咽旁间隙肿瘤及手术入路

为探讨咽旁间隙肿瘤的手术方法及入路的选择。报告６６例经各种手术入路治疗的良、恶性肿瘤。结果表明，经颈或经颈合并下颌及正中裂开外旋入路较之其他几种手术入路具有手术适应证广、安全、术后并发症少等优点。认为经颈或经颈合并下颌正中裂开外旋入路是一种安全、彻底切除咽旁间隙原发肿瘤效果最好的入路。     

上颌骨外旋入路切除颅底及咽旁间隙肿瘤

目的：探讨颅底及咽旁间隙肿瘤切除的最佳手术入路。方法：2例咽旁间隙肿瘤、1例颅底肿瘤患者均采用上颌骨外旋入路，取Weber-Ferguson-Longmire切口，形成以咬肌为蒂的上颌骨肌皮瓣并外旋，充分暴露鼻咽部及咽旁间隙，直视下完整切除肿瘤。以颊部脂肪堵塞残留空腔，行上颌骨骨瓣复位。结果：3例术后切口愈合良好，颌面部无明显畸形及颌面功能障碍，其中1例术后行放疗。3例术后随访10个月～2年，肿瘤均无复发。结论：上颌骨外旋是切除颅底及咽旁间隙肿瘤的较佳手术入路，能充分暴露颅底及咽旁间隙、鼻咽部，在直视下完整分离切除肿瘤，手术安全，损伤小，术后功能恢复良好。     

Novel co-axial prilling technique for the development of core–shell particles as delayed drug delivery systems

In this study, biocompatible double layered beads consisting of pectin core and alginate shell were prepared through a single step manufacturing process based on prilling apparatus equipped with co-axial nozzles. The core was loaded with piroxicam (PRX) as model non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Morphology, size distribution and shape of the double layered beads varied depending on the operative conditions and polymer concentrations. Co-axial nozzles size, applied vibration frequency, gelling conditions and, mainly, polymers mass ratio were identified as critical variables. Particularly, the relative viscosity of polymeric feed solutions inside the nozzle was the key parameter to obtain homogeneous and well-formed coated particles. The produced beads were investigated for the release kinetic in different media. Once PRX was encapsulated within the pectin core, a controlled release pattern was observed. Particularly, beads produced with 4:1 core/shell ratio (F4) released less than 30% of PRX in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) while total liberation of the drug was achieved during the next 3 h in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). More interesting, F4 tested in SIF was able to release drug in a delayed and sustained manner at established time points (2h_8.2%, 3h_32.2%, 4h_70.1% and 5h_about 100%). Based on the above results, co-axial prilling approach is expected to provide success in manufacturing systems with delayed drug release profiles. Such systems may be potentially useful in targeting diseases which are affected by the circadian rhythm, such as chronic inflammation.     

Oxygen enrichment and its application to life support systems for workers in high-altitude areas

Background:

Workers coming from lowland regions are at risk of developing acute mountain sickness (AMS) when working in low oxygen high-altitude areas.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to improve the conditions that lead to hypoxia and ensure the safety of the high-altitude workers. We analyzed the influence of low atmospheric pressure on the oxygen enrichment process in high-altitude areas using an engineering method called low-pressure swing adsorption (LPSA).

Methods:

Fourteen male subjects were screened and divided into three groups by type of oxygen supply system used: (1) oxygen cylinder group; (2) LPSA oxygen dispersal group; and (3) control group. These tests included arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂), pulse rate (PR), breaths per minute (BPM), and blood pressure (BP).

Results:

The results showed that after supplying oxygen using the LPSA method at the tunnel face, the SaO₂ of workers increased; the incidence of acute mountain sickness, PR, and BPM significantly decreased.

Conclusions:

The LPSA life support system was found to be a simple, convenient, efficient, reliable, and applicable approach to ensure proper working conditions at construction sites in high-altitude areas.     

Comparison of upper limb burn injury versus simulated pathology in terms of gait and footprint parameters

BackgroundLittle is known about whether a simulated upper limb condition reflects a real (burn-injury) upper limb pathology in terms of gait/footprint parameters.Research questionThe main aim of this study was to investigate the differences in these parameters between two conditions (real-simulation).MethodsThe study included burn patients (n = 30) and a control group of 30 healthy subjects. Gait and footprint parameters were evaluated using the GAITRite electronic walkway. Kinesiophobia and pain were assessed with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale and Visual Analog Scale, respectively. Gait evaluation of the control group was performed randomly in two conditions:1. Normal arm swing (control group) 2.Elbow flexed at 90° with a bandage (simulated group).ResultsStep and stride length in the burn group were significantly shorter than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Stance phase was significantly higher while swing phase, velocity and cadence were lower in the burn group (p < 0.05). Peak time in the midfoot for both sides were significantly higher in the burn group (p < 0.05). Peak time in the hindfoot for the affected side was significantly lower while peak time in the hindfoot for the intact side was significantly higher in the burn group compared to the simulated group (p < 0.05). There were significant correlations between pain, kinesiophobia and velocity, and cadence in the burn group (p < 0.05).SignificanceCompared to the other groups, patients with burn injury have different gait/footprint parameters due to increased pain and kinesiophobia. To determine the effects of upper limb injury and arm swing on gait parameters, a real pathology should be considered rather than a simulated pathology.     

变压吸附制取医用氧技术的研究

对变压吸附制医用氧过程中的吸附剂选择、流程开发、多层过滤系统等技术问题进行了研究，它将有助于变压吸附制氧技术在我国各级医院中的使用。     

变压吸附两步均压制氧试验

根据8M~3/h制氧设备的试验工作,本文评述了变压吸附两步均压制取富氧的方法和设备。试验表明,当切换时间为7秒-9秒-14秒时,与切换时间7秒-7秒-16秒相比,氧浓度可增加1.8％,氧收率可增加0.5％,出氧压力可提高19613.3帕。     

皮牵甩臂疗法治疗肱骨外科颈骨折44例

[目的]观察皮牵甩臂疗法治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效。[方法]将66例肱骨外科颈骨折患者随机分为皮牵甩臂治疗组和夹板固定对照组,观察骨折复位情况与肩关节活动情况,并进行比较。[结果]两组间骨折复位疗效评定结果差异无显著性(P>0.05),但肩关节活动疗效评定结果间差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。[结论]皮牵甩臂疗法和夹板固定疗法均具有良好的骨折复位效果,但皮牵甩臂疗法对于肩关节功能的恢复具有更好的疗效。