硫代葡萄糖苷及异硫氰酸酯的抗癌和抗氧化作用进展

目的为硫代葡萄糖苷及异硫氰酸酯的合理利用、功能性保健产品开发和抗癌辅助药物的研制提供依据。方法归纳总结近10年硫代葡萄糖苷和异硫氰酸酯的文献,对其在植物体的分布、理化性质、抗癌和抗氧化机制等方面进行详细阐述。结果硫代葡萄糖苷及其水解产物异硫氰酸酯具有良好的抗癌和抗氧化活性,可以预防和治疗多种癌症,对于由空气污染引发的呼吸系统及肺部疾病也具有良好的疗效;硫代葡萄糖苷及异硫氰酸酯可以清除血管和机体的自由基,保护心脑血管,延缓衰老。结论硫代葡萄糖苷及异硫氰酸酯开发成功能性保健产品和抗癌辅助药具有广阔的市场前景。     

芍药苷预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

摘 要 目的： 观察芍药苷对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注（myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, MI/R）损伤的保护作用,探讨其作用机制。方法: 结扎冠脉造成心肌缺血30 min再灌注2 h,建立MI/R损伤大鼠模型,随机分为假手术组、模型组、芍药苷三个剂量组（20,10,5 mg·kg^-1）（n=10）,于术前1 h和再灌注即刻分别进行尾静脉注射给药。取血清,测定肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氯酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;取心脏,测定心肌梗死面积。结果:芍药苷高、中剂量可明显缩小大鼠心肌梗死面积,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;芍药苷各剂量组可不同程度降低血清CK和LDH活性（P<0.05或P<0.01）,升高SOD活性（P<0.01）;芍药苷高、中剂量组降低血清MDA含量,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论: 芍药苷预处理对MI/R损伤的保护作用与其减少自由基的生成、抑制脂质过氧化反应等有关。     

Development and characterization of four moderate multiplex microsatellite panels in crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

Sixteen microsatellite loci of Carassius auratus were successfully assigned into four multiplex panels in this study. These multiplex panels were characterized in 30 diploid C. auratus individuals from Songhua River. All loci were found to be polymorphic with the polymorphic information content ranging from 0.409 to 0.905. The number of alleles per locus varied from 3 to 16 and the observed heterozygosity (H _O ) ranged from 0.269 to 0.897. Three of these loci significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg expectations and no pairs of loci showed significant linkage disequilibrium. These multiplex microsatellite panels will be used to determine population structure of C. auratus, and detect hybridization between closely related carps.     

扩张型心肌病恶性心律失常发生时间分布的研究

目的描述扩张型心肌病恶性心律失常发生的时间特点,为临床护理实践提供参考依据。方法回顾127例扩张型心肌病患者动态心电图及心脏超声检查。结果扩张型心肌病恶性心律失常者90例,占70.87%;扩张性心肌病患者在24 h内任何时间都可发生恶性心律失常,但是在18?00~24?00时间段最易反复发作。结论扩张型心肌病恶性心律失常发生率较高,且在18?00~24?00时间段较易发生。     

住院患者896例医院感染现患率调查与分析

目的调查我院医院感染现患率，为降低医院感染的发生提供依据。方法采取床旁调查和查阅住院病历相结合的方法，对2007—09—27零时至24时的住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查。结果调查住院患者896例，医院感染现患率为4．80％，例次现患率为5．25％；重症监护室（ICU）现患率最高为41．67％；上呼吸道感染占42．55％、下呼吸道感染占25．53％；抗菌药物总使用率为56．36％；术中用药率34．25％。结论为有效地预防和控制医院感染，应提高术中用药率，根据手术情况缩短术后预防用药时间，按药敏用药，避免长期使用抗菌药物造成耐药菌株的出现，提高病原学检查挟榆率。     

73例医疗纠纷原因分析

本文对我院医技科室2005-2009年间发生的73例医疗投诉进行了分析,结果显示患者投诉医务人员服务态度差占63.3%,报告缺陷占22%,检查缺陷占9.6%,治疗缺陷、床旁出诊不及时、收费不合理各占2.7%。通过采取有效的整改和防范措施,可以提高医疗质量,减少医疗纠纷。     

Thermally controlled biotransformation of glycyrrhizic acid via an asymmetric temperature-responsive polyurethane membrane

Separating a target product from a relatively complex bioreaction system is often difficult. In this work, a “smart” bioreaction system was developed by using the special characteristic of temperature-responsive polyurethane (TRPU). By combining solvent evaporation with a wet phase inversion technique, an asymmetric membrane consisting of an integral and dense skin layer supported by a porous sublayer was prepared from a thermally responsive polyurethane that experiences a sudden free volume increase upon heating through a phase transition temperature of 56 °C. Subsequently, the asymmetric TRPU membrane served as the carrier of an immobilized enzyme, wherein β-glucuronidase was multipoint-conjugated by using biotin and streptavidin on the porous sublayer. Then, the material-asymmetric TRPU membrane served jointly as the antennae as well as the actuator, which reversibly responds to temperature to switch (on–off) the access of the reactant glycyrrhizic acid (GL). Under the optimal temperature (40 °C) and pH (7.0) conditions, the immobilized β-glucuronidase contributed to almost 33% yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) of the isolated counterpart for the same concentration of substrate (250 mg L⁻¹) reaction for 24 h, while costing 1% of that of the isolated β-glucuronidase. Kinetic results showed that V_max and K_m values were 8.89 × 10³ mg L⁻¹ and 2.30 × 10³ mg L⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. The specific functional polymer-immobilized β-glucuronidase design serves as a bioreactor of GL into GAMG, as well as a separator deliberately irritated and controlled by temperature. This “smart” support material presents a potential facilitator for the separation of complex biotransformation reactions.

A “smart” bioreaction system was developed by using the special characteristic of a temperature-responsive polyurethane (TRPU). This “smart” support material presents a potential benefit of separation for complex biotransformation reactions.     

High-throughput metabolomics enables metabolite biomarkers and metabolic mechanism discovery of fish in response to alkalinity stress

High throughput mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics is a popular platform for small molecule metabolites analyses that are widely used for detecting biomarkers in the research field of environmental assessment. Crucian carp (Carassius carassius, CC) is an economically and ecologically important fish in Asia. It can adapt to extremely high alkalinity, providing us with valuable material to understand the adaptation mechanism for extreme environmental stress. However, the information on the metabolite biomarkers and metabolic mechanisms of CC exposed to alkaline stress is not entirely clear. We applied high-throughput UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with chemometrics to identify changes in the metabolome of CC exposed to different concentrations of alkalinity for long term effects. Metabolic differences among alkalinity-treated groups were identified by multivariate statistical analysis. Further, 7 differential metabolites were found after exposure to alkaline conditions. In total, 23 metabolic pathways of these differential metabolites were significantly affected. Alkalinity exposure resulted in widespread change in metabolic profiles in the plasma with disruptions in the phenylalanine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, etc. The integrated pathway analysis of the associated metabolites showed that tRNA charging, l-cysteine degradation II, superpathway of methionine degradation, l-serine degradation, tyrosine biosynthesis IV, etc. appear to be the most significantly represented functional categories. Overall, this study demonstrated that metabolic changes in CC played a role in adaptation to the highly alkaline environmental stress.

High throughput mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics is a popular platform for small molecule metabolites analyses that are widely used for detecting biomarkers in the research field of environmental assessment.     

高通量血液透析联合血液灌流治疗高转运肾性骨营养不良临床观察

【目的】观察高通量血液透析联合血液灌流治疗维持性血液透析患者高转运型肾性骨营养不良的疗效。【方法】42例伴高转运性肾性骨营养不良的血液透析患者随机分为对照组（n=21）和观察组（n=21）,对照组给予常规血液透析治疗,观察组给予高通量血液透析联合血液灌流治疗,3个月后评估两组患者临床症状：肌肉酸痛、骨痛、关节炎和肩周炎症状、皮肤瘙痒等;监测生化指标：肌酐（creatinine,Cr）、尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen,BUN）、钙（calcium,Ca2＋）、磷（phosphorus,P3-）、β2微球蛋白（β2-microglobulin,β2-MG）、甲状旁腺激素（intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH）、骨钙素（bone GLA protein,BGP）。【结果】观察组与对照组以及治疗前比较：临床症状显著改善;P3-、β2-MG、iPTH、BGP等生化指标显著下降,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。【结论】高通量血液透析联合血液灌流能通过有效清除MHD患者体内大、中分子毒素,控制和改善尿毒症患者高转运性肾性骨营养不良症状,疗效确切。