Iron-deficiency and dopaminergic treatment effects on RLS-Like behaviors of an animal model with the brain iron deficiency pattern of the restless legs syndrome

BackgroundBrain iron deficiency (BID), especially for the substantia nigra (SN), without peripheral iron deficiency (ID) has been well documented as a ubiquitous finding for restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients. This close association suggests the biology of RLS BID can produce RLS symptoms. Association, however, cannot establish such a direct relationship. Instead, the BID of RLS could be experimentally produced to determine if it then produces significant RLS-like biological or behavioral features. Forward genetics approach led to identification from the BXD strains the BXD40 females (BXD40f) as a putative animal model for the RLS BID. The BXD40f on an iron-sufficient diet have a lower iron in the VMB (containing the SN) during the active but not inactive period. This was not found for the other BXD strains evaluated. The BXD40f on an ID diet uniquely have even greater reduced VMB but not peripheral iron, matching the RLS BID pathophysiology. A prior report found that the BXD40f on an iron-sufficient diet had an RLS-like behavior of increased activity occurring only in the last part of the active period that was not present in the other strains without the low VMB iron. This increased activity matches the circadian pattern of symptoms in RLS patients with increased urge or drive to move in the last part of the day. This study asks first: if you decrease the VMB iron by an iron deficient diet do the RLS-like behaviors worsen; and second will the dopaminergic treatments effective for RLS also reduce the worsened RLSlike behaviors.MethodsIn sum, 13 BXD40f mice post weaning were randomly assigned for 100 days to either a iron-sufficient diet (n = 6) or an ID diet (N = 7). They were then evaluated for 24-h activity in their home cage using implanted G2 EMitter telemetry device. At 3 h before the end of the active period IP doses were given every other day of either: saline (vehicle only), 12.5 mg levodopa, 25 mg levodopa, 0.5 mg quinpirole, or 1 0.0 mg quinpirole.ResultsThe ID compared to irons-sufficient diet produced earlier onset of the RLS-like behavior matching the earlier onset of symptoms with increasing severity of RLS. The dopaminergic treatments significantly reduced the RLS-like behavior. Added analyses of the RLS-like behaviors as decreased resting times showed similar results to activity increases.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate both that The BXD40f provide a useful animal model of RLS and also strongly support the hypothesis that the biology of RLS BID can produce RLS symptoms.     

以胸大肌肱骨止点确定肱骨假体高度的临床体会

目的探讨胸大肌肌腱肱骨止点(pectoralismajor tendon,PMT)上缘作为半肩置换术中假体高度定位参考的临床应用。方法2014年1月至2014年12月间行切开解剖复位钢板内固定的肱骨近端骨折病例12例,男4例,女8例;年龄56~72岁,平均(65.3±5.2)岁。测量PMT上缘到肱骨头最高点的平均距离为(5.21±0.42)cm。2015年1月至2018年12月的38例老年严重肱骨近端骨折行半肩置换的患者,参照PMT上缘到肱骨头最高点的距离5.2 cm确定肱骨假体高度,男7例,女31例;年龄60~82岁,平均(72.0±6.5)岁。术后3个月拍摄双侧肱骨全长X线片并测量长度,比较双侧差异是否有统计学意义。根据对侧肱骨长度(humeruslength,HL),采用HL×0.176计算PMT到肱骨头最高点距离,与(5.21±0.42)cm比较差异是否有统计学意义。结果所有患者均随访3个月,半肩置换侧肱骨全长与对侧肱骨全长分别为(32.41±2.47)cm、(31.93±2.82)cm,比较差异无统计学意义。根据对侧HL×0.176计算PMT到肱骨头最高点距离为(5.61±2.82)cm,与(5.21±0.42)cm比较差异无统计学意义。结论PMT可以作为肱骨假体高度的可靠参照,PMT上缘到肱骨头最高点距离为(5.21±0.42)cm,可以作为参考数值之一。     

Sleep duration and daytime sleepiness in a large sample of Brazilian high school adolescents

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and main factors associated with short and long sleep duration and excessive daytime sleepiness in Brazilian adolescents.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 11.525 students of both genders, aged 14–17 years, from the public high-school system. Sleep duration was assessed by self-report and <8 h of sleep per day was considered short sleep and >10 h, long sleep. Socio-demographic and behavioral factors were investigated through a purpose-built questionnaire and daytime somnolence was assessed by the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS).ResultsThe overall prevalence of short and long sleep was 54.7% and 3.3%, respectively. Frequency of short sleep was lowest in the afternoon shift (38.2%) and highest in the morning shift (62.9%) and full-day students (70.0%). Insufficient sleep was more frequent in working (63.0%) than non-working adolescents (53.1%; p = 0.001) and among those who used their cell phone before bedtime (56.3%) compared to non-users (49.7%, p = 0.001). On average, ESS score was higher in subjects with short and long sleep (respectively, 9.7 ± 4.4 and 10.0 ± 4.5) compared to those with normal sleep duration (8.9 ± 4.2; p = 0.001).ConclusionInsufficient sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness are very common among urban high-school Brazilian adolescents. Full day and morning school shifts are associated with short sleep and daytime somnolence, suggesting later start times may have a role in reducing sleep loss in these subjects. Older age, work activity, and cell phone use before bedtime, are also risk factors for of short sleep in adolescents. Although less common, long sleep can also be associated with excessive daytime sleepiness.     

