油菜花粉的化学成分研究

目的:研究油菜花粉的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、反相柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据进行结构鉴定.结果:从油菜花粉的醋酸乙酯和正丁醇部位分离得到9个单体化合物,分别为山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1),山柰酚-3,4'-双-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),烟酸(4),烟酰胺(5),香豆酸-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),山柰酚(7),β-谷甾醇(8),5-羟甲基糠醛(9).结论:化合物1～6均为首次从油菜花粉中分离得到.     

从脾胃论秋冬养阴——凌耀星教授的膏方经验一隅

冬令膏方是依据“秋冬养阴”为原则的养生和疾病防治方法。凌耀星教授在膏方辨证施治的过程中,尤重脾胃,从《内经》理论出发证实了“脾胃”在“秋冬养阴”中占有主导地位。     

How to Right a Wrong: Empirically Evaluating Whether Victim,Offender, and Assault Characteristics can Inform Rape Kit Testing Policies

ABSTRACT

Hundreds of thousands of previously untested sexual assault kits (SAKs) have been uncovered in police property storage facilities across the United States, representing a national failure in institutional response to sexual assault. Faced with this discovery, jurisdictions must now decide if and how they should test these kits. Some stakeholders have suggested prioritizing kits for testing by victim, offender, or assault characteristics, based on the belief that these characteristics can predict the likely utility of DNA testing. However, little research has examined the empirical merits of such prioritization. To address this gap in the literature and inform SAK testing policies, we randomly sampled 900 previously untested SAKs from Detroit, MI. The sampled SAKs were submitted for DNA testing, and eligible DNA profiles were entered into Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), the federal DNA database. Police records associated with each SAK were coded for victim, offender, and assault characteristics, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to test whether these characteristics predict which SAKs yield DNA profiles that match (“hit”) to other criminal offenses in CODIS. Testing this sample of previously-untested SAKs produced a substantial number of CODIS hits, but few of the tested variables were significant predictors of CODIS hit rate. These findings suggest that testing all previously-unsubmitted kits may generate information that is useful to the criminal justice system, while also potentially addressing the institutional betrayal victims experienced when their kits were ignored.     

College student attitudes toward forcible date rape: I. Cognitive predictors

Students completed a questionnaire measuring acceptance of forcible date rape, attitudes toward women, sexual knowledge, sexual experience, tolerance of socially unapproved sexual behavior, and religiosity. Findings suggested that persons relatively more accepting of forcible date rape are less sure it really is rape, have more traditional attitudes toward women, are more selfsexually permissive (i.e., more tolerant of their own socially unapproved of sexual behavior, such as premarital and extramarital sex with friends or casual acquaintances), have less accurate sexual knowledge and, though a large majority blame the male, are slightly more inclined than others to blame society or the situation. These predictor variables accounted for 35% of the variance in attitudes toward forcible date rape and identified correctly about two-thirds of the students classified as nonrejectors of forcible date rape, i.e., those who did not consider the male's behavior definitely unacceptable under any one of nine circumstances, including He spent a lot of money on her. In addition to the emotional and personality variables often cited in rapists, the cognitive predictor variables found may be salient to understanding the etiology of rape.This paper was first presented at meetings of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, September 1985, in San Diego, California.     

Male Rape,Some Notes on the Laboratory Investigation

The incidence of sexual assault continues to escalate, and it is under-reported. Recent literature discusses the medical, legal, and psychological management of the female sexual assault victim, but little has been written regarding appropriate management of male sexual assault. This article focuses on the laboratory investigation in male rape case.     

油菜蜂花粉多糖抗肿瘤作用的研究

目的:观察油菜蜂花粉多糖(RPP)的抗肿瘤作用及对荷瘤小鼠组织形态的影响。方法:以环磷酰胺(Cy)为对照,观察RPP对S180肿瘤细胞的抑制作用及对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤、肝、肾、脾、胸腺组织形态的影响。结果:RPP能明显抑制肿瘤细胞生长,抑瘤率可高达51.26%;与Cy合用有一定协同作用,同时可缓解Cy对机体免疫器官的损害;组织形态学检测结果表明,高剂量RPP抑瘤效果较Cy好,对荷瘤鼠肝、肾、脾、胸腺组织无明显毒副作用,且有一定保护作用。结论:RPP有一定的抗肿瘤作用,并可拮抗化疗药物对机体的损害。     

‘If your husband doesn't humiliate you,other people won't’: Gendered attitudes towards sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

More than a decade of fighting in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has resulted in extensive human rights abuses, of which sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is one of the most salient and disturbing features. This paper uses qualitative data, based on 10 focus groups with 86 women and men to better understand gendered community perspectives on SGBV and its consequences in South Kivu. We conclude that for many survivors, rape has consequences far beyond the physiological and psychological trauma associated with the attack. Respondents say sexual violence has become a societal phenomenon, in which the community isolation and shame experienced as a result of the attack become as important as concerns about the attack itself. Male focus group participants explain their own feelings of shame and anger associated with knowing their female relatives were raped. These findings highlight the complexity of community reintegration for survivors and identify a number of programmatic and policy implications, such as the need for counselling for survivors of sexual violence with their families as well as individually; the importance of income-generating training; and the need for improved justice mechanisms to bring perpetrators to justice.     

Perceptions of sexual violence among men who have sex with men and individuals on the trans-feminine spectrum in Mongolia

With the growing realisation that sexual violence poses pressing health and human rights concerns for men who have sex with men (MSM) and individuals on the trans-feminine spectrum, research has focused on the context in which sexual violence takes place. Rape myths and other perceptions of sexual violence affect the prevalence of perpetration and the availability of services and support for survivors. Little research has been conducted on rape myths among sexual and gender minority groups, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Two focus groups and 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with MSM and individuals on the trans-feminine spectrum in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. A number of rape myths previously noted to be prevalent among Western, heterosexual men, and women were expressed by participants, including the myth that males are never raped, rape as a cause of homosexuality or transgenderism, conceptualisations of prototypical rape as requiring overwhelming force, and victim blaming. However, many of these perceptions appeared to have different origins and effects in these populations. This study illustrates interesting similarities and differences compared to rape myths explored in Western, heterosexual male samples, and draws attention to the need to address community perceptions of sexual violence in sexual health and violence intervention programming.