膳食炎症指数与炎症的相关性及研究进展

膳食炎症指数(DII)来源于将饮食和炎症联系起来的文献,被开发用来量化饮食的整体炎症潜能。饮食在调节慢性炎症中起着核心作用,是重要的调节因子,如果饮食的炎症潜能很高,则能够激发免疫调节作用,引起慢性炎症。DII可用于评估和指导个人饮食计划。本研究收集国外相关文献,就DII与炎症之间的相关性予以综述,以期通过减少饮食中的炎性成分而对慢性炎症引起的相关疾病进行一级预防。     

Deciphering the roles of caveolin in neurodegenerative diseases: The good,the bad and the importance of context

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which contribute to progressive and irreversible impairments of both the structure and function of the nervous system, pose a substantial socioeconomic burden on society. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, membrane damage, DNA damage, and abnormal protein degradation pathways play pivotal roles in the etiology of NDDs. Recently, growing evidence has demonstrated that caveolins are important in the pathology of NDDs due to their cellular functions in signal transduction, endocytosis, transcytosis, cholesterol transport, and lipid homeostasis. Given the significance of caveolins, here we review the literature to clarify their molecular mechanisms and roles in NDDs. We first briefly introduce the general background on caveolins. Next, we focus on the various important functions of caveolins in the brain. Finally, we emphasize recent progress regarding caveolins, especially Cav-1, which exert both benefit and unfavorable effects in NDDs such as AD and PD. Collectively, the data presented here should advance the investigation of caveolins for the future development of innovative strategies for the treatment of NDDs.     

痛泻四神汤腹泻型肠易激综合征的胃肠激素水平变化及临床意义观察

目的:探究痛泻四神汤对腹泻型肠易激综合征胃肠激素水平的影响。方法:选取2017年2月至2018年6月西安市中医医院收治的腹泻型肠易激综合征患者124例作为研究对象,按照就诊顺序编号随机分为对照组和观察组,每组62例。对照组给予西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用痛泻四神汤加减治疗,均治疗2周。观察和比较2组治疗前后淋巴细胞指标CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+变化,观察并比较2组治疗前后胃肠激素指标血浆胃动素(MOT)、降钙素相关基因肽(CGRP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、生长抑素(SS)、一氧化氮(NO)变化;观察并比较2组治疗前后在γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、神经肽Y(NPY)含量变化;观察并比较2组治疗前后临床症状腹痛、腹胀、肠鸣失气、急躁易怒、神疲乏力、纳呆食少症状评分变化;治疗过程中进行不良反应记录,治疗结束后进行统计。结果:1)2组患者治疗前CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后2组CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+较治疗前均显著上升,CD8^+显著下降(均P<0.05);治疗后观察组患者CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+显著高于对照组,CD8^+显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)2组治疗前MOT、CGRP、VIP、SS、NO比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后2组MOT、NO较治疗前显著升高,CGRP、VIP、SS显著下降(P<0.05);治疗后观察组CGRP、VIP、SS显著低于对照组,MOT、NO显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)2组治疗前IFN-γ、5-HT、NPY比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后2组IFN-γ、5-HT、NPY较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05);治疗后观察组IFN-γ、5-HT、NPY显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4)2组治疗前腹痛、腹胀、肠鸣失气、急躁易怒、神疲乏力、纳呆食少积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后2组以上各症状评分较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05);治疗后观察组以上各积分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。5)2组口干、头痛、皮疹、胃肠道反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:痛泻四神汤能改善腹泻型肠易激综合征胃肠激素水平,改善临床症状,提高机体免疫力,提高疗效。     

肿瘤坏死因子α增强全反式维甲酸诱导早幼粒白血病细胞凋亡

目的:分析肿瘤坏死因子α增强全反式维甲酸诱导早幼粒白血病细胞凋亡的作用。方法:选择NB4人急性早幼粒白血病细胞，利用全反式维甲酸单独作用，并选择肿瘤坏死因子α联合全反式维甲酸作用，测定细胞增殖以及细胞凋亡情况。结果:随着早幼粒白血病细胞分化的逐渐进行，单一组、联合组的细胞增殖速度均慢慢下降；随着早幼粒白血病细胞分化的逐渐加深，单一组、联合组细胞凋亡率慢慢升高；分化2天，联合组细胞CD11b阳性率明显高于单一组，P<0.05。结论:全反式维甲酸具有诱导早幼粒白血病细胞分化、凋亡的作用，而肿瘤坏死因子α会增强全反式维甲酸的作用效果。     

