Accurate detection of reemergent anti-donor ABO antibody is crucial for safe transfusion in ABO major incompatible HSCT patient after achieved the stages of full switch to donor type

Dynamic monitoring ABO chimera including erythroid ABO antigen and anti-A/B is crucial to not only assess the status of erythroid engraftment but also achieve personalized safety transfusion in patients post ABO incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transfusion support for ABO incompatible (ABOi) HSCT patients after achieved complete alteration to donor origin still remains cautious because the instant hematopoietic status on these transplant patients possibly returned to patient origin derived from early disease relapse and graft loss or failure. We reported that reemergent anti-B in a female patients (donor/patient: B/O) at the early phase after achievement complete donor type were not effectively found from partial automatic ABO blood grouping systems, which directly resulted in differential judgement of transplantation stage for about 15 days and disturbed the optimal recommendation on transfusion support. Meanwhile, the solely alteration of ABO chimera was found and earlier than changes of other markers such as MRD diagnosis, chimerism analysis by STR-PCR and sex chromosome assays, which can be an available predictors for bad transplant outcomes such as graft failure.     

Evaluation of timolol maleate gel for management of hard-to-heal chronic venous leg ulcers. Phase II randomised-controlled study

BackgroundVenous leg ulcers (VLUs) often take a very long time to heal. Timolol maleate has been reported as displaying efficacy in healing of VLUs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of timolol maleate gel in the management of hard-to-heal VLUs and to assess its safety as a topical agent during 12 weeks of use in combination with conventional treatment.MethodsA prospective, phase-II randomised-controlled trial with a sample size based on Fleming's one-stage design (P0 = 0.25, P1 = 0.45, alpha = 0.1, beta = 0.2) was planned. Patients with VLUs present for ≥ 24 weeks and with ≥ 50% granulation tissue were included. One drop of sustained-release timolol gel (Timoptol® LP 0.5%, Santen, Tampere, Finland) per 6 cm² VLU area was applied every 2 days for 12 weeks in timolol-treated patients, as adjuvant therapy to the standard care protocol (interface dressing and multilayer venous compression). Controls received standard care alone. The primary endpoint was to obtain ≥ 40% reduction in ulcer area at week 12 (W12).ResultsForty-three patients were randomised to the study, with 40 receiving at least one treatment and included in the analysis: 21 timolol-treated patients and 19 controls (females: 70%; median age: 72.5 [range 35–93] years). At W12, ≥ 40% ulcer-area reduction was achieved in 14/21 (67%) timolol-treated patients vs. 6/19 (32%) controls. No serious adverse events occurred. Local wound infections not requiring systemic antibiotics occurred in 5 cases in the timolol group and in one case in the controls.ConclusionsThese results support the benefit and safety of using timolol maleate to manage hard-to-heal VLUs, but confirmation is required in a larger multicentre randomised phase-III study.     

Buried Bumper Syndrome: A common complication of levodopa intestinal infusion for Parkinson disease

BackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is required for Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG) delivery in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as for enteral feeding in a variety of neurological disorders. Buried Bumper Syndrome (BBS) is a serious complication of PEG. The frequency of BBS in patients receiving LCIG treatment has never been reported.ObjectivesTo compare the frequency of BBS in patients on LCIG treatment or on enteral feeding over the past 12 years and identify possible risk factors.MethodsWe reviewed prospectively recorded data from 2009 to 2020 on two case-series: LCIG-treated PD patients and non-PD patients on enteral nutrition. We identified all BBS incidences. Patients’ characteristics, clinical manifestations, BBS management, possible risk factors and outcomes were analyzed.ResultsDuring the 12 years, 35 PD patients underwent PEG insertion for LCIG infusion, and 123 non-PD patients for nutritional support. There were eight cases of BBS in six PD patients (17.1%). Six of them were effectively managed without treatment discontinuation. Of the enteral feeding patients, only one developed BBS (0.8%) (p < 0.001). We identified inappropriate PEG site aftercare, weight gain, early onset PD, longer survival, treatment duration, dementia and PEG system design as potential risk factors for BBS development.ConclusionsBBS occurs more frequently in LCIG patients than in patients receiving enteral feeding. If detected early, it can be successfully managed, and serious sequalae or treatment discontinuation can be avoided. Regular endoscopic follow-up visits of LCIG-treated patients and increased awareness in patients and clinicians are recommended.     

