Slow intracellular accumulation of GABAA receptor δ subunit is modulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor

GABA_A receptors composed of the γ2 and δ subunits have distinct properties, functions and subcellular localization, and pathological conditions differentially modulate their surface expression. Recent studies demonstrate that acute seizure activity accelerated trafficking of the γ2 and β2/3 subunits but not that of the δ subunit. The trafficking of the γ2 and β2/3 subunits is relatively well understood but that of the δ subunit has not been studied. We compared intracellular accumulation of the δ and γ2 subunits in cultured hippocampal neurons using an antibody feeding technique. Intracellular accumulation of the δ subunit peaked between 3 and 6 h, whereas, maximum internalization of the γ2 subunit took 30 min. In the organotypic hippocampal slice cultures internalization of the δ subunit studied using a biotinylation assay revealed highest accumulation between 3 and 5 h and that of the γ2 subunit between 15 and 45 min. The surface half-life of the δ subunit was 171 min in cultured hippocampal neurons and 102 min in the organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. In the subsequent studies, internalization of the δ subunit was found to be dependent on network activity but independent of ligand-binding. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) reduced buildup of the δ subunit in the cytoplasmic compartments and increased its surface expression, and this BDNF effect was independent of network activity. BDNF effect was mediated by activation of TrkB receptors, PLCγ and PKC. Increase in the basal PKC activity augmented cell surface stability of the δ subunit. These results suggest that rate of intracellular accumulation of the δ subunit was distinct and modulated by BDNF.     

Ion channels,receptors, agonists and antagonists

This article describes the physiology of ion channels and the principal molecular mechanisms responsible for modulating their activity by commonly used drugs in anaesthesia and intensive care. The concept of efficient and selective transport of ions across ‘impermeable’ plasma membranes is introduced, together with the mechanisms influencing electrochemical signalling within cells. The classification and composition of voltage-gated ion channels are described in the context of their contribution to action potential generation in excitable cells. Drug–receptor interaction of the four main classes of receptor, that is, ligand-gated ion channels (in particular Cys-loop channels), G-protein-coupled, enzyme-linked and nuclear receptors, are described together with an overview of the various signal-transduction mechanisms adopted by metabotropic receptors to control cellular function. Finally, the principles of drug–receptor interaction of agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists are discussed in relation to their affinity, efficacy and potency.     

Ion channels,receptors, agonists and antagonists

This article describes the physiology of ion channels and the principal molecular mechanisms responsible for modulating their activity by commonly used drugs in anaesthesia and intensive care. The concept of efficient and selective transport of ions across ‘impermeable’ plasma membranes is introduced, together with the mechanisms influencing electrochemical signalling within cells. The classification and composition of voltage-gated ion channels are described in the context of their contribution to action potential generation in excitable cells. Drug–receptor interaction of the four main classes of receptor, that is, ligand-gated ion channels (in particular Cys-loop channels), G-protein-coupled, enzyme-linked and nuclear receptors, are described together with an overview of the various signal-transduction mechanisms adopted by metabotropic receptors to control cellular function. Finally, the principles of drug–receptor interaction of agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists are discussed in relation to their affinity, efficacy and potency.