2型糖尿病动物模型KK-Ay小鼠糖尿病肾病的鉴定

目的 研究2型糖尿病KK-Ay小鼠糖尿病肾病(DN)的特点和应用价值.方法 选择雄性KK-Ay小鼠和C57BL/6J小鼠各30只,每两周代谢笼收集24 h尿液及随意尿测尿微量白蛋白,眶后静脉丛采血测空腹血胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮、肌酐、白蛋白.8、12、20周龄时两组分别处死10只小鼠取肾脏行病理检查.结果 不同周龄KK-Ar小鼠尿微量白蛋白、血胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯均比同周龄C57BL/6J小鼠高(P＜O.05),且随周龄增加而进展,8周龄表现为典型2型糖尿病,12周龄进入早期DN,20周龄肾脏病理表现为特征性DN改变,但未见肾功能下降.结论 KK-Ay小鼠是研究DN早期病变的理想模型.     

胱抑素C在缺血／再灌注急性肾损伤大鼠尿液中的变化及意义

目的：检测肾缺血/再灌注大鼠尿液胱抑素C含量,探讨其在缺血/再灌注急性肾损伤早期评估中的作用。方法：选取雄性SD大鼠,随机分为4组,建立缺血/再灌注急性肾损伤动物模型,缺血时间4组分别为0、10、20、30min,测定各组大鼠术前及再灌注24h后尿液胱抑素C,血清肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）浓度,计算24h肌酐清除率（Ccr）,取各组再灌注24h后肾组织作组织学检查,行肾小管坏死半定量评分。结果：各组大鼠基线肾功能差异无统计学意义,再灌注24h后与基线值相比,肾缺血0min组及10min组BUN、Scr及Ccr无显著改变;肾缺血20min组BUN、Scr无显著改变,但Ccr显著降低;肾缺血30min组BUN[（45.3±14.6）vs（13.8±1.6）mmol/L]、Scr[（160.8±22.2）vs（36.9±7.9）μmol/L]显著升高,Ccr显著降低[（1.87±0.3）vs（0.56±0.1）ml/min]。20min组及30min组肾小管坏死评分与0min组相比显著升高。再灌注24h后与基线值相比,肾缺血0min组尿液胱抑素C水平无显著改变,肾缺血10min[（0.79±0.11）vs（0.25±0.02）μg/L]、20min[（1.23±0.35）vs（0.30±0.05）μg/L]及30min组[（1.33±0.51）vs（0.28±0.03）μg/L]尿液胱抑素C水平显著升高。结论：尿液胱抑素C测定可望成为缺血/再灌注急性肾损伤的早期诊断标记物。     

急性镉中毒大鼠睾丸氧化损伤机制的研究

目的:探究急性镉中毒睾丸氧化损伤的特点以及睾丸对镉敏感的可能机制.方法:通过观察MDA、还原态GSH、SOD、CAT、GSHpx、MT等指标系统研究大鼠肝、睾丸两器官的细胞抗氧化体系在急性镉暴露后的时间变化规律.结果:急性镉中毒使肝、睾丸两器官均发生严重的氧化损伤,细胞的抗氧化能力明显降低.但两者的变化规律不同:肝脏在6 h组MT大量表达(达正常值的6.7倍)后,上述损伤逐渐减轻;而睾丸MT表达的氧化损伤尽管在前3 h并不严重,但此后不断加剧.结论:急性镉中毒时睾丸与肝氧化损伤规律明显不同,MT在睾丸中不能被诱导表达是睾丸对镉极其敏感的原因之一.     

过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ在不同月龄大鼠肾脏中的表达

目的 观察过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)在大鼠肾脏衰老过程中的表达分布,探讨其可能作用机制.方法 分别以3月龄、12月龄和24月龄SD大鼠为模型,采用Western印迹、免疫组化、原位杂交的方法检测PPARγ蛋白、核酸在不同年龄大鼠肾组织中的表达.结果 PPARγ蛋白在肾组织表达,3月龄大鼠为0.94±0.05,明显高于24月龄大鼠0.78±0.02(t=7.08,P＜0.01),亦高于12月龄大鼠0.87±0.04,但差异无统计学意义(t=2.49,P＞0.05).免疫组化结果显示,PPARγ蛋白在各年龄组大鼠肾小管、集合管上皮细胞中均有分布,主要分布于细胞核内,在老年大鼠肾小球系膜细胞及壁层上皮细胞内也有阳性染色.原位杂交结果显示,PPARγ mRNA的表达分布与免疫组化结果一致.半定量分析显示,在大鼠肾组织的衰老过程中,PPARγ基因表达呈下降趋势.结论 PPARγ作为核转录因子参与了大鼠肾脏衰老过程调控.     