大鼠骨癌痛模型中脊髓背角神经元与星型胶质细胞相互联系的研究

目的:研究大鼠骨癌痛模型中脊髓背角神经元与星型胶质细胞相互联系。方法:利用Walker256乳腺癌细胞建立大鼠骨癌痛模型后，分别鞘内注射药物阻断神经元的活化（c-Fos反义寡核苷酸探针，c-Fos ASO）和星形胶质细胞的活化（L-α-aminoadipate，L-α-AA），然后分别检测大鼠痛行为学改变；利用免疫荧光染色法和Western blot实验检测大鼠脊髓背角神经元活化标记物c-Fos和星形胶质细胞标记物GFAP的表达变化。结果:骨癌痛大鼠出现了显著的痛行为学改变并激活了脊髓背角神经元和星形胶质细胞，表现为早期c-Fos和晚期GFAP的表达增加。鞘内注射c-Fos ASO或L-α-AA均有明显镇痛效果。免疫荧光染色提示c-Fos ASO不仅能显著抑制骨癌痛大鼠神经元的活化，而且对星形胶质细胞的活化也有抑制作用。与此同时，Western blot显示L-α-AA不但抑制了星形胶质细胞的活化，也缩短了神经元的活化时间。结论:神经元和星形胶质细胞相互联系伴随着骨癌痛的发生发展。因此，研究新的镇痛策略，应综合考虑两者的协调关系。     

Biodegradable Polydioxanone Microspheres for Transcatheter Arterial Embolization: Proof of Principle

PurposeTo evaluate feasibility, embolization success, biodegradability, reperfusion, and biocompatibility of biodegradable microspheres (MS) made from polydioxanone (PDO) for transcatheter arterial embolization.Materials and MethodsUnilateral selective renal embolization of a segmental artery was performed in 16 New Zealand White rabbits with PDO-MS (100–150 μm and 90–315 μm). Animals were randomly assigned to different observation periods and underwent control digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and MR imaging immediately (n = 3), 1 week (n = 2), 4 weeks (n = 2), 8 weeks (n = 2), 12 weeks (n = 5), and 16 weeks (n = 2) after embolization. Kidneys were harvested for macroscopic and histologic analysis of embolization success, biodegradability, and biocompatibility.ResultsEmbolization was technically successful in 15 of 16 animals. One animal died of anesthesia-related circulatory failure. The 100–150 μm MS were injected easily through 3-F catheters; the 90–315 μm MS tended to clog with intermittent catheter obstruction. DSA and MR imaging showed successful target embolization in 13 of 15 animals. In 2 animals, the entire kidney was affected owing to catheter clogging, including a reflux of MS while flushing. Control DSA and MR imaging showed increasing vascular reperfusion with time. Macroscopic and histologic analysis revealed necrosis/infarction in areas in which embolization was achieved. MS were extensively degraded after 16 weeks, and overall inflammatory reaction was mild.ConclusionsBiodegradable PDO-MS induced effective embolization of target vessels while demonstrating good biocompatibility. MS increasingly dissolved at 16 weeks, partial reperfusion started at week 1, and complete reperfusion started at week 8, thus offering possible advantages as a temporary embolic agent.     

从厥阴论治溃疡性结肠炎

溃疡性结肠炎涉及或寒、或热、或寒热错杂、或风火相煽、或肝气橫逆脾土等证型,其寒热夹杂、阴阳变动、变化迅速的特点与厥阴气机下陷、厥阴气机直升、厥阴中化等特点相契合。厥阴下陷生寒,可见大便溏稀、白多赤少、畏寒、肢冷等症,当补肝体助肝用、温益元阳以固护萌芽之气;厥阴直升化热,可见下利脓血、赤多白少、腹胀、腹痛、口渴咽干、牙龈肿痛等症,当清热解毒、涩肠止痢,同时顾护既脱之元气;厥阴中化化火,可见大便夹杂脓血、肛门坠胀、胸胁满闷、干呕、默默不欲饮食、善太息等症,当以甘而缓急、散瘀清热为法以透达郁热。临床上,从厥阴气机下陷、厥阴气机直升、厥阴中化三方面综合分析溃疡性结肠炎,并结合厥阴肝与中焦脾胃五行相克的关系,在整个治疗过程考虑中宫土气、顾护中焦,可相对全面地理解溃疡性结肠炎的症状及病机变化特点,提高临床疗效。     

真武汤联合厄贝沙坦、美托洛尔治疗心肾综合征患者的临床效果

目的研究真武汤联合厄贝沙坦、美托洛尔治疗心肾综合征患者的临床效果。方法选取2016年5月至2019年5月我院收治的100例心肾综合征患者为研究对象,根据入院顺序随机将其分为对照组与观察组,各50例。对照组给予厄贝沙坦、美托洛尔治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予真武汤治疗。比较两组的临床疗效。结果治疗后,两组患者的Scr、BUN、BNP水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的CRP、IL-18、TNF-α水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的ET-1水平均降低,NO水平均升高,观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论真武汤联合厄贝沙坦、美托洛尔治疗心肾综合征患者具有显著的协同作用,且能够降低患者的血清炎症因子水平,值得临床推广应用。     

1例溃疡性结肠炎合并坏疽性脓皮病的个案报道

坏疽性脓皮病(PG)是一种复杂的嗜中性粒细胞皮肤病,通常与全身性炎症性疾病相关,最常见的是炎症性肠病(IBD)。由于对发病机制的不完全了解,缺乏标准化治疗方案,因此治疗具有挑战性。近期临床研究在此类疾病的发病机制方面已经有了新的进展,并且认为其是自发性炎症过程。这篇个案报道旨在提供1例典型病例,探讨PG的临床特点及治疗。