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1.
摘要:目的 建立测定头孢曲松钠中基因毒性杂质2-巯基苯并噻唑含量的反相高效液相色谱法。方法 采用十八烷基硅
烷键合硅胶为填充剂(Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq C18,4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)的色谱柱,流动相为1%甲酸溶液-乙腈(60:40,
V/V),流速0.5 mL/min,检测波长320 nm,柱温25℃。结果 定量限为0.5 ppm(相当于样品浓度的百分比为0.00005%),检测
限为0.15 ppm。2-巯基苯并噻唑在0.0051~0.2051 μg/mL浓度范围内,线性方程为y=6.4195x-0.0098,r=0.9996>0.999。回收率为
86.3%~102.3%(RSD<10.0%,n=9)。结论 该方法操作简便、专属性强、灵敏度高,可有效检出头孢曲松钠中2-巯基苯并噻唑
的含量。 相似文献
2.
目的: 探讨口腔鳞癌患者腮腺淋巴结转移的临床病理特征及预后影响因素。方法: 回顾性分析2003年1月—2017年12月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院收治的60例伴或不伴腮腺淋巴结转移的口腔鳞癌患者的临床病理资料及影像学资料,分析其临床病理和影像学特征及其与预后的相关性。采用SPSS 23.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 口腔鳞癌原发肿瘤T分期(P=0.022)及颈部淋巴结状况(N分期,P=0.008)与腮腺淋巴结转移密切相关;腮腺转移淋巴结多位于腮腺浅叶下极且易发生包膜外侵犯(P<0.05)。腮腺淋巴结转移与口腔鳞癌不良预后密切相关(P=0.0004),伴有腮腺淋巴结转移的牙龈鳞癌患者的5年生存率显著高于原发于舌部的鳞癌(P=0.0427)。结论: 腮腺淋巴结转移是口腔鳞癌的不良预后因素,较高的T分期及N分期是口腔鳞癌发生腮腺淋巴结转移的重要因素。 相似文献
3.
新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情严峻复杂,探讨中医药防治COVID-19处方的用药规律及特点具有重要意义。该研究收集2020年1月1日至2月18日国家卫生健康委员会,7个省市卫生健康委员会、国家中医管理局发布的和《新型冠状病毒肺炎中医诊疗手册》收录的中医药防治COVID-19诊疗方案以及3位国医大师、4位知名中医药专家所拟的方药,按照纳入、排除标准进行筛选,应用EpiData 3.0软件,建立"防治新型冠状病毒肺炎中医处方库""防治新型冠状病毒肺炎常用中药库",共收集有效中药处方93首,组成药物共计157味。应用SPSS 18.0软件进行数据分析,结果发现:①药性寒、温居多,其中性寒69味,占43.95%;性温57味,占36.31%;性热较少,仅占1.27%;②味苦、辛、甘药物较多,不同时期药味有异,初期以辛味居多,中期、重症期以苦味为主,恢复期多用甘味药;③归经以入肺、胃、心者多,入肺经最多,占24.55%;初、中期多入肺胃,重症期则入心肾;④口服药物多无毒,仅6味药物具有毒性,分别是苦杏仁、绵马贯众、重楼、细辛、半夏、炮附片;⑤以具有解表、化湿、清热、补虚、化痰止咳平喘5类功效的药物居多,初期解表与清热并重,各占18.81%;中期化痰止咳平喘药物使用多,占29.61%;重症期清热使用最多,占33.33%;恢复期补虚使用最多,占36.47%。中药防治COVID-19的药性特点和功效分布与中医对其病因、病位、病机的认识紧密相关,临证辨治尤需注重分期用药及因地制宜。 相似文献
4.
5.
目的:分析椎管内麻醉与全身麻醉在高龄患者临床应用中的效果.方法:随机选取2018年7月~2019年7月本院收治的高龄手术患者40例,将其根据手术顺序进行分组,先手术的20例患者定为观察组,应用椎管内麻醉;后手术的20例患者分成对照组,采用全身麻醉,比较两组麻醉镇痛效果.结果:观察组患者麻醉生效时间、麻醉药用量、术后下床时间及住院时间与对照组各指标相比均较少,且术后发生的并发症发生率也较低,两组之间数据差异较为明显(P<0.05).结论:对高龄手术患者应用椎管内麻醉,取得的临床效果较好,可有效提高手术效率,减少患者住院时间及发生的并发症. 相似文献
6.
7.
