全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14044篇 |
免费 | 1007篇 |
国内免费 | 723篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 68篇 |
儿科学 | 110篇 |
妇产科学 | 13篇 |
基础医学 | 2468篇 |
口腔科学 | 20篇 |
临床医学 | 437篇 |
内科学 | 546篇 |
皮肤病学 | 17篇 |
神经病学 | 8291篇 |
特种医学 | 181篇 |
外科学 | 192篇 |
综合类 | 1631篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 235篇 |
眼科学 | 47篇 |
药学 | 1059篇 |
中国医学 | 404篇 |
肿瘤学 | 54篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 75篇 |
2022年 | 88篇 |
2021年 | 305篇 |
2020年 | 294篇 |
2019年 | 277篇 |
2018年 | 241篇 |
2017年 | 321篇 |
2016年 | 357篇 |
2015年 | 361篇 |
2014年 | 529篇 |
2013年 | 650篇 |
2012年 | 725篇 |
2011年 | 685篇 |
2010年 | 758篇 |
2009年 | 658篇 |
2008年 | 755篇 |
2007年 | 728篇 |
2006年 | 758篇 |
2005年 | 637篇 |
2004年 | 593篇 |
2003年 | 625篇 |
2002年 | 491篇 |
2001年 | 391篇 |
2000年 | 305篇 |
1999年 | 325篇 |
1998年 | 380篇 |
1997年 | 334篇 |
1996年 | 244篇 |
1995年 | 235篇 |
1994年 | 219篇 |
1993年 | 213篇 |
1992年 | 183篇 |
1991年 | 189篇 |
1990年 | 149篇 |
1989年 | 116篇 |
1988年 | 126篇 |
1987年 | 127篇 |
1986年 | 258篇 |
1985年 | 272篇 |
1984年 | 189篇 |
1983年 | 161篇 |
1982年 | 127篇 |
1981年 | 145篇 |
1980年 | 102篇 |
1979年 | 22篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 750 毫秒
1.
目的观察丙泊酚麻醉对老龄大鼠认知功能及海马神经元γ-氨基丁酸A(GABA)受体表达的影响。方法50只SD老年大鼠随机分为丙泊酚组和对照组,每组25只。丙泊酚组大鼠腹腔注射1%丙泊酚中/长链脂肪乳注射液6 mL/kg,对照组腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水。麻醉后1 d进行Morris水迷宫实验,分别采用HE染色和尼氏体染色观察海马区神经细胞及尼氏体(Nissl体)形态学变化,Western Blot检测GABA蛋白量表达。结果麻醉后,2组大鼠肛温、心率、呼吸频率、血氧饱和度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着实验时间的延长,2组大鼠逃逸潜伏期、总里程数逐渐减小,丙泊酚组大鼠各时间点逃逸潜伏期、总里程均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。丙泊酚组大鼠穿越平台区域次数、时间小于、短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组海马区Nissl体存在于细胞浆及树突,染色较深,神经细胞排列整齐,形态规则;丙泊酚组Nissl体消失,神经细胞数量减少,细胞核破裂、丢失。丙泊酚组大鼠海马GABA蛋白表达量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚对大鼠认知功能有影响,并与海马区GABA的表达相关。 相似文献
目的:探讨朱砂安神丸对条件性恐惧大鼠恐惧记忆的影响及作用机制。 方法:将90只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、给药组,每组30只;给药组大鼠灌胃给予朱砂安神丸混悬液(给药体积为每100 g大鼠体质量0.9 mL),空白组、模型组大鼠给予等量的双蒸水,各组大鼠均连续干预7 d。末次给药后复制条件性恐惧模型。通过条件性恐惧实验监测系统观察各组大鼠的僵直反应时间,考察朱砂安神丸对恐惧记忆的影响;通过电生理实验和透射电镜技术,考察朱砂安神丸对海马功能结构可塑性的影响。 结果:与模型组比较,给药组(朱砂安神丸)能有效促进条件性恐惧大鼠恐惧记忆消退,恐惧记忆习得阶段及消退阶段僵直反应时间明显减少,运动时间、运动距离明显增加,诱发海马部位LTP其PS幅值明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01);海马神经元突触数目较多,突触各部分结构完好、界限清晰,海马突触活性区长度及PSD厚度明显增大,突触间隙宽度明显减小(P<0.05,P<0.01);海马神经元细胞各结构完整清晰,细胞核大,细胞浆内细胞器较多、形态较好。 结论:朱砂安神丸具有促进恐惧记忆消退的作用,其作用机制与保护海马神经元、调节海马突触结构和功能可塑性有关。 相似文献
3.