张卫华教授独特进针行针手法

张卫华教授在传承传统进针和行针手法的基础上,根据人体解剖位置、患病部位特征确定相应的进针手法,头部穴位应用飞针走气、颈腰部夹脊穴应用雀啄提插进针法;行针方面创立了滞针外甩、左右扇形摆动、顺逆时针环转、上抬下压,不仅局部针感明显,临床疗效更佳,值得推广应用。     

妊娠早期绒毛膜下出血与胎盘脐带附着异常的相关性研究

【】 目的 研究通过超声检测分析妊娠早期绒毛膜下出血程度对与妊娠中期胎盘形态脐带附着部位的影响之间的相关性,提高对脐带附着异常发病机制的认识。方法 以2017年25月-2018年117月经超声诊断妊娠早期绒毛膜下出血的7979例孕妇为研究对象,按照有无血肿和出血面积与孕囊面积的比值分为三四组：正常组、少量出血组、中等量出血组,大量出血组,同时收集早孕超声检查正常、无任何并发症的妊娠孕妇102例为对照组,超声随访记录胎儿结构筛查期二维超声及彩色多普勒超声记录脐带附着部位,孕期严密随访至分娩,并于分娩或剖宫产后检查胎盘,观察是否存在胎盘、脐带异常妊娠中期胎盘厚度、胎盘附着面积大小、胎盘实质有无血池及有无脐带附着部位异常等观察指标,并进行χ2检验或Fisher’s 确切概率法检验。结果 7979例妊娠早期绒毛膜下出血,结构筛查期妊娠中期胎盘增厚、胎盘附着面积局限,胎盘实质内血池,以及脐带异常附着的发生率分别为64.56% 、46.84% 、53.16%、13.92%,其结果明显高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；脐带附着胎盘形态异常的发生率随妊娠早期绒毛膜下出血程度的加重而增加,少量出血自行吸收快,对胎盘形态的影响脐带附着位置影响较小,胎盘增厚、胎盘附着面积局限,胎盘实质内血池,脐带异常附着发生率依次为30.30%、9.09%、27.27%、为3.03%,中等量出血发生率分别为：95.45%、72.73%、68.18%、13.64%,大量出血发生率分别为：83.33%、75.00%、75.00%、29.17%,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 妊娠早期发生不同程度的绒毛膜下出血与,妊娠过程中脐带异常附着具有相关性,了解绒毛膜下出血对脐带附着位置的影响,进一步明确脐带附着异常的发病机制,胎盘形态更容易发生改变,超声监测妊娠早期血肿大小能间接反映胎盘功能,从而指导妊娠,最大限度减少不良妊娠的发生。     

The Effect of Homelessness on Patient Wait Times in the Emergency Department

BackgroundProlonged emergency department (ED) wait times could potentially lead to increased morbidity and mortality. While previous work has demonstrated disparities in wait times associated with race, information about the relationship between experiencing homelessness and ED wait times is lacking.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between residence status (undomiciled vs. domiciled) and ED wait times. We hypothesized that being undomiciled would be associated with longer wait times.MethodsWe obtained data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2014 to 2017. We compared wait times in each triage category using t tests. We used multivariate linear regression to explore associations between residence status and wait times while controlling for other patient- and hospital-level variables.ResultsOn average, undomiciled patients experienced significantly longer mean ED wait times than domiciled patients (53.4 vs. 38.9 min; p < 0.0001). In the multivariate model, undomiciled patients experienced significantly different wait times by 15.5 min (p = 0.0002). Undomiciled patients experienced increasingly longer waits vs. domiciled patients for the emergent and urgent triage categories (+33.5 min, p < 0.0001, and +22.7 min, p < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsUndomiciled patients experience longer ED wait times when compared with domiciled patients. This disparity is not explained by undomiciled patients seeking care in the ED for minor illness, because the disparity is more pronounced for urgent and emergent triage categories.     

A new emerging serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in China is rapidly becoming the main epidemic strain

ObjectivesDuring surveillance, we found a new type of Vibrio parahaemolyticus named ‘O4:KUT-recAin’ and studied the phenotypic, pathogenic and epidemiological characteristics of O4:KUT-recAin.MethodsV. parahaemolyticus were isolated from acute diarrhoeal patients in coastal hospitals of China. Serum agglutination test, specific PCR assay, growth curves under different conditions and rabbit diarrhoeal models were using to characterize O4:KUT-recAin.ResultsThe O4:KUT-recAin strain has a new type of K antigen and a 25 043-bp-large fragment encoding 20 proteins inserted in the housekeeping gene recA. Retrospective analysis found that only one O4:KUT-recAin strain was detected in 563 V. parahaemolyticus strains in 2014; then the proportion increased rapidly and reached 17.8% (105/590) in 2016 and 31.1% (224/721) in 2017, making O4:KUT-recAin the second dominant serotype following O3:K6. O4:KUT-recAin strains (100%, 14/14) exhibited increased acid resistance and could reproduce in medium at pH 4.9, while 92.9% (13/14) of the O3:K6 strains could not grow at this pH value. O4:KUT-recAin could cause diarrhoea and small intestinal tissue lesions in infant rabbits, but its diarrhoeal (93.1%, 27/29) and mortality (78.6%, 22/28) rates were slightly lower than those of O3:K6 (100% 16/16, 100% 16/16). Based on diarrhoea patients, there were no significant differences in the two groups for most clinical symptoms and laboratory results, except media age, haemoglobin and the number of red blood cells in stool samples.ConclusionsO4:KUT-recAin had enhanced acid resistance, was capable of causing infectious diarrhoea in both rabbits and humans, and has become widespread during a short period of time in China.