搏动型心室辅助装置大动物模型的建立

目的 建立可用于搏动型心室辅助装置动物实验的大动物模型。 方法　选取实验动物小尾寒羊3只,麻醉后建立动静脉通路,左侧开胸建立体外循环,心脏诱颤,心尖部打孔缝合心尖插管,降主动脉缝合主动脉插管,连接NPVAD,启动驱动器,观察血泵运转情况和实验动物情况。结果 血泵运转良好,血泵随驱动器正压负压驱动血液单向流动。同时动物左心室负荷减轻,动脉血压升高。结论 建立搏动型心室辅助装置的大动物模型对于进行国产化心室辅助装置的研发具有重要意义。     

microRNA调控间充质干细胞成骨分化的研究进展

间充质干细胞是一类体内广泛存在的多能干细胞,具有多向分化潜能,为多种组织器官提供保护及损伤修复。近年来,间充质干细胞向成骨细胞诱导分化用于治疗骨代谢等相关性疾病已成为热点。microRNA（miRNA）作为生物体内重要的小分子非编码RNA,通过转录后调控影响基因表达,参与各种生命过程。研究显示,多种不同的miRNA在间充质干细胞向成骨分化过程中起着核心调节作用。本文结合相关文献,对miRNA调控间充质干细胞成骨分化的作用及机制归纳总结,以帮助全面了解靶向miRNA治疗骨代谢性相关疾病的潜能。     

血流感染分子诊断的研究进展

血流感染是一种严重的全身感染性疾病,血培养仍是目前诊断细菌性血流感染的金标准,但仅有30%~40%的血流感染可通过培养发现致病菌。分子生物学方法可通过分析患者血液标本中病原微生物的核酸成分,快速提供准确的细菌、真菌或病毒感染信息,甚至提供常见病原菌的耐药基因检测结果。目前,应用于临床实验室血流感染检测的分子生物学技术主要包括核酸杂交技术、核酸扩增及DNA序列分析、基因芯片和质谱检测技术等。对常见致病菌、分枝杆菌、苛养菌、少见病原菌等使用多种检测技术联合应用进行快速鉴定及耐药分析,可以在较短时间内为临床提供可靠的诊断结果,提示临床合理用药,提高血流感染患者的存活率。     

武警某部军人慢性前列腺炎样症状的调查研究

目的 了解武警军人慢性前列腺炎样症状的发病情况并研究在部队特殊环境下的发病因素,为进一步探讨其发病机制与针对性治疗提供依据.方法 应用自制问卷和美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状指数(NIH-CPSI)对301名武警某部军人进行调查.结果 (1)慢性前列腺炎样症状阳性率为23.6％.(2)单因素分析结果,年龄、BMI、...     

何立群教授运用中医药治疗慢性肾脏病经验集锦

慢性肾脏病目前是全球性的公共健康问题,但慢性肾脏病发病初期临床表现及体征较少,很容易被忽视,若未在早中期给予及时治疗,将很快进展至终末期肾病(ESRD)。现作者就何立群教授运用中医药治疗慢性肾脏病的临床思路及经验进行整理总结,并附验案1则,与诸同道共享。     

儿童终末期肝病模型评分用于预测婴幼儿活体肝移植预后的作用

目的探讨儿童终末期肝病模型(PELD)评分系统用于预测婴幼儿活体肝移植预后的作用。方法回顾性分析2006年10月至2012年12月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院肝脏外科收治的101例小儿活体肝移植临床资料。患儿术前诊断均为胆道闭锁。术前对每例患儿进行PELD评分,根据PELD评分将患儿分为两组:低分组(PELD评分16分,62例)和高分组(PELD评分≥16分,39例)。比较两组患儿围手术期的基本情况及术后并发症发生率。结果两组患儿的手术年龄和体重差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05),但两组性别、移植物(肝)重量/受体的体重、供肝冷缺血时间、术中失血量等差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。PELD高分组患儿移植术后的肺部感染和胆道并发症发生率均明显高于低分组(均为P0.05)。结论术前PELD评分可用于预测婴幼儿肝移植的预后,为婴幼儿肝移植的围手术期的治疗、监护及护理措施的制定提供参考。对于术前PELD评分较高的患儿,应加强围手术期并发症的监护处理。     

