呼吸机相关性肺炎应用一次性湿热交换器的预防效果研究

目的:研究分析应用一次性湿热交换器预防呼吸机相关性肺炎的效果。方法:选取重度颅脑外伤住院患者90例,全部患者均构建人工气道,以随机数字法将其划分成研究组与对照组,两组患者例数均为45例,研究组患者应用一次性湿热交换器,对照组患者应用常规湿化,对比分析两组患者1 h后气道内平均温度、湿化满意度、多重耐药菌感染率以及呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率。结果:和对照组相比较,研究组1 h后气道内平均温度(26.2±1.3℃)和湿化满意度(93.3%)均比较高,同时多重耐药菌感染率(4.4%)和呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率(2.2%)少,组间数据比较差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经研究结果的分析可知,对于机械通气患者应用一次性湿热交换器,可预防和减少呼吸机相关性肺炎和多重耐药菌感染的的发生,同时还可提高患者湿化满意度,有利于治疗效果和预后的改善,值得应用与推广。     

52例非机械通气人工气道患者气道湿化的护理体会

目的总结52例带有人工气道患者非机械通气时气道湿化的护理体会。方法持续气道加温湿化;充分补充水分,保证液体平衡;加强基础护理及心理护理;严密观察病情,准确评估湿化效果。结果 52例患者中有3例出现湿化过度,改为间断湿化。均无气道阻塞、出血、痰痂形成,湿化效果满意。结论对非机械通气人工气道患者气道湿化时采取正确的护理方法,可提高湿化效果,避免并发症的发生。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

高流量吸氧与面罩吸氧在胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后氧疗效果对比

目的观察高流量湿化吸氧与常规面罩吸氧在食管癌患者行胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后治疗的临床效果。方法将36例择期行胸腔镜辅助下食管癌根治术后患者随机分为常规面罩吸氧对照组(A组)和高流量湿化吸氧治疗组(B组),对两组患者治疗2 h、6 h和24 h后的呼吸频率、动脉血气分析等指标进行比较,了解两种吸氧方式在食管癌患者行胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后治疗上的优劣。结果两组患者治疗2 h、6 h和24 h的呼吸频率、动脉血气分析发现,A组动脉氧饱和度、动脉血氧分压较B组降低,动脉血二氧化碳分压、呼吸频率较B组增高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论与常规面罩吸氧比较,高流量湿化面罩吸氧可以使胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后患者有更满意的氧合效果,值得在临床上推广。     

一种简便的呼吸机湿化器加水方法

使用呼吸机辅助呼吸，在湿化器加水过程中，我院传统的加水方法为用50ml注射器抽吸灭菌注射用水，加入湿化器中，每次加水要反复抽吸灭菌注射用水多次才能加至所需的刻度。在临床实践中发现这样加水费力、费时，现摸索出一种简便、易行的加水方法，介绍如下。     

微波在滴眼瓶消毒中的应用

通常所谓微波，是指频率在300MHz～3000MHz之间的电磁波．2450兆赫是常用消毒微波之一。微波不仅可以杀灭细菌繁殖体，也可以杀灭真菌、病毒和细菌芽孢，其杀菌机制除有热效应外，还具有某些非热效应。另外微波具有吸收性，容易被含有水份的物体吸收而转变成热能；微波还具有穿透性，可以穿透玻璃、纸张、陶瓷、聚乙烯等绝缘材料而不被吸收。因此，微波在医院制剂包装材料消毒方面具有一定的利用价值。     

分瓶法测定果蝇吸入麻醉药半数麻醉有效浓度

目的　建立测定果蝇吸入麻醉药半数麻醉有效浓度 (ED50 )的方法学。方法　在 11个 32 5ml的三角烧瓶中各放入 30只雄性果蝇 ,分别加入不同容量的异氟醚标准气 ,使 11个烧瓶中异氟醚浓度分布在零效应浓度与百分之百效应浓度之间。以果蝇失去附壁及运动能力为标准计算各瓶中被麻醉果蝇数 ,用正规法计算出ED50 。结果　 11次实验在 2 5及 5 0min时的量 -效关系曲线均呈S形 ,用各自的对数浓度与概率单位作图都呈直线相关 ,相关系数分别为 0 .972± 0 .0 14和 0 .971± 0 .0 2 5 ,ED50 值分别为 (0 .5 1± 0 .0 6 8) %和 (0 .4 7± 0 .0 85 ) % ,变异系数分别为 13.3%和 18.0 %。结论　本法稳定性较好 ,实用可行     

脑室引流瓶固定架的制作与应用

行脑室外引流术的患者其一次性脑室引流瓶常规固定在床头，此固定方法存在诸多弊端，如操作繁琐、调整高度不方便、固定不牢靠等，尤其对烦燥患者不实用。为解决上述问题，我科设计制作了脑室引流瓶固定架，2002年以来运用于200多例患者，无1例发生引流管脱出，临床效果满意，现报告如下。     

严重创伤患者的呼吸道急救护理与护理体会

对不同程度的呼吸道梗阻的严重创伤患者，采用吸痰、吸氧、口咽通气和使用呼吸道湿化等系列护理方法，提高了血氧饱和度。保持了呼吸道的通畅，这一救护方法为专科进一步救治争取了时间，提高了患者的抢救成功率。