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1.
在课程思政教育背景下,从学生角度、教师角度和有机化学课程特点讨论开展课程思政的必要性,结合有机化学课程特点和教学实际情况提出有机化学课程思政的实施方法:教师转变教育理念,在课堂教学中运用案例法教学,在实验教学中贯彻绿色化学思想,建立线上线下混合的教学模式。为中药类专业开展有机化学课程思政提供参考。  相似文献   
2.
目的研究小核糖体核蛋白B(SNRPB)在肝癌组织及细胞中的表达情况,以及SNRPB对肝癌细胞增殖与转移的作用。方法通过生物信息数据库starBase v3.0和GEPIA分析SNRPB在肝癌组织和正常肝脏组织中的表达,并进行肝癌患者预后生存分析;qRT-PCR和蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)分析SNRPB mRNA和蛋白在肝癌细胞系中的表达;利用RNA干扰技术(siRNA)下调SNRPB蛋白的表达,通过MTT实验观察其对肝癌细胞增殖的作用,Transwell侵袭迁移实验检测下调SNRI>B后肝癌细胞转移能力的变化;利用Western blot技术检测下调SNRPB表达后肝癌细胞上皮-间质转化(EMT)标志物的改变。数据两组间比较采用〖检验,多组间比较采用方差分析。结果SNRPB在肝癌组织中的表达明显高于正常肝脏组织,且其表达水平并与肝癌患者预后相关。与永生化肝细胞LO:相比,SNRPB在肝癌细胞系中的表达显著升高(P值均<0.01)。siRNA-SNRPB显著抑制肝癌细胞内SNRPB mRNA和蛋白表达。MTT结果显示SNRPB敲低组的吸光度值较阴性对照组降低,其中转染96 h的差值最显著(P值均<0.01)。Transwell实验结果显示,与阴性对照组相比,SNRPB敲低组肝癌细胞的侵袭(MHCC-97H:121.27±8.12对比46.38±7.54,Huh7:126.50±6.98对比41.10±8.01)和迁移(MHCC-97H:125.20±4.77对比43.18±7.32;Huh7:132.22±8.21对比38.00±6.78)能力显著降低(P值均<0.01)。Western blot显示下调SNRPB后上皮表型标志物E-钙黏蛋白表达水平下降,间质表型标志物N-钙黏蛋白和波形蛋白的表达水平上升,表明下调SNRPB抑制肝癌细胞EMT。结论SNRPB在肝癌组织及细胞中表达显著升高,并且参与调控肝癌细胞的增殖与转移及EMT。  相似文献   
3.
Species identification of unknown biological samples is crucial for forensic applications, especially in cases of explosion, disaster accidents, and body mutilation after murdering, as well as poaching, illegal trade in endangered animals, and meat food fraud. In this study, we identified 60 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fresh skeletal muscle tissues of seven different animal species (cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits, rats, chickens and carp) and a human dead body by headspace-gas-chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and compared their differences by retention time, drift time and molecular weight. The results showed that these VOCs formed different gallery plot fingerprints in the skeletal muscle tissues of the human dead body and seven animal species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed significantly different fingerprints between these species, and these fingerprints maintained good stability between the species and within the same species. Some VOCs have high species specificity, while VOCs of human fresh muscle tissues from different individual sources have little difference, demonstrating that all tested muscle tissue samples could be distinguished based on different VOCs. HS-GC-IMS has proved to be a rapid, high-throughput, highly sensitive and specific species identification method, which can be used for forensic species identification in criminal cases and disaster accidents, as well as detection in the field of food safety, such as meat fraud and adulteration.  相似文献   
4.
Gas transport concepts in vertebrates have naturally been formulated based on human blood. However, the first vertebrates were aquatic, and fish and tetrapods diverged hundreds of millions years ago. Water‐breathing vertebrates live in an environment with low and variable O2 levels, making environmental O2 an important evolutionary selection pressure in fishes, and various features of their gas transport differ from humans. Erythrocyte function in fish is of current interest, because current environmental changes affect gas transport, and because especially zebrafish is used as a model in biomedical studies, making it important to understand the differences in gas transport between fish and mammals to be able to carry out meaningful studies. Of the close to thirty thousand fish species, teleosts are the most species‐numerous group. However, two additional radiations are discussed: agnathans and elasmobranchs. The gas transport by elasmobranchs may be closest to the ancestors of tetrapods. The major difference in their haemoglobin (Hb) function to humans is their high urea tolerance. Agnathans differ from other vertebrates by having Hbs, where cooperativity is achieved by monomer‐oligomer equilibria. Their erythrocytes also lack the anion exchange pathway with profound effects on CO2 transport. Teleosts are characterized by highly pH sensitive Hbs, which can fail to become fully O2‐saturated at low pH. An adrenergically stimulated Na+/H+ exchanger has evolved in their erythrocyte membrane, and plasma‐accessible carbonic anhydrase can be differentially distributed among their tissues. Together, and differing from other vertebrates, these features can maximize O2 unloading in muscle while ensuring O2 loading in gills.  相似文献   
5.
