Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

药用鼠尾草根中的二萜醌体外对人结肠癌细胞和肝癌细胞的细胞毒活性和DNA损伤作用

药用鼠尾草Saliva officinalis·L.根的石油醚提取物含有3种二萜醌(罗勒酮,SAR3;浩米酮,SAR26;乙酰浩米酮,SAR43),它们的结构与具有抗肿瘤作用的taxodiol和落羽松酮相似。作者研究了这3个化合物对人结肠癌细胞Caco-2和人肝细胞癌细胞HepG-2的细胞毒和DNA损伤作用。     

脸色腰段椎间盘突出症21例临床分析

胸腰段椎间盘突出症罕见,约占椎间盘突出的0.6％～4％。随着CT及MRI的应用,其发病率有增加的趋势。因其发病率低,报道较少。但由于病变位于脊髓圆椎段,其发病较下腰段椎间盘突出有很大的特殊性,故有必要结合我院近年收治的21例对其作一回顾性分析。1 临床资料     

氯喳咪酮:治疗血小板增多症的新药

氯咪喹酮(anagrelide)是一种咪唑并(2,1-b)喹唑啉-2-酮类化合物,对血小板有很强的抗聚集作用。人体试验显示,少量用药便可引起血小板减少。本文报告用氯咪喹酮治疗20例慢性骨髓增生性疾病重度血小板增多的疗效。病人和方法 20例中,17例为原发性血小板增多症,2.例为真性红细胞增多症并血小板增多,1例为慢性粒细胞白血病并血小板增多。     

还原型谷胱甘肽在预防糖尿病大鼠勃起功能障碍中的研究

目的探讨还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)在预防糖尿病大鼠勃起功能障碍中的作用。方法通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素65mg/kg建立糖尿病大鼠模型,然后随机分成DM组和DM+GSH组,DM+GSH组每天肌肉注射GSH200mg/kg。10周后观察大鼠勃起功能,并获取海绵体组织检测其谷胱甘肽、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)与丙二醛(MDA)水平,用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。结果成功建立糖尿病大鼠模型。与未注射GSH的DM组相比,DM+GSH组和正常对照组(C组)勃起功能更好,勃起率分别是20%,62.5%和100%。GSH水平DM+GSH组和C组明显比DM组高,其3组含量每克蛋白分别是(75.83±15.62)、(61.47±8.65)和(35.03±12.29)mg(P<0.05);NOS水平在DM+GSH组每毫克蛋白为(133.9±31.9)U,与正常对照组每毫克蛋白为(142.2±31.2)U相当,但较DM组每毫克蛋白为(58.4±18.9)U高(P<0.05);MDA含量在DM组每毫克蛋白为(3.71±0.62)nmol,明显高于正常对照组和DM+GSH组(P<0.05),这两组每毫克蛋白为(2.08±0.34)nmol和(2.44±0.28)nmol;细胞凋亡率在DM组、DM+GSH组和C组的分别是(22.6±3.6)%、(10.8±1.7)%和(7.2±2.1)%(P<0.05)。结论还原型谷胱甘肽对糖尿病大鼠阴茎组织有较好的抗氧化作用,能减少细胞凋亡,对延缓糖尿病性ED的发生有一定的作用。     

生物芯片在垂体腺瘤分子机制研究中的应用

尽管医疗技术发展使垂体腺瘤的诊治水平有了明显提高，但也面临新的挑战。基础研究已显示垂体腺瘤是单克隆起源。但垂体腺瘤发生、发展的分子机制尚未明确。新近发展迅速的生物芯片技术，以其高效、高通量、高信息量等突出优点。为寻找与垂体腺瘤发生、发展以及生物学行为改变相关的分子物质提供了强有力的科研平台。本文就垂体腺瘤分子机制研究现状以及生物芯片在垂体腺瘤分子机制中的应用进行综述。     

巡回性诊疗护理与老年人保健

饭富病院地处日本本州山黎县,远离大都市,地偏人稀,但环境优美,气候宜人,的确是疗养的好地方。饭富病院属公立医院,虽规模较小,但是一所综合性医院。我们在此院研修3个月,时间虽短,但期间的所见所闻,尤其护理方面给我们的启发和教益却是十分深刻的。现介绍几个片断,以飨读者。1     

肝切除术治疗肝内结石354例

10年间收治肝内结石745例．其中354例(475％)作肝切除治疗。手术切除左外叶287例、左半肝36例、部分肝方叶14例、右半肝10例、部分尾叶1例，部分左、右肝切除6例。同时作胆管-空肠Roux-Y吻合166例(46．9％)。手术并发症60例(169％)、死亡4例(1．1％)。术后随访276例(78O％)，效果优、良者占88％％。本院肝切除治疗肝内结石的病例每年大致相等，左外叶肝切除仍占多数．但比前减少。本组病例再手术均为左外叶切除后患者，故应重视手术中的再诊断，术中B超和术中胆镜检查是避免结石残留的重要手段。作者强调．肝切除只是治疗肝内结石的一个方面，肝切除后通畅的胆道引流是必要的。作者还提出尽量避免急性炎症期作肝切除是防止术后严重并发症的重要措施。     

小剂量肝素治疗老年性原发肾病综合征13例临床体会

老年性原发肾病综合征Ⅱ型临床上比较少见,由于老年人多有高粘血症、动脉硬化、高血压、冠心病及肾功能潜在性减退等并存病较多,给治疗上带来一定困难,近几年来,我们采用小剂量肝素治疗老年性原发性肾病综合征Ⅱ型13例,疗效比较满意,现报告如下.