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马赞 《中国校医》2022,36(3):200
目的 探讨腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)与全麻对老年腹部手术患者术后认知功能的影响。方法 选取本院2018年5月—2019年5月收治的82例老年腹部手术患者,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各41例。观察组应用CSEA,对照组则采用全身麻醉。比较两组的麻醉相关指标,术后6 h、12 h、24 h的精神功能状态以及患者术后短期认知功能障碍的发生率。结果 观察组麻醉起效时间(min)、完全清醒时间(min)分别为(8.19±1.04)、(28.67±5.60)与对照组的(10.17±2.12)、(37.25±6.12)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组视觉模拟评分(VAS)(3.51±1.12)与对照组的(4.27±1.15)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后6 h、12 h、24 h时的MMSE评分分别为(22.27±1.46)、(26.23±1.26)、(28.19±1.24),均高于对照组的(21.46±1.35)、(24.68±1.23)、(26.37±1.19)(P<0.05);观察组短期内POCD的发生率为4.88%,低于对照组的24.39%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对老年腹部手术患者采用CSEA,不仅能缩短麻醉起效时间和完全清醒的时间,减轻疼痛,而且对患者精神功能的影响小,可有效减少短期内认知功能障碍发生率。  相似文献   
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AIM: To describe prevalence and different clinical signs and management of cases with penetrating eye injuries during loco-regional anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical records was carried out, identifying cases of globe penetration secondary to peribulbar anesthesia injection during 5y activity in Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer. RESULTS: A total of 17 460 needle-based ocular anesthesia procedures were performed in our centre and 4 cases of globe penetration were recorded with an estimated prevalence of 0.024%. Globe penetrations were always detected in the first 24h after surgery. Vitreous haemorrhage was found in all the cases. Two eyes presented retinal detachment and two eyes choroidal detachment (CD). The initial surgical approach was performed within the first 48h. Silicone oil was used as tamponade in three eyes and the fourth case remained only with air. Detachments were solved successfully in all the cases. Functional results varied among cases, depending on ocular remarkable antecedent and globe penetration with or without retinal or CD. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of globe penetration during loco-regional anesthesia is low in our centre. Physicians should consider the possibility of globe penetration in eyes with postoperative atypical appearance after loco-regional anesthesia. Immediate B-scan ultrasonography is recommended in suspicious cases with a dense vitreous haemorrhage. An early vitrectomy surgery in conjunction with laser or cryotherapy at the penetration sites is essential for good anatomical and functional results.  相似文献   
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李军  黄悠  王儒蓉  王海平  王维  兰进 《西部医学》2022,34(2):220-224
目的 探讨肛门部良性疾病术后尿潴留的危险因素及发生率。 方法 收集2017年12月~2018年12月于成都上锦南府医院行肛门部良性疾病手术患者1870例的病例资料。根据患者术后是否发生尿潴留将病例资料分为尿潴留组和非尿潴留组。使用SAS9.4软件对收集的病例资料进行统计分析,计算肛门部良性疾病术后尿潴留的发生率,单因素Logistic回归分析筛选出术后尿潴留的危险因素,多因素Logistic回归分析确定术后尿潴留的独立危险因素。 结果 术后尿潴留的发生率为31.01%;女性患者术后尿潴留发生率高于男性患者(P<0.05);年龄>60岁的患者术后尿潴留发生率高于年龄<60岁的患者(P<0.05);已婚患者术后尿潴留发生率高于未婚患者(P<0.05);病房手术室内针刺麻醉(腰俞穴麻醉)术后尿潴留发生率低于全身麻醉、骶管麻醉、全麻联合骶管麻醉(P<0.05),后3种麻醉方式术后尿潴留发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同类型肛门部良性疾病术后尿潴留的发病率不同,混合痔术后尿潴留的发病率最高,内痔术后尿潴留的发病率最低(P<0.05);尿潴留组患者的住院时间大于非尿潴留组患者(P<0.05)。 结论 肛门部良性疾病术后尿潴留是多因素共同作用的结果。危险因素有女性、年龄>60岁、已婚、疾病种类、全身麻醉、骶管麻醉以及全麻联合骶管麻醉。其中女性、全身麻醉、骶管麻醉及全麻联合骶管麻醉为术后尿潴留的独立危险因素。  相似文献   
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目的调查深圳市麻醉科护士急救能力现状及其影响因素分析。方法采用麻醉科护士一般资料量表、护士急救能力测评问卷、评判性思维能力量表及组织支持感量表对深圳市146名麻醉科护士进行横断面调查。结果146名麻醉科护士急救能力得分为(108.36±15.62)分;多元逐步回归分析结果显示,工作时间、是否具有急诊工作经验、评判性思维能力以及组织支持感水平为影响麻醉科护士急救能力的主要因素(P<0.05),能解释总变异的72.5%。麻醉科护士的急救能力总分与评判性思维能力总分及组织支持感总分呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论深圳市麻醉科护士急救能力水平较高,但护理管理者要着重关注工作年限低、不具有急诊工作经验、评判性思维能力水平低下的护士,加强急救能力相关培训,提供高水平的组织支持,提高其工作中的急救能力。  相似文献   
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ObjectiveWe encountered a case of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) of the ovary which recurred as carcinosarcoma of the sigmoid colon. Tumor cells of both the primary carcinoma and the secondary carcinosarcoma were negative for estrogen receptor (ER), WT-1, and PAX8. It is well known that most ovarian carcinomas arising from the Müllerian duct are immunoreactive for these biologic parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that provides the results of immunohistochemical analysis of WT-1 and PAX8 for a primary carcinoma and recurrent carcinosarcoma.Case reportA 61-year-old woman had an advanced right ovarian HGSC. After a primary debulking surgery (hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy) and adjuvant chemotherapy, complete remission was achieved. However, four and a half years later, a tumor arising beside the sigmoid colon was detected. A tumorectomy was performed through combined partial resection of the ileum and sigmoid colon. Microscopically, the tumor was diagnosed as carcinosarcoma of the sigmoid colon, which had originated from HGSC of the ovary. Interestingly, the malignant cells of the primary carcinoma and epithelial components of the recurrent carcinosarcoma were negative for ER, WT-1, and PAX8. These immunohistochemical features were unusual. Three cycles of chemotherapy with the previously used regimen and three additional cycles of doxorubicin and ifosfamide combination chemotherapy were administered. Currently, 3 years after the final chemotherapy was administered, the patient remains healthy.ConclusionHGSC of the ovary can recur as carcinosarcoma. Tumor cells of the primary HGSC without ER, WT-1, and PAX8 expression may have dedifferentiated and recurred as carcinosarcoma.  相似文献   
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目的建立儿童术中低体温列线图预测模型,为术中儿童低体温评估与预防提供参考。方法选取接受手术治疗的1 086例患儿,在医院病历系统中收集相关资料。采用χ2检验、秩和检验和logistic回归分析确定影响因素,利用R软件绘制儿童术中低体温列线图预测模型。结果儿童术中低体温发生率为17.31%;年龄、术前体温≤36.9℃、血红蛋白≤118.5 g/L、禁食时间≥6 h、麻醉时间>62.6 min,是儿童术中低体温发生的独立影响因素。列线图预测儿童术中低体温风险的ROC曲线下方面积为0.698(95%CI:0.598~0.789)。结论儿童术中低体温发生率较高,应用列线图模型可快速预测低体温发生概率,及时采取针对性干预,保障患儿手术安全。  相似文献   
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Objective