Sara S. McMillan Michelle King Mary P. Tully 《International journal of clinical pharmacy》2016,38(3):655-662
Introduction The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) and Delphi Technique are consensus methods used in research that is directed at problem-solving, idea-generation, or determining priorities. While consensus methods are commonly used in health services literature, few studies in pharmacy practice use these methods. This paper provides an overview of the NGT and Delphi technique, including the steps involved and the types of research questions best suited to each method, with examples from the pharmacy literature. Methodology The NGT entails face-to-face discussion in small groups, and provides a prompt result for researchers. The classic NGT involves four key stages: silent generation, round robin, clarification and voting (ranking). Variations have occurred in relation to generating ideas, and how ‘consensus’ is obtained from participants. The Delphi technique uses a multistage self-completed questionnaire with individual feedback, to determine consensus from a larger group of ‘experts.’ Questionnaires have been mailed, or more recently, e-mailed to participants. When to use The NGT has been used to explore consumer and stakeholder views, while the Delphi technique is commonly used to develop guidelines with health professionals. Method choice is influenced by various factors, including the research question, the perception of consensus required, and associated practicalities such as time and geography. Limitations The NGT requires participants to personally attend a meeting. This may prove difficult to organise and geography may limit attendance. The Delphi technique can take weeks or months to conclude, especially if multiple rounds are required, and may be complex for lay people to complete. 相似文献
8.
目的::调查本科实习护生护患沟通能力现状,分析影响其护患沟通能力的因素。方法:选取505名本科实习护生,采用情绪智力量表、共情能力量表和护患沟通能力调查表进行调查。结果:本次调查实习护生情绪智力量表总分为(126.77±13.12)分,共情能力量表总分(112.35±12.96)分,护患沟通能力学生调查表总分(52.55±7.45)分。护生的家庭关系、专业态度、参加活动频率是影响护生护患沟通能力的影响因素(P<0.05~P<0.01),护生的护患沟通能力与其共情能力、情绪智力均呈正相关关系(P<0.01)。结论:护生家庭关系越和睦、专业态度越积极、参加活动的频率越高,其护患沟通能力越高。护生共情能力和情绪智力越高,其护患沟通能力也越高。 相似文献
9.
Thomas Backhaus 《The AAPS journal》2016,18(4):804-813
The ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceutical mixtures typically exceeds the risk of each individual compound, which calls specific attention to the fact that monitoring surveys routinely find complex pharmaceutical mixtures in various environmental compartments. However, although the body of evidence on the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical mixtures is quite consistent, the current guidelines for the environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals often do not explicitly address mixture effects. Data availability and acceptable methods often limit such assessments. A tiered approach that begins with summing up individual risk quotients, i.e., the ratio between the predicted or measured environmental concentration and the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) is therefore suggested in this paper, in order to improve the realism of the environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals. Additionally, the use of a mixture-specific assessment factor, as well as the classical mixture toxicity concepts of concentration addition and independent action is explored. Finally, specific attention is given to the exposure-based waiving of environmental risk assessments, as currently implemented in screening or pre-screening phases (tier 0 in Europe, categorical exclusion in the USA), since even low, individually non-toxic concentrations might combine to produce substantial mixture effects. 相似文献
10.
Francesco Benedetti Sara Poletti Thomas A. Hoogenboezem Clara Locatelli Oliver Ambrée Harm de Wit Annemarie J. M. Wijkhuijs Elena Mazza Chiara Bulgarelli Benedetta Vai Cristina Colombo Enrico Smeraldi Volker Arolt Hemmo A. Drexhage 《Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology》2016,11(2):248-258
Growth factors involved in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity could play a role in biological processes that drive depression recovery. Combined total sleep deprivation and morning light therapy (TSD + LT) can acutely reverse depressive symptoms, thus allowing to investigate the neurobiological correlates of antidepressant response. We tested if changes on plasma levels of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), S100 calcium binding protein B (S100-B), Stem Cell Factor (SCF), Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 2 (IGFBP-2), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) are associated with response to TSD + LT in 26 inpatients affected by a major depressive episode in the course of bipolar disorder. Regional grey matter (GM) volumes were assessed at baseline, and BOLD fMRI neural responses to a moral valence decision task were recorded before and after treatment. 61.5 % of patients responded to treatment. SCF plasma levels increased significantly more in responders, and correlated with GM volumes in frontal and parietal cortical areas. The pattern of change of SCF also associated with both GM volumes and changes of BOLD fMRI neural responses in the anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. SCF is both a hematopoietic growth factor and a neurotrophic factor, involved in neuron-neuron and neuron-(micro) glia interactions, fostering neuronal growth and an anti-inflammatory milieu. We correlated SCF levels with antidepressant response and with functional and structural MRI measures in cortical areas that are involved in the cognitive generation and control of affect. SCF may be a candidate growth factor that contributes to neurotrophic and immune effects that are involved in the process of remission/recovery from depression. 相似文献