; OR 3.43, 95%CI 1.83–6.52; p = 0.001). Eight neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 while no differences in adverse composite neonatal outcomes were observed between those born to symptomatic and asymptomatic mothers (25.8% vs. 23.8%; OR 1.11, 95%CI 0.78–1.57; p = 0.55). In women with COVID-19, non-neuraxial analgesic regimens were commonly utilised for labour while neuraxial anaesthesia was employed for the majority of caesarean births. Symptomatic women with COVID-19 are at increased risk of significant maternal morbidity including preterm birth, caesarean birth and peripartum critical care admission.     

《针灸大成》关于气海穴临床应用的文献研究

目的:通过检索《针灸大成》中与气海穴治疗作用相关的文献条文,总结气海穴在治疗各系统疾病中运用频次较高的疾病及其配穴规律,为临床针灸对气海穴的使用提供理论支持。方法:以《中华医典》(第五版)中《针灸大成》作为文献检索来源,将气海穴及气海穴的别称“脖胦”“下肓”“丹田”“肓之原”“肓原”“下言”和“气泽”为检索词,用计算机检索工具及人工检索相结合的方法检索符合要求的文献条文,通过建立本研究的数据库,频次分析、条形统计图比较分析等方法,总结出气海穴在治疗各系统疾病中的运用频次及其配穴规律。结果:在《针灸大成》所涉及的条文中,气海穴尤善治疗内科疾病,在治疗内科疾病中排名前3位的是脾胃系病症、气血津液疾病、肾系病症和妇科疾病,气海穴配穴习惯为上下配穴法,同名经配穴法,以及前后配穴法,其中主要为前后配穴法和同名经配穴法。结论:气海穴《针灸大成》中单穴应用占比最高,而在气海穴众多配穴中,运用了本经配穴法、上下配穴法、前后配穴法,配穴归经主要来自任脉和足太阳膀胱经。同名经配穴法,同气相求,可增加疗效;与气海穴配伍较多的足太阳膀胱经以背腧穴为主,此为前后配穴法,亦称腹背阴阳配穴法,腹部为阴,腰背为阳,前后配穴法可起到“从阳引阴”亦可“从阴引阳”的作用,以达到调节阴阳,调和脏法,调畅经络的目的。     

应用磁共振波谱研究针刺合谷穴前额叶神经递质Glu与GABA相关性＊

目的 探讨手针针刺健康受试者右侧合谷穴，前额叶Glu⁺、Glx⁺及GABA⁺浓度变化差异及相关性，从兴奋和抑制性神经递质关系方面初步探讨针刺效应的脑机制。方法 录入健康志愿者76名，随机接受手针及纤毛针两种刺激，并采集刺激前和刺激时BOLD功能磁共振脑成像（fMRI）及磁共振波谱（MRS）数据，分析手针和纤毛针组刺激前与刺激时Glu⁺、Glx⁺、GABA⁺浓度差异及相关性，以及Glu⁺、Glx⁺与GABA⁺浓度的相关性。结果 手针及纤毛针组间和组内各亚组（依据不同BOLD信号）针刺前与针刺时Glu⁺、Glx⁺、GABA⁺浓度差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。但手针组整组的Glu⁺、Glx⁺、GABA⁺，零、负激活亚组的Glu⁺、Glx⁺和零激活GABA⁺针刺前与针刺时浓度呈正相关（P均<0.05）。针刺前手针组整组、零、负激活亚组的Glu⁺、Glx⁺均与GABA⁺呈正相关q（P均<0.05）；纤毛针组整组、正、负激活亚组Glu⁺、Glx⁺均与GABA⁺及零激活Glu⁺与GABA⁺均呈正相关（P均<0.05）；针刺时手针组整组、负激活亚组Glu⁺与GABA⁺呈正相关，零激活亚组Glx⁺与GABA⁺呈正相关（P均<0.05）。结论 针刺前与针刺时Glu⁺、Glx⁺与GABA⁺多呈正相关，可作为针刺脑机制研究的神经递质观察指标。