下颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术应用研究进展

低位颈椎(C3～7)亦称为下颈椎,其活动度较大且应力分布集中,为颈椎病好发部位.在脊柱内固定出现之前,颈椎病主要采用非手术治疗,包括药物、牵引、外固定器等.随着外科手术的发展和内固定器械的进步,侧块螺钉和椎弓根螺钉内固定技术的应用,为创伤性和非创伤性颈椎疾患的刚性内固定奠定了基础.椎弓根螺钉由于其独特的生物力学优势,越来越多地应用于颈椎创伤、退行性颈椎病、颈椎肿瘤等疾病的治疗.然而,由于下颈椎椎弓根解剖结构及毗邻关系复杂,手术风险及难度均较大,对术者操作技术要求较高.如何提高置钉的安全性并降低并发症发生率,备受脊柱外科医师关注.本文通过广泛查阅近年国内外下颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术的相关文献,对其临床应用情况进行分析总结,以期为临床工作提供参考和借鉴,现综述如下.     

白芥子提取物抑制前列腺增生的实验研究[Ⅱ]

目的:研究白芥子提取物抑制前列腺增生的活性成分和作用机理。方法:采用丙酸睾酮诱导的去势小鼠前列腺增生;组胺诱导的小鼠皮肤毛细血管通透性增加;滤纸片埋藏诱发的大鼠皮下肉芽肿为动物模型。从白芥子提取物中分离得到的白芥子苷和白芥子β-谷甾醇为药效研究对象。结果:白芥子苷(16.0,8.0mg·kg^-1·d^-1)和β-谷甾醇(16.0,8.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)均能明显降低由丙酸睾酮诱发的去势小鼠前列腺增生,降低小鼠血清酸性磷酸酶活力(P<0.01或P<0.05);白芥子苷(16.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)能明显降低滤纸片埋藏引起的大鼠肉芽肿增殖(P<0.05);β-谷甾醇(8.0,16.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)能明显降低组胺诱发的小鼠毛细血管通透性增加(P<0.05)。结论:白芥子苷、β-谷甾醇具有抗雄激素和抗炎活性。     

3L自动发酵罐中西罗莫司的发酵研究

采用美国NBS公司生产的BIOFLO3000型3L发酵罐进行西罗莫司发酵代谢过程的考察和代谢参数的累积,建立了较为适应的西罗莫司发酵条件,罐上发酵水平与摇瓶发酵水平相当.     

气相色谱法测定动物性食品中二氯二甲吡啶酚的研究

〔目的〕建立一种快速测定动物性食品中二氯二甲吡啶酚的方法。〔方法〕在超声振荡下用甲醇提取动物性食品试样中残留的二氯二甲吡啶酚 ,提取液通过氧化铝柱和阴离子交换柱进行净化 ,然后经乙酰化后 ,用气相色谱法测定。〔结果〕方法在 0 -2 .5 μg ml范围呈良好的线性关系 ,其相关系数为 0 .9992 ;方法最小检测量为 8.0× 10 - 3mg Kg ;方法的平均回收率大于 90 .0 % ,相对标准偏差为 4.2 %。〔结论〕该方法是一种快速、简便、灵敏度较高的检测动物性食品中二氯二甲吡啶酚的方法。     

尺骨截骨矫形术治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折35例

目的介绍应用尺骨截骨矫形术治疗儿童陈旧性盂氏骨折的临床经验，评估其临床疗效。方法对35例儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折患儿，采用Boycl切口，显露尺骨上段，肱骨头及脱位的桡骨头，将尺骨上段楔形截断，将桡骨头复位后用克氏针固定，并矫正尺骨成角及短缩畸形，用钢板固定。术后X线摄片随访。结果35例截骨部均愈合，平均愈合时间为6个月，元畸形愈合，随访9～24个月，桡骨小头与肱骨小头关系均已恢复，肘部功能全部改善。合并桡神经损伤者均恢复神经功能，平均恢复时间为术后3个月。结论应用尺骨截骨矫形术治疗儿童陈旧性盂氏骨折，能矫正前臂及肘部畸形，恢复肘关节功能，是一种行之有效的治疗方法。     

Observations on the therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus tuina on retention of urine

将118例尿潴留患者随机分为2组,即针灸推拿治疗组和药物注射治疗组分别进行治疗观察.结果2组疗效有显著差异.并对2组治疗效果、治疗次数、疗效影响等比较分析,提示针灸推拿组显效率明显优于药物注射组.反映针灸配合推拿治疗尿潴留是临床一种较好的治疗方法.     

Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy on TLRs in acne lesions and keratinocytes co-cultured with P. acnes

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the expression of Toll like receptors (TLRs) in human keratinocytes and its role in acne treatment.MethodsTLR2 and TLR4 expression in acne lesions before and after ALA-PDT were examined by immunohistochemical assay. Primary keratinocytes were obtained from acne lesions, co-cultured with P. acnes and then treated with ALA-PDT using red or blue LED. Cytokines production were examined by ELISA, TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression by real-time PCR, and TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression by Western-blot assay.ResultsThe overexpression of TLR2 and TLR4 in acne lesion were detected, which became negative or weaker after ALA-PDT. The infection of P. acnes in keratinocytes could significantly increase the levels of early inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1α, TNF-α and IL-8) (P < 0.05). Such responses could be inhibited by ALA-PDT. P. acnes infection could also significantly increase TLR2 and TLR4 expressions in keratinocytes (P < 0.05), which could be down-regulated by ALA-PDT.ConclusionsALA-PDT could inhibit innate immune responses in keratinocytes treated with P. acnes via TLRs pathways.     

欧洲药物滥用预防质量标准评介

药物滥用预防活动需要质量控制,需要一个精细化、可衡量、可实施、过程化的质量标准来提升其有效性。欧洲药物滥用预防质量标准是关于如何实施高质量药物滥用预防活动的欧洲统一参考框架和最佳实践。它以项目周期的方式呈现药物滥用预防活动整个生命周期过程的标准全覆盖和每一项目阶段的精细化管控,促进各国药物滥用预防工作者重新思考和定位本国的药物滥用预防活动质量。     

Optimization of advanced Wiener estimation methods for Raman reconstruction from narrow-band measurements in the presence of fluorescence background

Raman spectroscopy has shown great potential in biomedical applications. However, intrinsically weak Raman signals cause slow data acquisition especially in Raman imaging. This problem can be overcome by narrow-band Raman imaging followed by spectral reconstruction. Our previous study has shown that Raman spectra free of fluorescence background can be reconstructed from narrow-band Raman measurements using traditional Wiener estimation. However, fluorescence-free Raman spectra are only available from those sophisticated Raman setups capable of fluorescence suppression. The reconstruction of Raman spectra with fluorescence background from narrow-band measurements is much more challenging due to the significant variation in fluorescence background. In this study, two advanced Wiener estimation methods, i.e. modified Wiener estimation and sequential weighted Wiener estimation, were optimized to achieve this goal. Both spontaneous Raman spectra and surface enhanced Raman spectra were evaluated. Compared with traditional Wiener estimation, two advanced methods showed significant improvement in the reconstruction of spontaneous Raman spectra. However, traditional Wiener estimation can work as effectively as the advanced methods for SERS spectra but much faster. The wise selection of these methods would enable accurate Raman reconstruction in a simple Raman setup without the function of fluorescence suppression for fast Raman imaging.OCIS codes: (170.5660) Raman spectroscopy, (240.6695) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging, (110.4234) Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging