改进Seldinger法经皮穿刺腹膜透析置管术在终末期肾病患者中的应用

目的:探讨改进Seldinger法经皮穿刺腹膜透析置管术在终末期肾病患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年12月~2020年12月于本院进行腹膜透析置管术的终末期肾病患者61例,随机分为观察组(31例)和对照组(30例),对照组患者采用常规开腹手术置管,观察组采用改进Seldinger法置管,比较两组患者完成置管手术的相关指标(手术时间、术后排气时间、切口长度、住院时间),术后3d、1个月患者并发症发生情况。结果:较对照组,观察组手术时间、术后排气时间均更短,腹部切口长度更短(P<0.05),两组患者住院时间比较(P>0.05),观察组穿刺成功率明显高于对照组(100.00%,80.00%,χ²=6.88,P=0.01)。较对照组,观察组患者术后3d并发症发生率明显低于对照组(22.58%,50.00%,χ²=4.97,P=0.03),观察组患者术后1个月并发症发生率明显低于对照组(19.35%,53.33%,χ²=7.05,P=0.01)。结论:对终末期肾病患者运用改进Seldinger法经皮穿刺腹膜透析置管术进行置管可有效缩短手术时间和术后排气时间,创口较小,患者术后早期、远期并发症较少,临床应用效果较好。     

大鼠尾椎间盘退变造模器械的研发与应用

目的:研制一种简便、微创、针刺深度可控的大鼠椎间盘退变模型的造模器械。方法 :自行设计一种新型针刺大鼠尾椎间盘退变的造模器械,由C型套环和针筒两部分构成。取3月龄雄性SD大鼠20只,分为针刺组(10只)和对照组(10只),将造模器械的C型套环套在鼠尾上,用21G针对针刺组的大鼠尾椎Co6/7、Co8/9椎间盘分别行横贯(10mm)和半横贯穿刺(5mm);对照组大鼠尾椎无任何处理。造模前和造模后4周时对两组大鼠的尾部行X线片和MRI检查,在X线片上测量椎间盘高度,计算目标椎间盘高度指数(DHI)比;在MRI T2像上采用Pfirrmann评分评价目标椎间盘退变情况。再处死大鼠取目标椎间盘固定切片后行番红O染色,观察椎间盘退变情况;对非针刺节段尾椎间盘内注射造影剂(碘海醇)后,X线下显影并用针抽吸髓核组织。结果:造模过程中大鼠无死亡,术后无感染等并发症。向大鼠椎间盘注射碘海醇后造影显影良好,可以抽取一定量的髓核组织。造模后4周,针刺组Co6/7和Co8/9的DHI比分别为0.65±0.07和0.73±0.09、Pfirrmann退变评分分别为4.3±0.82和3.5±0.71分,对照组分别为0.98±0.02和0.97±0.02、1.1±0.32分和1.1±0.32分,两组同节段比较均有显著性差异(P0.05),针刺组两个节段间比较有显著性差异(P0.05),对照组两个节段间比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。番红O染色针刺组Co6/7髓核消失,与纤维环界限不清,终板骨化;针刺组Co8/9穿刺侧髓核和纤维结构紊乱,另一侧髓核与纤维环较完整;对照组Co6/7和Co8/9髓核、纤维环和终板形状完整,结构清晰。结论:造模器械穿刺可以成功建立大鼠尾椎间盘退变模型,且横贯穿刺较半横贯穿刺椎间盘退变重;利用该造模器械可以向椎间盘内注射造影剂或药物,抽取髓核。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后老年患者心脏康复早期生活空间现状及影响因素研究

背景　急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后存在诸多并发症，尤其是术后心脏康复早期，医护人员应对该阶段患者进行跟踪。生活空间能反映术后心脏康复情况，但目前PCI后生活空间的研究较少。目的　分析急诊PCI前后患者生活空间变化及术后生活空间的影响因素。方法　采用便利抽样法，选取2018年1月-2019年1月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院行急诊PCI的119名患者为研究对象。采用一般资料及疾病信息采集表、中国老年人生活空间评价量表（LSA-C）、冠心病自我管理行为量表（CSMS）对其进行调查，并于患者出院后6个月进行电话随访。采用Pearson相关性分析探讨CSMS得分与LSA-C得分的相关性，采用多元线性回归分析探讨急诊PCI后患者LSA-C总分的影响因素。结果　不同文化程度、常住地、既往病史（高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病）、是否首次PCI情况的PCI后患者LSA-C总分比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。急诊PCI后卧室外活动、小区内活动、小区附近街道或村镇活动得分及LSA-C总分高于PCI前，本市其他街道或村镇活动得分低于PCI前（P<0.05）。日常生活管理、疾病医学管理、情绪管理得分及CSMS总分与室外公寓大楼内活动、小区内活动、本市其他街道或村镇活动得分及LSA-C总分均呈正相关（P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示，CSMS总分（β=1.287）、既往高血压（β=-4.515）是急诊PCI后患者LSA-C总分的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　急诊PCI后生活空间得分高于PCI前，主要为中小范围活动得分有所提升，大范围活动仍受限。自我管理能力低、既往有高血压是急诊PCI后老年患者生活空间恢复的危险因素。     

中西医结合促排卵治疗肾精不足型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的临床观察

目的观察育肾通络颗粒联合氯米芬促排卵治疗肾精不足型多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕症的临床疗效。方法纳入62例肾精不足型PCOS不孕症患者,随机分为治疗组(31例)和对照组(31例)。两组患者均在月经周期或孕酮撤退性出血第5天开始口服枸橼酸氯米芬片,连服5 d;在此基础上,治疗组患者于经净后予育肾通络颗粒口服,对照组患者予育肾通络颗粒模拟剂口服,直至排卵期。两组疗程均为3个月经周期。评价两组的临床疗效,比较两组患者的妊娠情况及中医证候积分,通过阴道超声监测患者的排卵情况和排卵期子宫内膜厚度,比较两组未妊娠患者治疗前后的睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平及LH/FSH比值。结果①治疗后,治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为96.8%和90.3%,两组临床疗效差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组疗效优于对照组。②治疗组和对照组患者的排卵率分别为91.5%和75.9%,治疗组患者的排卵率高于对照组(P0.05)。③治疗过程中,治疗组患者的妊娠率为54.8%,对照组患者的妊娠率为35.5%,两组妊娠率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。④治疗后,治疗组患者的中医证候积分明显降低(P0.01),且治疗组患者的积分明显低于对照组(P0.01)。⑤在治疗的第1、第2、第3月经周期中,治疗组患者的排卵期子宫内膜厚度较对照组均明显增厚(P0.01)。⑥治疗后,两组未妊娠患者的T、LH水平及LH/FSH比值较治疗前均明显降低(P0.05),且治疗组患者的LH/FSH比值低于对照组(P0.05)。结论育肾通络颗粒联合氯米芬治疗肾精不足型PCOS不孕症具有协同作用,可明显提高患者的排卵率,改善中医证候,增加子宫内膜厚度,改善性激素水平,其总体临床疗效优于单用氯米芬治疗。     

Rapid in-situ detection kit (RisK): Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid identification of selected invasive alien fish in Malaysian freshwaters

Invasive alien fish species have become a silent treat towards the ecosystem especially the native fish population in Malaysia. There has been a need to develop rapid identification methods that can aid management teams in identifying fish species that are not native to our ecosystem. Current visual identification methods are highly tedious and require time, delaying action towards curbing the invasion. The LAMP assay successfully identified six popular invasive fish species in Malaysia. None of the LAMP assays showed false positives and the Limit of Detection of the LAMP primers were highly sensitive and could detect DNA samples up to 1 × 10⁻¹⁵ ng/μl. The LAMP primers designed were highly specific to the target species and did not amplify non target species. DNA sequencing was done to ensure the accuracy of LAMP assay results. This study demonstrates that LAMP is a suitable tool in species identification efforts of invasive fish species in Malaysia.     

冠状动脉临界病变血管内超声检查参数与定量血流分数的相关性研究

目的探讨冠状动脉临界病变血管内超声(IVUS)检查参数与定量血流分数(QFR)的相关性。方法前瞻性连续入选2018年9月至2019年9月于同济大学附属东方医院接受QFR和IVUS检查的116例患者(117处冠状动脉临界病变)。根据QFR评估结果,将患者分为QFR≤0.80组(25处病变)和QFR>0.80组(92处病变),比较两组IVUS检查参数的差异。应用Poisson线性相关性分析以及受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估IVUS与QFR的相关性,应用logistic多元回归分析QFR≤0.80的预测因素。结果IVUS检查发现,QFR≤0.80组最小管腔面积(MLA)[(3.1±0.8)mm²比(3.6±1.1)mm²,P=0.040]、最小管腔直径(MLD)[(1.8±0.3)mm比(2.0±0.3)mm,P=0.012]显著小于QFR>0.80组,而斑块负荷[(73.5±5.6)%比(68.0±8.4)%,P=0.002]、面积狭窄率[(69.8±8.8)%比(63.8±9.8)%,P=0.007]、斑块偏心指数[(0.83±0.12)比(0.73±0.19),P=0.008]及回声消减斑块比例(52.0%比23.9%,P=0.003)显著高于QFR>0.80组,差异均有统计学意义。Poisson线性相关分析显示,MLA(r=0.259,P=0.005)、MLD(r=0.300,P=0.001)与QFR正相关,而斑块负荷(r=–0.357,P<0.001)以及斑块偏心指数(r=–0.247,P=0.008)与QFR负相关。logistic多因素回归分析表明斑块负荷>70%(OR 4.531,95%CI 1.443~14.222,P=0.010)和斑块偏心指数(OR 1.066,95%CI 1.014~1.121,P=0.012)为QFR≤0.80的独立预测因素。结论冠状动脉临界病变IVUS检查结果中斑块负荷>70%以及斑块偏心指数是QFR≤0.80的独立预测因子。     