The growing usage of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (nZVI) in the remediation of soil, ground/surface water has elicited large‐scale environmental release triggering human exposure. The size of nanomaterials is a key regulator of toxicity. However, the effect of a variable size of nZVI on genotoxicity is unexplored in human cells. To the best of our knowledge, in this study, the cytotoxic, genotoxic and hemolytic potential of nZVI‐1 (15 nm) and nZVI‐2 (50 nm) at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL was evaluated for the first time in human lymphocytes and erythrocytes treated for 3 hours. In erythrocytes, spherocytosis and echinocytosis occurred upon exposure to nZVI‐1 and nZVI‐2, respectively, leading to hemolysis. Lymphocytes treated with 20 μg/mL nZVI‐2 and 10 μg/mL nZVI‐1, incurred maximum DNA damage, although nZVI‐2 induced higher cyto‐genotoxicity than nZVI‐1. This can be attributed to higher Fe ion dissolution and time/concentration‐dependent colloidal destabilization (lower zeta potential) of nZVI‐2. Although nZVI‐1 showed higher uptake, its lower genotoxicity can be due to lesser Fe content, Fe ion dissolution and superior colloidal stability (higher zeta potential) compared with nZVI‐2. Substantial accumulation of Ca2+, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals and H2O2 leading to mitochondrial impairment and altered antioxidant enzyme activity was noted at the same concentrations. Pre‐treatment with N‐acetyl‐cysteine modulated these parameters indicating the indirect action of reactive oxygen species in nZVI‐induced DNA damage. The morphology of diffused nuclei implied the possible onset of apoptotic cell death. These results validate the synergistic role of size, ion dissolution, colloidal stability and reactive oxygen species on cyto‐genotoxicity of nZVI and unlock further prospects in its environmental nano‐safety evaluation.  相似文献   
6.
李琦  郭雷  李恩有 《安徽医药》2019,23(6):1061-1064
近年来,胃癌的发病率和病死率都呈现上升趋势,已成为威胁健康的重大疾病之一,其诊断方法一直备受关注。由于呼出气诊断癌症具有无创、依从性高、易于操作、临床应用前景广等优点,目前已经成为癌症诊断的热门研究方向。现将胃癌呼出气诊断的相关研究进展进行归纳总结。介绍目前应用于胃癌呼出气研究的分析技术,并主要阐述呼出气挥发性有机化合物、呼出气冷凝液中与胃癌相关的肿瘤标志物,以期为呼出气早期筛查和诊断胃癌提供更多的参考依据。  相似文献   
7.
The 32-mile Detroit River and surrounding tributaries have been designated as a Great Lakes Area of Concern due to pollution from decades of municipal and industrial discharges, sewer overflows and urban development. Key pollutants in fish samples from the Detroit River include mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dioxins and furans. A biomonitoring study was conducted to assess exposures to these persistent toxic substances in Detroit urban shoreline anglers who may be at high exposure risk due to consumption of locally caught fish. Using a modified venue-based sampling approach, 287 adult shoreline anglers along the Detroit River were recruited and participated in the program. Study participants provided blood and urine specimens and completed a questionnaire following informed consent. We examined percentile estimates for total blood mercury, PCBs, DDE, and dioxin-like total toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations among study participants. Multiple linear regression was used to identify important predictors of contaminant concentrations. Participants consumed a median of 64 Detroit River caught fish meals in the past year. The Detroit urban anglers’ median total blood mercury concentrations was 3.2 times higher than that for the general adult U.S. population. PCB concentrations among the Detroit anglers aged 18–39 years were higher than the U.S. population of the same race/ethnicity. Elevated levels of DDE and total TEQ concentrations were not observed in the cohort. Eating more locally caught fish was associated with higher total blood mercury and serum PCB concentrations. The biomonitoring data served to inform public health officials and help guide environmental public health actions to reduce harmful exposures.  相似文献   
8.
Two new wide bandgap block copolymers (PL1 and PL2) with porphyrin‐incorporated side chains are designed and used as electron donors for solution‐processed bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The photophysical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties, charge transport mobility and film morphology of these two block copolymers are investigated. Detailed investigations reveal that the different alkyl groups and electron‐withdrawing substituents on the porphyrin pendant units have significant influence on the polymer solubility, absorption energy level, band gap, and charge separation in the bulk‐heterojunction thin films, and thus the overall photovoltaic performances. Organic photovoltaic devices derived from these copolymers and ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester) (PC71BM) acceptor show the best power conversion efficiencies of 5.83% and 7.14%, respectively. These results show that the inclusion of a certain proportion of side chain porphyrin group as a pendant in the traditional donor‐acceptor (D‐A) type polymer can broaden the molecular absorption range and become a full‐color absorbing molecule. The size of the porphyrin pendant also has an obvious effect on the properties of the molecule.  相似文献   
9.
Solution‐processable poly(dibenzalacetone) and poly(dibenzalcyclohexanone) are prepared by the condensation of 1,4‐dialkoxy‐bisbenzaldehyde and acetone/cyclohexanone using classic Claisen–Schmidt condensation. The prepared polymers are readily soluble in common organic solvents due to the presence of alkoxy chains present on the aromatic ring. The availability of α,β‐unsaturated ketone on the backbone is readily functionalized with hydrazine hydrate to obtain poly(pyrazoline acetate), a nonconjugated polymer on the backbone, which shows enhanced emission characteristics on comparison with the pristine polymer and small molecule analogues. The highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) of levels of poly(pyrazolines) has a band gap of 1.54 eV as calculated from cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis studies. Uniform thin film is obtained by spin casting as 1% solution on chlorobenzene and annealing under vacuum. Atomic force microscopy analysis shows fine morphology of the thin film. I–V characterization of the film shows low turn‐on voltage of 5.3 V. HOMO–LUMO is calculated by density functional theory and the result suggests that these molecules have great potential toward polymer organic light‐emitting diode applications.  相似文献   
10.
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