To examine the experience of interracial anxiety among health professionals and how it may affect the quality of their interactions with patients from racially marginalized populations. We explored the influence of prior interracial exposure—specifically through childhood neighborhoods, college student bodies, and friend groups—on interracial anxiety among medical students and residents. We also examined whether levels of interracial anxiety change from medical school through residency.

Data Source

Web-based longitudinal survey data from the Medical Student Cognitive Habits and Growth Evaluation Study.

Study Design

We used a retrospective longitudinal design with four observations for each trainee. The study population consisted of non-Black US medical trainees surveyed in their 1st and 4th years of medical school and 2nd and 3rd years of residency. Mixed effects longitudinal models were used to assess predictors of interracial anxiety and assess changes in interracial anxiety scores over time.

Principal Findings

In total, 3155 non-Black medical trainees were followed for 7 years. Seventy-eight percent grew up in predominantly White neighborhoods. Living in predominantly White neighborhoods and having less racially diverse friends were associated with higher levels of interracial anxiety among medical trainees. Trainees' interracial anxiety scores did not substantially change over time; interracial anxiety was highest in the 1st year of medical school, lowest in the 4th year, and increased slightly during residency.

Conclusions

Neighborhood and friend group composition had independent effects on interracial anxiety, indicating that premedical racial socialization may affect medical trainees' preparedness to interact effectively with diverse patient populations. Additionally, the lack of substantial change in interracial anxiety throughout medical training suggests the importance of providing curricular tools and structure (e.g., instituting interracial cooperative learning activities) to foster the development of healthy interracial relationships.  相似文献   
10.

Background

Volatile propofol can be measured in exhaled air and correlates to plasma concentrations with a time delay. However, the effect of single-lung ventilation on exhaled propofol is unclear. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate exhaled propofol concentrations during single-lung compared to double-lung ventilation using double-lumen tubes.

Methods

In a first step, we quantified adhesion of volatile propofol to the inner surface of double-lumen tubes during double- and single-lumen ventilation in vitro. In a second step, we enrolled 30 patients scheduled for lung surgery in two study centers. Anesthesia was provided with propofol and remifentanil. We utilized left-sided double-lumen tubes to separately ventilate each lung. Exhaled propofol concentrations were measured at 1-min intervals and plasma for propofol analyses was sampled every 20 min. To eliminate the influence of dosing on volatile propofol concentration, exhalation rate was normalized to plasma concentration.

Results

In-vitro ventilation of double-lumen tubes resulted in increasing propofol concentrations at the distal end of the tube over time. In vitro clamping the bronchial lumen led to an even more pronounced increase (Δ AUC +62%) in propofol gas concentration over time. Normalized propofol exhalation during lung surgery was 31% higher during single-lung compared to double-lung ventilation.

Conclusion

During single-lung ventilation, propofol concentration in exhaled air, in contrast to our expectations, increased by approximately one third. However, this observation might not be affected by change in perfusion-ventilation during single-lung ventilation but rather arises from reduced propofol absorption on the inner surface area of the double-lumen tube. Thus, it is only possible to utilize exhaled propofol concentration to a limited extent during single-lung ventilation.

Registration of Clinical Trial

DRKS-ID DRKS00014788 ( www.drks.de ).  相似文献   
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