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目的:探讨补肾活血汤治疗激素性股骨头坏死(steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,SONFH)的作用机制。方法:通过中医药整合药理学网络计算研究平台(integrative pharmacology-based network computational research platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine,TCMIP)v2.0预测、筛选补肾活血汤组方中14味中药的作用靶标,通过GeneCards、CTD和OMIM数据库查询SONFH的疾病靶点。根据获取的药物靶标和疾病靶点,进一步利用TCMIP v2.0中医药关联网络分析模块构建"药物靶标-疾病靶点"相互作用网络,根据网络拓扑特征值筛选补肾活血汤治疗SONFH的核心作用靶点。利用GO和KEGG数据库,采用富集算法挖掘上述方剂核心作用靶点的生物学功能和通路信息。结果:共获得891个补肾活血汤药物靶标和365个SONFH疾病靶点。经"药物靶标-疾病靶点"相互作用网络分析,最终筛选出31个补肾活血汤治疗SONFH核心靶点,GO功能分析富集出生物过程532条、分子功能29条,KEGG信号通路富集分析出相关通路共12条,主要涉及炎症免疫调节(chemokine signaling pathway,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,NOD-like receptor signaling pathway,leukocyte transendothelial migration,Complement and coagulation cascades,cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction)、血管新生及血液循环调节(VEGF signaling pathway)、神经系统调节(neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction)和细胞功能调节(apoptosis,regulation of actin cytoskeleton)等方面。结论:结合SONFH的病理机制,排除缺乏特异性的信号通路,我们推测补肾活血汤可能通过调节TLR4/NF-κB和VEGF信号通路发挥补肾壮骨、活血化瘀的功效,这可能是其治疗SONFH的作用机制之一。  相似文献   
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Hypertension is present in almost one‐quarter of women and one‐third of men in Korea. Although mortality rates from stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) appear to be decreasing, stroke is a more common cause of cardiovascular death than MI. This may be due to better control of hypertension, but national control rates have remained stable for more than a decade (at about 45%). Korean Society of Hypertension guidelines have recommended the use of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) since 2007, but a recent survey suggests that physicians have concerns about the accuracy of HBPM devices. Nevertheless, use of HBPM is indispensable to monitoring and achieving blood pressure (BP) control. Current diagnostic and treatment thresholds and recommendations are based on Asian consensus document guidance. Use of dual combination antihypertensive therapy is slightly more common than use of monotherapy in Korea, while triple combination therapy is used less often. Angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers are the most popular choices for antihypertensive therapy and are the most widely used combination. HBPM plays an important role in evaluating and monitoring BP, particularly in Asians. Individualized cardiovascular risk assessment and better BP control are required to prevent cardiovascular diseases, but there is a need for local evidence relating to optimal BP thresholds and targets.  相似文献   
4.
目的探讨重复吸入暴露消毒剂聚六亚甲基胍(PHMG)气溶胶的肺损伤及其毒理学特征。方法将30只4周龄的C57BL/6N品系的小鼠随机分为对照组和低、高剂量组,每组雌雄各5只。以实验室Ⅱ级纯水作为溶剂对照;采用超声雾化含有PHMG水溶液产生气溶胶,低、高剂量组水溶液中PHMG浓度分别为0.1(0.01%)和1 mg/ml(0.1%),超声雾化后染毒室内PHMG的浓度分别为1.03和9.09 mg/m3。对实验小鼠进行动式呼吸暴露染毒,动物每天染毒4 h,共21 d。染毒结束后,使用肺灌洗细胞计数法对暴露后肺部炎性细胞进行评估,利用病理评价、特殊染色以及免疫组化的方法对肺部纤维化的关键指标进行评价。结果与对照组相比,高剂量组体重出现明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);低剂量组与对照组体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低剂量组小鼠肺灌洗液中炎性细胞数目降低,肺组织病理显示肺部发生损伤,伴随早期纤维化症状(P<0.05)。高剂量组可见肺组织纤维化改变。低、高剂量组肺纤维化标志物α?SMA均明显上调(P<0.05)。结论吸入PHMG消毒剂能够引起小鼠肺部损伤,导致肺纤维化的发生,提示我们在工业生产和日常使用过程中,需要对这种常用消毒剂进行特殊的警示,并采取呼吸防护措施。  相似文献   
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[目的]研究苏合香预处理对健康大鼠生理状态下的安全性及急性局灶性脑缺血病理损伤状态下的反应性,初步探索苏合香药理预适应对急性脑缺血损伤的影响,为阐明苏合香"开窍"作用提供部分实验依据。[方法]将健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham)、对照组(Vehicle)及苏合香各剂量组[Storax 0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 g/(kg·d)]。监测预给药期间各组大鼠体质量及肝肾功能以确保用药安全性。预给药5 d后,线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)模型,激光多普勒血流检测仪(LDF)监测脑血流以评价、筛选模型,于缺血24 h时评价药效:改进的Zea Longa神经功能评分评价神经功能缺损,2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色评价脑梗死体积、半球水肿率,并计算总死亡率,同时检测凝血四项以观察大鼠脑缺血急性期凝血功能。[结果]Storax 1.6 g/(kg·d)组连续灌胃给药数日后,大鼠体质量较同时同点其他各组体质量明显降低(P0.05),血浆谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、尿素(CREA)水平显著升高(P0.05),故于后续实验中取消该组以确保用药安全;与对照组比较,Storax 0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8 g/(kg·d)各组能显著降低大鼠脑缺血后半球水肿率及神经功能评分(P0.05),Storax 0.2、0.4、0.8 g/(kg·d)各组能显著降低脑梗死体积比(P0.05),并有降低死亡率的趋势;Storax 0.2、0.4、0.8 g/(kg·d)各组能显著延长血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)并降低纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量(P0.05)。[结论]苏合香药理预适应可使大鼠急性局灶性脑缺血后病理损伤程度减轻,显示其潜在的抗脑缺血作用前景,其抗脑缺血损伤作用可能与苏合香通过改善缺血后血液高凝状态而改善脑血流有关,或为苏合香"开窍"机制之一;Storax 0.8 g/(kg·d)组同时具有药理作用及部分毒理作用,Storax 0.1、0.2、0.4 g/(kg·d)组所用剂量可视为相对安全、有效。  相似文献   