Evaluation of the MHSeqTyper47 kit for forensically challenging DNA samples

Microhaplotypes have been highly regarded for forensic mixture DNA deconvolution because they do not experience interference from stutters in the same way as short tandem repeat markers, and they tend to be more polymorphic than single nucleotide polymorphism markers. However, forensic microhaplotype kits have not been reported. The MHSeqTyper47 kit genotypes 47 microhaplotype loci. In this study, MiSeq FGx sequencing metrics for MHSeqTyper47 were presented, and the genotyping accuracy of this kit was examined. The sensitivity of MHSeqTyper47 reached 62.5 pg, and full genotyping results were obtained from degraded DNA samples with degradation indexes ≤ 3.00. Full genotypes were obtained in the presence of 100 ng/μL tannin, 50 μM heme, 25 ng/μL humic acid, and 1.25 μg/μL indigo dye. In DNA mixture studies, a minimum of 31 loci of the minor contributor were correctly genotyped at 1:99 or 99:1 mixing ratios, with the cumulative random matching probability of these loci reaching 4.54 × 10⁻²⁵. Mixing ratios could be reliably predicted from two-donor DNA mixtures based on the loci with four called alleles. Taken together, these data showed that the MHSeqTyper47 kit was effective for forensically challenging DNA analysis.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病与腰椎间盘退变的相关性

目的 :探讨Ⅱ型糖尿病(DM)与腰椎间盘退变的相关性。方法 :选择2013年因腰腿痛至我院脊柱外科门诊就诊并满足入选标准的390例50~60岁患者,详细记录患者DM病史,其中非DM患者123例(非DM组)、血糖控制较好患者140例(A组),血糖控制较差DM患者127例(B组);A组中DM≤10年68例(A1组),DM10年72例(A2组);B组中DM≤10年60例(B1组),DM10年67例(B2组)。用Pfirrmann评分系统对各组患者各节段腰椎间盘退变程度进行评分,用SPSS 19.0统计分析DM与腰椎间盘退变程度的相关性。结果:各组资料均服从正态分布(P0.05)。各组间一般资料无显著性差异(P0.05)。在L1/2~L5/S1每节段上,A1组Pfirrmann评分与非DM组无显著性差异(P0.05);A2、B1及B2组的Pfirrmann评分显著高于非DM组(P0.05)。A2、B2组Pfirrmann评分显著较A1、B1组高(P0.05);B1、B2组Pfirrmann评分均较A1、A2组高(P0.05)。在A、B组中,L1/2~L5/S1每一节段上腰椎间盘退变程度与DM病程呈显著性正相关(P0.05)。结论 :DM10年及血糖控制不良是腰椎间盘退变的危险因素,腰椎间盘退变程度与DM病程呈正相关。     

Establishment of uric acid associated nephropathy animal model and the underlying mechanisms

Objective To establish an uric acid associated nephropathy (UAN) animal model and explore the mechanisms involved. Methods Eighteen (6-8 weeks old) male Sprague-Dawley rats weighed 200-220 g were randomly assigned into 2 groups: the control group (n=9), the uric acid associated nephropathy group (n=9). UAN rat model was established by oral administration of adenine (0.1g/kg) and potassium oxonate (1.5 g/kg) mixture daily for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and blood and kidney samples were collected. Serum uric acid, creatinine and other biochemistry index were measured weekly. PAS and Masson staining were conducted to evaluate renal pathology and renal fibrosis. Serum activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) was examined. Expression of p-EGFR and EGFR were detected by western blot and α-SMA expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results After 3 weeks, the model group rats got 1.5 folds increased serum creatinine and significantly elevated serum uric acid. PAS and Masson staining showed that the UAN kidney developed glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial damage and inflammatory cell infiltration. Serum activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) was significantly upregulated in UAN group [(52.68±9.79) μmol/L vs (32.23±6.72) μmol/L, P＜0.05]. Western blot showed that EGFR was activated and α-SMA expression increased remarkably in renal interstitial area of UAN rats. Conclusions The mixture of adenine and potassium oxonate can successfully establish UAN model. Phosphorylation of EGFR may mediate the activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and accelerate the development and progression of UAN.