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目的 探讨饮酒与慢性阻塞性肺疾病风险(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)的关系。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库,搜集各数据库建库至2021年11月公开发表的有关饮酒与COPD风险的观察性研究。由2位研究者根据文献纳入及排除标准独立筛选文献并提取数据。采用Stata 12.0软件进行统计学分析。 结果 共纳入8篇文献(2篇队列研究文献和6篇横断面研究文献),共纳入209 489例研究对象。meta分析结果显示,与最低饮酒量组相比,最高饮酒量组发生COPD的风险无显著变化(RR=0.97, 95%CI:0.87~1.08);与不饮酒组相比,少量或中度饮酒组发生COPD的风险降低(RR=0.87, 95%CI:0.81~0.94);与少量或中度饮酒组相比,过量饮酒组发生COPD的风险无显著变化(RR=1.26, 95%CI:0.98~1.63)。 结论 meta分析结果提示少量或中度饮酒可降低COPD的风险。过量饮酒是否会增加COPD的风险尚需进一步研究。  相似文献   
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Many environmental risk factors for hepatobiliary cancers are known but whether they are associated with specific cancer types is unclear. We present here a novel approach of assessing standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of previously diagnosed comorbidities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and ampullary cancer. The 13 comorbidities included alcohol and nonalcohol related liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gallstone disease, viral and other kinds of hepatitis, infection of bile ducts, hepatic and other autoimmune diseases, obesity and diabetes. Patients were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to 2018, and their cancers were followed from 1997 onwards. SIRs for HCC were 80 to 100 in men and women diagnosed with hepatitis C virus and they were also >10 in patients diagnosed with hepatitis B virus, other kind of hepatitis, hepatic autoimmune disease and nonalcohol related liver disease. Many of these risks, as well as alcohol related liver disease, were either specific to HCC or were shared with intrahepatic CCA. For GBC, CCA and ampullary cancer infection of bile ducts was the main risk factor. Gallstone disease, nonhepatic autoimmune diseases and diabetes were associated with all hepatobiliary cancers. The limitations of the study include inability to cover some rare risk factors and limited follow-up time. Many of the considered comorbidities are characterized by chronic inflammation and/or overt immune disturbance in autoimmune diseases. The results suggest that local chronic inflammation and a related immune disturbance is the carcinogenic trigger for all these cancers.  相似文献   
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Background

High alcohol intake is associated with increased mortality. We aimed to identify factors affecting mortality in people drinking extreme amounts of alcohol.

Methods

We obtained information from the UK Biobank on approximately 500,000 participants aged 40–70 years at baseline assessment in 2006–2010. Habitual alcohol intake, lifestyle and physiological data, laboratory test results, and hospital diagnoses and death certificate data (to June 2020) for 5136 men (2.20% of male participants) and 1504 women (0.60%) who reported consuming ≥80 or ≥50 g/day, respectively, were used in survival analysis.

Results

Mortality hazard ratios for these excessive drinkers, compared to all other participants, were 2.02 (95% CI 1.89–2.17) for all causes, 1.89 (1.69–2.12) for any cancer, 1.87 (1.61–2.17) for any circulatory disease, and 9.40 (7.00–12.64) for any liver disease. Liver disease diagnosis or abnormal liver function tests predicted not only deaths attributed to liver disease but also those from cancers or circulatory diseases. Mortality among excessive drinkers was also associated with quantitative alcohol intake; diagnosed alcohol dependence, harmful use, or withdrawal syndrome; and current smoking at assessment.

Conclusions

People with chronic excessive alcohol intake experience decreased average survival, but there is substantial variation in their mortality, with liver abnormality and alcohol dependence or other alcohol use disorders associated with a worse prognosis. Clinically, patients with these risk factors and high alcohol intake should be considered for early or intensive management. Research can usefully focus on the factors predisposing to dependence or liver abnormality.  相似文献   
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Military veterans have greater exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) than civilians and many also encounter warfare exposures, which can increase the likelihood of mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to test an interaction between childhood traumas and warfare exposures on the mental health of a sample of nearly 10,000 new post-9/11 veterans. Results revealed that male veterans exposed to one or two ACEs, but no warfare, were more likely to experience anxiety, depression, suicidal thinking, and angry outbursts than the reference group (i.e., no ACEs and no warfare exposure). Female veterans exposed to one or two ACEs, but no warfare, were only more likely to experience suicidal thinking. Male and female veterans exposed to three or more ACEs and no warfare were more likely to experience probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, suicidality, and angry outbursts. Among those veterans who experienced corollaries of combat only (e.g., seeing someone killed or seriously wounded), male, but not female veterans were more likely to have probable PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Veterans exposed to warfare (i.e., combat and the corollaries of combat), irrespective of ACEs exposure, were the most likely to report mental health symptoms. Implications for community-based mental health services are discussed.  相似文献   
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