罗格列酮对多囊肾囊肿衬里上皮细胞p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway in polycystic kidney cyst-lining epithelial cells. Methods The cyst-lining epithelial cells (PKD cells) from human polycystic kidney were treated with rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 (10 μmol/L), rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L) +GW9662 (10 μmol/L), p38MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580 (10 μmol/L), SB203580 (10 μmol/L)+ rosiglitazone(10 μmol/L) for 2 hours followed by epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Protein expressions of p38, phuspho-p38 (p-p38) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by Western blot. p38 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. Expression of c-fos and c-jun was observed by immunocytochemistry. Results (1) EGF markedly up-regulated the expressions of p38, p-p38, PCNA, c-fos anti c-jun compared with control group (P<0.01). (2) Compared with EGF treated group, rosiglitazone significantly reduced p38 activation and mRNA expression (P<0.01, respectively). Rosiglitazone, rosiglitazone+SB203580 could significantly down-regulated p-p38, PCNA, c-fos and c-jun expression (P<0.01, respectively) with no significant difference between these two groups. (3) GW9662 partially reversed the reduction effect of rosiglitazone. Conclusions Rosiglitazone can inhibit proliferation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cyst-lining epithelial cells partially through down-regulating p38 activation and reducing c-fos, c-jun and PCNA expression. The above effect of rosiglitazone is in part PPARγ-independcnt.     

罗格列酮对多囊肾囊肿衬里上皮细胞p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway in polycystic kidney cyst-lining epithelial cells. Methods The cyst-lining epithelial cells (PKD cells) from human polycystic kidney were treated with rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 (10 μmol/L), rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L) +GW9662 (10 μmol/L), p38MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580 (10 μmol/L), SB203580 (10 μmol/L)+ rosiglitazone(10 μmol/L) for 2 hours followed by epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Protein expressions of p38, phuspho-p38 (p-p38) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by Western blot. p38 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. Expression of c-fos and c-jun was observed by immunocytochemistry. Results (1) EGF markedly up-regulated the expressions of p38, p-p38, PCNA, c-fos anti c-jun compared with control group (P<0.01). (2) Compared with EGF treated group, rosiglitazone significantly reduced p38 activation and mRNA expression (P<0.01, respectively). Rosiglitazone, rosiglitazone+SB203580 could significantly down-regulated p-p38, PCNA, c-fos and c-jun expression (P<0.01, respectively) with no significant difference between these two groups. (3) GW9662 partially reversed the reduction effect of rosiglitazone. Conclusions Rosiglitazone can inhibit proliferation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cyst-lining epithelial cells partially through down-regulating p38 activation and reducing c-fos, c-jun and PCNA expression. The above effect of rosiglitazone is in part PPARγ-independcnt.     

地方性氟中毒所致肾功能衰竭八例报告

地方性氟中毒所致肾功能衰竭八例报告姜昭伦，胡惠民（徐州市第四人民医院徐州２２１００９）人体长期通过饮水或膳食援人的过量氟元素，由于大部份经肾脏排出，可导致肾组织损伤。动物实验证实氟中毒可导致肾小球损伤。但地方性氟中毒所致肾功能衰竭临床报告极少。我们１...     

浅谈知识系统化网络化的应用

任何一门独立学科都有自己的理论体系和方法论，尤其是医学所研究对象的复杂性和交叉性就决定了更应注重知识的系统化和网络化，即注重知识点间的内在联系和逻辑关系，整理过程中从“主线、联系、拓展”着手，从横向和纵向加以对照、比较、概括、综合。以构成一个相对完整的知识体系。     

罗格列酮对多囊肾囊肿衬里上皮细胞p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway in polycystic kidney cyst-lining epithelial cells. Methods The cyst-lining epithelial cells (PKD cells) from human polycystic kidney were treated with rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 (10 μmol/L), rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L) +GW9662 (10 μmol/L), p38MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580 (10 μmol/L), SB203580 (10 μmol/L)+ rosiglitazone(10 μmol/L) for 2 hours followed by epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Protein expressions of p38, phuspho-p38 (p-p38) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by Western blot. p38 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. Expression of c-fos and c-jun was observed by immunocytochemistry. Results (1) EGF markedly up-regulated the expressions of p38, p-p38, PCNA, c-fos anti c-jun compared with control group (P<0.01). (2) Compared with EGF treated group, rosiglitazone significantly reduced p38 activation and mRNA expression (P<0.01, respectively). Rosiglitazone, rosiglitazone+SB203580 could significantly down-regulated p-p38, PCNA, c-fos and c-jun expression (P<0.01, respectively) with no significant difference between these two groups. (3) GW9662 partially reversed the reduction effect of rosiglitazone. Conclusions Rosiglitazone can inhibit proliferation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cyst-lining epithelial cells partially through down-regulating p38 activation and reducing c-fos, c-jun and PCNA expression. The above effect of rosiglitazone is in part PPARγ-independcnt.