Intra-articular tracking of adipose-derived stem cells by chitosan-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles in a rat osteoarthritis model

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) hold great potential in cartilage tissue engineering due to their multipotency and ease of availability. MRI is an effective and noninvasive imaging approach to track cells and observe new tissue regeneration. It is essential to find a compatible and efficient imaging reagent without affecting the stemness of ADSCs. Herein, we developed chitosan-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-CS) as the T₂ contrast reagent with good cell compatibility and high cellular uptake efficiency and used IO-CS for ADSC intra-articular imaging in a rat osteoarthritis (OA) model. TEM demonstrated the great morphology and size distribution of IO-CS nanoparticles with the size of 17 nm. Magnetization (29.4 emu per g) and MRI tests confirmed (R₂ of 184 mM⁻¹ s⁻¹) the feasibility of IO-CS nanoparticles as an MRI contrast reagent. In addition, the IO-CS nanoparticles showed good cellular compatibility and high labeling efficiency as compared to the commercial agent ferumoxytol. Moreover, incorporation of IO-CS nanoparticles did not alter the adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation ability of ADSCs. Furthermore, the MRI transverse R₂ maps showed a persistence time of the IO-CS nanoparticles in ADSCs of 6 days in vitro. Then, we investigated the imaging capability of the IO-CS nanoparticle-labeled ADSCs in vivo with MRI for 5 weeks. The histological studies demonstrated the intra-articular biodistribution of the IO-CS nanoparticles, including in the cartilage superficial layer, synovial sublining layer, periosteum and bone marrow cavity. They provided systemic distribution information of the ADSCs in the OA rat model. In summary, we developed an accessible and effective T₂ imaging reagent with good biocompatibility and maintenance of the stemness of ADSCs. This showed the potential translational application of IO-CS nanoparticles as an MRI reagent in cartilage tissue engineering.

The chitosan modified IO-CS nanoparticles are biocompatible and efficient MRI reagents for the adipose-derived stem cell labeling and tracking in an osteoarthritis rat model.     

Clostridium butyricum Potentially Improves Immunity and Nutrition through Alteration of the Microbiota and Metabolism of Elderly People with Malnutrition in Long-Term Care

Recent research advances examining the gut microbiome and its association with human health have indicated that microbiota-targeted intervention is a promising means for health modulation. In this study, elderly people in long-term care (aged 83.2 ± 5.3 year) with malnutrition (MNA-SF score ≤ 7) were recruited in a community hospital for a 12-week randomized, single-blind clinical trial with Clostridium butyricum. Compared with the basal fluctuations of the control group, an altered gut microbiome was observed in the intervention group, with increased (p < 0.05) Coprobacillus species, Carnobacterium divergens, and Corynebacterium_massiliense, and the promoted growth of the beneficial organisms Akketmanse muciniphila and Alistipes putredinis. A concentrated profile of 14 increased Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthologs (KOs) that were enriched in cofactor/vitamin production and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were discovered; the genes were found to be correlated (p < 0.05) with an elevated abundance of plasma metabolites and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), unsaturated medium- to long-chain fatty acids (MFA, LFA), carnitines, and amino acids, thus suggesting a coordinated ameliorated metabolism. Proinflammatory factor interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels decreased (p < 0.05) throughout the intervention, while the gut barrier tight junction protein, occludin, rose in abundance (p = 0.059), and the sensitive nutrition biomarker prealbumin improved, in contrast to the opposite changes in control. Based on our results obtained during a relatively short intervention time, C. butyricum might have great potential for improving nutrition and immunity in elderly people in long-term care with malnutrition through the alteration of gut microbiota, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and activating the metabolism in SCFA and cofactor/vitamin production, bile acid metabolism, along with efficient energy generation.     

PET/MR的衰减校正技术

PET/MR是目前最先进的分子影像设备,PET图像需要通过衰减校正来得到真实的放射性药物活度分布并对其进行量化。笔者主要对PET/MR的衰减校正原理和衰减校正的方法进行综述,重点介绍地图集法、组织分割法和具有发展前景的发射数据重建法。