6.
Goal‐directed behaviors are formulated to pursue a given objective by constructing a plan and selecting actions that lead to the intended goal, either immediately or over an extended period. This concept is important to the study of human behavior because of its involvement in the majority of complex or novel situations that an individual may encounter, regardless of the cognitive, affective, or social abilities required. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate the relevance of goal‐directed behaviors to our understanding of the cognitive deficits and other symptoms associated with schizophrenia. A systematic analysis of this relation may allow us to develop integrative hypotheses regarding positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia rather than consider them to be distinct issues. In this article, we review previous studies of goal‐directed actions in patients with schizophrenia in order to clarify the relevant concepts and provide a theoretical basis for the integration of existing results. Based on available theoretical models and data, we propose an updated model to facilitate further investigation of schizophrenia‐related impairments in goal‐directed behaviors.  相似文献   
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大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(EG)的药理作用研究在国内外取得明显的研究进展。EG对谷氨酸诱导产生的神经损伤和缺血再灌注造成的神经损伤等均具有保护作用,可以逆转β淀粉样蛋白对神经细胞功能的影响,通过可逆性抑制胆碱酯酶的活性起促智作用,具有促成骨细胞增殖和分化及抑制骨溶解作用,并能明显延长小鼠睡眠时间,能显著降低3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶活性起降血脂等作用;同时EG还具有抗菌抗病毒和抗肿瘤等作用。EG毒性较小,其药代动力学研究发现,其代谢符合单室模型一级动力学过程,在大鼠心、肝、脑和肾中分布较多,大约有45%的原形药物经尿和粪便排出体外。  相似文献   
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Morbidity and mortality associated with opioid use have been on the rise, exemplifying a major public health epidemic. Despite public health interventions, opioid-related morbidity and mortality have yet to plateau or decrease. One explanation for this phenomenon is the presence of barriers to evidence-based pharmacotherapies. Stigma has only recently been identified as a barrier to treatment. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the language used to describe opioid use disorder and associated pharmacologic treatment. Nurse practitioners must emerge as leaders in ensuring that patient-centered and nonstigmatizing language is used to improve patient outcomes.  相似文献   
10.
The aim of the study is to explore how nursing students talks about their notions on interactions in the relationship between nurse and patient. Empirical data has been obtained from 22 students in their first semester of the Swedish undergraduate nursing programme, applying thematic, individual interviews and using qualitative content analyses. The most significant finding is that although the students had none or limited pre-understanding of caring and the interaction between nurse and patient they were aware of the pre-supposes for establishing such an interplay, articulated in a desire to find out how to build an authentic and trustful caring relationship. Empirical data also show that the students, in the stage of beginners, were trying to identify and relate to basic concepts within caring science. The restricted understanding could then be understood as a matter of the students not being able to express more than they had words for. The results provide new insights into the interactions in the nurse-patient relationship, seen from the perspective of beginner students. These insights could be useful, for lecturers and clinical supervisors, who play a paramount role in the development of each student's acquisition of theoretical and practical knowledge.  相似文献   
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