Hb Amsterdam-A1 [α32(B13)Met→Ile; HBA1: c.99G>A]: A Hyperunstable Variant Due to a New Mutation on the α1 Gene

Patients with hyperunstable α chain variants usually present with a thalassemic, rather than hemolytic, phenotype. Electrophoretic, ion exchange and reverse phase separations usually fail to detect the variant and when DNA sequencing identifies a ‘silent’ substitution it is usually presumed to be hyperunstable. We report the identification of such a variant, α32(B13)Met→Ile; HBA1: c.99G>A, arising from a new mutation on the α1 gene. The hemoglobin (Hb) was unequivocally detected by the isopropanol stability test and confirmed as hyperunstable by mass spectrometry (MS) of the precipitate and lysate, which showed proportions of 55% and 2.5% of α chains, respectively. The instability appears to be driven by perturbation of globin-heme, and possibly α1β1 subunit, interactions.     

气相色谱法测定头孢噻肟钠的残留溶媒

目的 :建立了用气相色谱法测定头孢噻肟钠样品中的残留溶媒丙酮、异丙醇的含量的方法。实验以正丙醇为内标物 ,采用OV1 70 1弹性石英熔融毛细管柱 (5 0mm× 0 .2 5mm× 0 .30 μm)。载气 :氮气 ,流量 1 .2mL/min ,分流比 1∶6 0 ;柱温 (程序升温 ) :初始柱温 4 5℃ ,保持时间 3min ;升温速率 2 0℃ /min ;终点温度 1 0 5℃。FID检测器 ,温度 2 5 0℃。气化室温度 2 5 0℃。结果 :丙酮、异丙醇在 30～ 1 5 0 μg/mL范围内与内标峰面积比有良好的线性关系 (丙酮 :r =0 .9997;异丙醇 :r =0 9996 ) ;回收率 :丙酮为 99.7% ,RSD =1 .9% ,(n =9) ;异丙醇为 99.5 %RSD =2 .0 % ,(n =9)。结论 :本法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,为有效控制头孢噻肟钠的残留溶媒建立了可靠的方法     

Quality of healing of gastric ulcers: Natural products beyond acid suppression简

Gastric ulcer is a chronic disease featured with unexpected complications, including bleeding, stenosis and perforation, as well as a high incidence of recurrence. Clinical treatments for gastric ulcer have allowed the rapid development of potent anti-ulcer drugs during the last several decades. Gastric ulcer healing is successful with conventional treatments including H₂-receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been essential for ulcer healing and prevention of complications. Additionally, Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is effective in reducing ulcer recurrence and leads to physiological changes in the gastric mucosa which affect the ulcer healing process. However, in spite of these advancements, some patients have suffered from recurrence or intractability in spite of continuous anti-ulcer therapy. A new concept of the quality of ulcer healing (QOUH) was initiated that considers the reconstruction of the mucosal structure and its function for preventing ulcer recurrence. Although several gastroprotection provided these achievements of the QOUH, which PPI or other acid suppressants did not accomplish, we found that gastroprotection that originated from natural products, such as a newer formulation from either Artemisia or S-allyl cysteine from garlic, were very effective in the QOUH, as well as improving clinical symptoms with fewer side effects. In this review, we will introduce the importance of the QOUH in ulcer healing and the achievements from natural products.     

顶空气相色谱法检测他达拉非原料药中4种溶剂残留量

目的建立测定他达拉非原料药中4种常见溶剂(甲醇、乙腈、异丙醇、四氢呋喃)残留量的顶空气相色谱法。方法采用顶空进样方式,分离柱采用DB-624柱(30 m×0.53 mm,3.0μm),程序升温,进样口温度为230℃,分流比为5∶1,载气为高纯氮气(纯度为99.999%),载气流速为1.8 mL/min;采用氢火焰离子化检测器检测,检测器温度为250℃。外标法定量。结果甲醇、乙腈、异丙醇、四氢呋喃的质量浓度线性范围分别为0.66~1.5 mg/mL,0.0082~0.205 mg/mL,0.06~1.5 mg/mL,0.0144~0.36 mg/mL;平均加样回收率分别为101.22%,100.59%,97.74%,100.73%,RSD分别为4.67%,2.63%,1.01%,2.28%(n=6);检测限分别为2μg/mL,8μg/mL,5μg/mL,6μg/mL。结论该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,准确性好,为可他达拉非中有机溶剂残留量的控制提供依据。     

