组学时代医学检验专业教学的探索与实践

人类基因组计划完成后,生命科学研究进入到＂组学＂的研究时代,这给临床医学的发展带来了无限的希望,这些新技术、新理念、新思维被引入医学检验领域,为其提供了广大的发展空间,在此契机下,我们医学检验教育也围绕组学教育方向从办学模式、课程和实验教学体系改革、师资队伍建设和搭建产学研平台等方面进行了探索与实践。     

Multidimensionality of microarrays: statistical challenges and (im)possible solutions

A typical array experiment yields at least tens of thousands of measurements on often not more than a hundred patients, a situation often denoted as the curse of dimensionality. With a focus on prognostic multi-biomarker scores derived from microarrays, we highlight the multidimensionality of the problem and the issues in the multidimensionality of the data. We go over several statistical challenges raised by this curse occurring in each step of microarray analysis on patient data, from the hypothesis and the experimental design to the analysis methods, interpretation of results and clinical utility. Different analytical tools and solutions to answer these challenges are provided and discussed.     

用系统方法探讨中医证的本质

在反思过去研究中受朴素还原论错误影响的基础上试用系统方法探讨中医证的本质中医的证可以理解为整体作为一个系统对病因作出反应所处的一种状态,这种整体反应状态从系统科学角度看是一种整体涌现现象.     

Normal cell phenotypes of breast epithelial cells provide the foundation of a breast cancer taxonomy

The current classification system for breast cancer is based on expression of empirical prognostic and predictive biomarkers. As an alternative, we propose a hypothesis-based ontological breast cancer classification modeled after the taxonomy of species in evolutionary biology. This approach uses normal breast epithelial cell types and differentiation lineages as the gold standard to classify tumors. We show that there are at least eleven previously undefined normal cell types in human breast epithelium and that each breast carcinoma is related to one of these normal cell types. We find that triple negative breast cancers do not have a ‘basal-like’ phenotype. Normal breast epithelial cells conform to four novel hormonal differentiation states and almost all human breast tumors duplicate one of these hormonal differentiation states which have significant survival differences. This ontological classification scheme provides actionable treatment strategies and provides an alternative approach for understanding tumor biology with wide-ranging implications for tumor taxonomy.