The specific role of postsynaptic activity for the generation of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response was determined by a simultaneous measurement of generated field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in the rat hippocampal CA1 region during electrical stimulation of the contralateral CA3 region. The stimulation electrode was placed either in the left CA3a/b or CA3c, causing the preferentially basal or apical dendrites of the pyramidal cells in the right CA1 to be activated. Consecutive stimulations with low-intensity stimulation trains (i.e., 16 pulses for 8 seconds) resulted in clear postsynaptic responses of CA1 pyramidal cells, but in no significant BOLD responses. In contrast, consecutive high-intensity stimulation trains resulted in stronger postsynaptic responses that came along with minor (during stimulation of the left CA3a/b) or substantial (during stimulation of the left CA3c) spiking activity of the CA1 pyramidal cells, and resulted in the generation of significant BOLD responses in the left and right hippocampus. Correlating the electrophysiologic parameters of CA1 pyramidal cell activity (fEPSP and spiking activity) with the resultant BOLD response revealed no positive correlation. Consequently, postsynaptic activity of pyramidal cells, the most abundant neurons in the CA1, is not directly linked to the measured BOLD response. 相似文献
4.
Sanne J. H. van Rooij Ryan D. Smith Anaïs F. Stenson Timothy D. Ely Xinyi Yang Nim Tottenham Jennifer S. Stevens Tanja Jovanovic 《Depression and anxiety》2020,37(4):303-312
Most studies investigating the effect of childhood trauma on the brain are retrospective and mainly focus on maltreatment, whereas different types of trauma exposure such as growing up in a violent neighborhood, as well as developmental stage, could have differential effects on brain structure and function. The current magnetic resonance imaging study assessed the effect of trauma exposure broadly and violence exposure more specifically, as well as developmental stage on the fear neurocircuitry in 8‐ to 14‐year‐old children and adolescents (N = 69). We observed reduced hippocampal and increased amygdala volume with increasing levels of trauma exposure. Second, higher levels of violence exposure were associated with increased activation in the amygdala, hippocampus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during emotional response inhibition. This association was specifically observed in children younger than 10 years. Finally, increased functional connectivity between the amygdala and brainstem was associated with higher levels of violence exposure. Based on the current findings, it could be hypothesized that trauma exposure during childhood results in structural changes that are associated with later risk for psychiatric disorders. At the same time, it could be postulated that growing up in an unsafe environment leads the brain to functionally adapt to this situation in a way that promotes survival, where the long‐term costs or consequences of these adaptations are largely unknown and an area for future investigations. 相似文献
5.