分子印迹中空纤维复合膜对异丙醇/水体系的渗透汽化

以聚砜(PSF)中空纤维超滤为基膜,二苯甲酰-L-酒石酸(L-DBTA)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,采用表面热聚合方法制备了L-DBTA印迹中空纤维复合膜。该复合膜对异丙醇/水体系具有很好的分离效果,对于w=0.20和0.50的异丙醇/水体系,经过一次浸膜制得的L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜的分离因子分别为2 400和5 690,通量分别为1 440 g/(m2.h)和551 g/(m2.h);对于w=0.95的异丙醇/水体系,浸膜液浓缩一倍,经过两次浸膜制得的L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜分离因子可达82 100,渗透通量可达739 g/(m2.h);对于异丙醇/水体系,通过实验,获得了L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜与一般渗透汽化膜相反的分离规律:料液温度升高,L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜的渗透通量下降;随着料液浓度的升高,分离因子出现最大值时的温度逐渐升高。     

754 exposures to reed diffusers reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service 2010–2014

Objective: The objective of this study is to review the reported toxicity of reed diffuser fragrance liquid which, in addition to essential oils, commonly contains glycol ethers but other ingredients and/or alternatives are 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol, petroleum distillates, ethanol and isopropanol. Methods: We analysed retrospectively enquiries to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014. Results: 754 patients were exposed to reed diffusers; the majority (n?=?712) were children?<?5 years. Ingestion was the most common route of exposure (706 of 754 patients) and involved the liquid alone (n?=?570), water beads alone (n?=?84), sucking on the reeds (n?=?31) or ingesting the liquid and water beads (n?=?21). The reported amount of fragrance liquid ingested was known in only 76 of 591 cases (12.9%), with a median (IQR) volume of 20.0 (IQR?=?10–40) mL. The WHO/IPCS/EC/EAPCCT Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) was known in 702 of 706 sole ingestions: in 574 (81.3%), the PSS was 0 (asymptomatic); in 117 (16.6%) patients, the PSS was 1 (minor toxicity); in 11 (1.6%), the PSS was 2 (moderate toxicity); there were no patients with features graded PSS 3 (severe toxicity). Significantly (p?=?0.008) more patients became symptomatic (PSS 1 and PSS 2) following the ingestion of a reed diffuser containing 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol than propylene glycol monobutyl ether, though there was no significant difference when compared with those containing dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (p?=?0.181). The most common features following ingestion of fragrance liquid were nausea and vomiting (n?=?53), coughing (n?=?17) and CNS depression (n?=?9). Seven patients suffered eye exposure alone: two developed eye pain and four conjunctivitis. Dermal exposure alone was reported in six patients, two of whom developed skin irritation. Conclusions: The majority of patients in our study developed no features or only minor symptoms following ingestion of reed diffuser fragrance liquid.     

醛醇复方消毒液杀菌性能试验研究

醛醇复方消毒液由戊二醛、异丙醇等成分组成的液体制剂,为了研究其杀菌能力,对其进行了载体定量杀菌试验与消毒相关性能观察。结果,以含20 g/L戊二醛与体积分数20%~40%异丙醇复方消毒液在碱性条件下,对载体上枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢作用40 m in,平均杀灭率为99.9%以上;作用至120 m in,杀灭率达到100%。该醛醇复方消毒液在碱性条件下杀菌效果较好,随pH值降低杀菌效果下降。该复方消毒液稳定性较差,不宜长期储存。结论,醛醇复方消毒液对载体上枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢杀灭效果较好,但稳定性较差。     

Riding (High) into the danger zone: a review of potential differences in chemical exposures in fighter pilots resulting from high altitude and G-forces

Introduction: When in flight, pilots of high performance aircraft experience conditions unique to their profession. Training flights, performed as often as several times a week, can expose these pilots to altitudes in excess of 15 km (~50,000 ft, with a cabin pressurized to an altitude of ~20,000 ft), and the maneuvers performed in flight can exacerbate the G-forces felt by the pilot. While the pilots specifically train to withstand these extreme conditions, the physiologic stress could very likely lead to differences in the disposition of chemicals in the body, and consequently, dangerously high exposures. Unfortunately, very little is known about how the conditions experienced by fighter pilots affects chemical disposition.

Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to present information about the effects of high altitude, G-forces, and other conditions experienced by fighter pilots on chemical disposition. Using this information, the expected changes in chemical exposure will be discussed, using isopropyl alcohol as an example.

Expert opinion: There is a severe lack of information concerning the effects of the fighter pilot environment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chemicals. Given the possibility of exposure prior to or during flight, it is important that these potential effects be investigated further.