Hiroki Toyoda 《Synapse (New York, N.Y.)》2019,73(7)
The insular cortex plays essential roles in nicotine addiction. However, much is still unknown about its cellular and synaptic mechanisms responsible for nicotine addiction. We have previously shown that in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the mouse insular cortex, activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) suppresses synaptic potentiation through enhancing GABAergic synaptic transmission, although it enhances both glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission. In the present study, we examined whether dopamine receptors might contribute to the nicotine‐induced inhibition of synaptic potentiation. The nicotine‐induced inhibition of synaptic potentiation was decreased in the presence of a D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH23390 irrespective of the presence of a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride, suggesting that D1 dopamine receptors are involved in nicotine‐induced inhibition. We also investigated how dopamine receptors might contribute to the nAChR‐induced enhancement of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission. The nAChR‐induced enhancement of GABAergic synaptic transmission was decreased in the presence of SCH23390 irrespective of the presence of sulpiride, whereas that of glutamatergic synaptic transmission was not altered in the presence of SCH23390 and sulpiride. These results suggest that D1 dopamine receptors are involved in the nAChR‐induced enhancement of GABAergic synaptic transmission while dopamine receptors are not involved in that of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. These observations indicate that the interaction between nAChRs and D1 dopamine receptors plays critical roles in synaptic activities in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the mouse insular cortex. These insular synaptic changes might be associated with nicotine addiction. 相似文献
6.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration, which leads to progressive paralysis of skeletal muscles and, ultimately, respiratory failure between 2–5 years after symptom onset. Unfortunately, currently accepted treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are extremely scarce and only provide modest benefit. As a consequence, a great effort is being done by the scientific community in order to achieve a better understanding of the different molecular and cellular processes that influence the progression and/or outcome of this neuropathological condition and, therefore, unravel new potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Interestingly, a growing number of experimental evidences have recently shown that, besides its well-known physiological roles in the developing and adult central nervous system, the Wnt family of proteins is involved in different neuropathologica conditions, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These proteins are able to modulate, at least, three different signaling pathways, usually known as canonical(β-catenin dependent) and non-canonical(β-catenin independent) signaling pathways. In the present review, we aim to provide a general overview of the current knowledge that supports the relationship between the Wnt family of proteins and its associated signaling pathways and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathology, as well as their possible mechanisms of action. Altogether, the currently available knowledge suggests that Wnt signaling modulation might be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate the histopathological and functional deficits associated to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and thus improve the progression and outcome of this neuropathology. 相似文献
7.
目的研究离体培养的海马神经元LKB1表达下调对于神经元微小兴奋性突触后电流(mEP-SC)的影响。方法选用17d的胚胎大鼠培养海马神经元,分别用电穿孔的方法转染CAG-RE质粒和LKB1RNAi质粒,培养10~12d后进行电生理记录,选用全细胞膜片钳方式及自由记录模式,细胞外液加TTX阻断动作电位,加Bicucullin抑制GABA电流,记录神经元的mEPSC,比较2组神经元的mEPSC频率和幅度的差别。结果转染CAG-RE的神经元mEPSC幅度平均为25.6pA,频率平均为(5.21±0.25)Hz,是基线的99.8%;转染LKB1RNAi的神经元mEPSC幅度平均为35.1pA,频率平均为(5.79±0.27)Hz,是基线的127.1%;比较2组间频率、幅度变化,差别有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论LKB1基因表达下调增强了培养海马神经元突触传递的效率。 相似文献
8.
γ-干扰素对大鼠胚胎基底前脑及隔区核团胆碱能神经元分化的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究γ-干扰素(IFNγ)对大鼠胚胎基底前脑及隔区核团胆碱能神经元分化的作用,采用免疫组织化学方法对胆碱能神经元的特异性标记酶-胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT)进行染色,ChAT阳性细胞的数量反映了胆碱能神经元的数量,并用14C-乙酰CoA作底物来检测ChAT活性。结果显示,IFNγ处理过的实验组,ChAT阳性细胞数量显著增加,ChAT活性也增加,这种增加被大鼠抗小鼠IFNγ单克隆抗体(Ab-IFNγ)完全拮抗。采用流式细胞术对细胞周期进行分析,细胞周期及细胞百分率无明显改变。用MAP2标记神经细胞,神经细胞数基本未增加。以上结果提示:IFNγ不能促进基底前脑和隔区神经元增殖,胆碱能神经元表达增加不是因为神经元数目增加而是分化的结果。 相似文献
9.
丹参对持续癫痫幼鼠脑损伤保护作用的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 探讨丹参对持续癫痫发作诱发幼鼠脑神经元损伤是否具有保护作用。方法 皮下及腹腔注射贝美格针诱发健康幼龄鼠癫痫持续状态发作。光镜下观察神经元病变情况;电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变。结果 持续癫痴组幼鼠脑组织光镜下可见明显的神经元病变。电镜下可见海马区神经元的超微结构病变。丹参治疗组神经元病变均轻于持续癫痴组;而正常对照组未见类似病变。结论 丹参在组织、细胞和亚细胞水平对持续癫病幼鼠脑神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用,为临床有效防治小儿惊厥性脑损伤提供了可靠的实验依据。 相似文献
10.