基于薄荷油为油相的红花提取物自微乳凝胶递送系统制备研究

目的制备以薄荷油(Menthaha plocalyx oil,MPO)为油相的红花提取物(Carthamus tinctorius extract,CTE)自微乳凝胶递送系统(CTE-SMEDDS-BGs)。方法以MPO为油相,CTE为水相,采用伪三元相图法优选载药自微乳处方,采用单因素法筛选凝胶工艺与处方,并对其外观性状、黏度和pH值进行评价。结果所得CTE-SMEDDS-BGs最佳处方工艺:F68为乳化剂,无水乙醇为助乳化剂,乳化剂与助乳化剂比例(Km)为1∶1,乳化剂和助乳化剂总量(TS)与MPO的比例为8∶2,卡波姆2%,甘油6%,CTE5m L。处方量自微乳加入溶胀后的凝胶基质,三乙胺调节pH值至6.0即得CTE-SMEDDS-BGs;其外观为黄色半透明、黏稠度适中、均匀细腻、不油腻,易涂展的胶状凝胶,黏度为4.98×10~4m Pa·s(RSD为1.53%),pH为6.04(RSD为0.44%)。结论制得的薄荷油为油相的CTE-SMEDDS-BGs,制备简便,方法稳定,符合凝胶局部外用制剂要求。     

江西省锐尖山香圆亲缘关系与群体结构的ISSR分析

目的:利用简单序列重复区间扩增多态性(ISSR)分子标记技术对江西省锐尖山香圆进行亲缘关系和遗传结构分析,为该药材资源的保护和利用提供理论依据。方法:采集江西省4个县6个采样地的22份锐尖山香圆叶片样本,利用试剂盒法提取基因组DNA。利用64条通用ISSR分子标记引物进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增,运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)方法检测条带。选择NTsys 2. 10e软件,采用非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)计算遗传相似系数并聚类分析。利用Structure 2. 1软件分析群体遗传结构。结果:有48条ISSR引物扩增后获得了产物,多态性条带百分率处于45. 45%～100%。UPGMA聚类分析表明4个县的锐尖山香圆资源不能按照行政区域划分分别聚为一类,群体遗传结构分析表明22份锐尖山香圆群体可以划分为3个类群。结论:江西省锐尖山香圆群体间存在着基因交流,会影响该药材不同地理来源种质资源的遗传结构组成。     

Antimicrobial Activity and Biocompatibility of Antibiotic-Loaded Chitosan Hydrogels as a Potential Scaffold in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of several antibiotic-loaded hydrogel scaffolds against Enterococcus faecalis, as well as their ability to stimulate proliferation and mineralization of dental pulp stem cells.MethodsFibrin (Fg) or chitosan-fibrin hydrogels (Ch) were prepared using 12.5 mg/mL fibrinogen and 0.4% (w/v) chitosan. Triple antibiotics, clindamycin-modified triple antibiotic paste, or double antibiotics were loaded in gels (1 mg/mL). Antibacterial effect against E. faecalis biofilm was determined by using colony-forming units (CFUs) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Cell viability and morphology were determined by loading cells into different gels at 7 and 14 days using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 cell viability assay and Live & Dead cell analysis. Mineralization was detected by using alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining activity.ResultsAntibiotic-loaded Fg gel and Ch gel alone without antibiotics resulted in a significant reduction in CFUs compared with the positive control (P < .05). When antibiotics were loaded in Ch gel, there were no CFUs detected in any groups (P < .05). CLSM images showed dense red areas with mostly dead bacteria on the dentin surface in antibiotic-loaded Ch groups, which showed significantly less live bacteria compared with the other groups (P < .05). Triple antibiotic-loaded Fg and Ch gels resulted in a dramatic decrease in the mineralized nodule formation compared with all other gel groups (P < .05). Ch hydrogels resulted in round cell morphology up to 7 days. Ch alone or with double antibiotic paste showed more cell spreading with spindle-shaped morphology at 14 days and higher alkaline phosphatase activity compared with other antibiotic-loaded Ch groups (P > .05).ConclusionsDouble antibiotic-loaded Ch gel appears to enhance the antibacterial properties while maintaining higher cell viability, cell spreading, and mineralization activity, compared with all the other scaffolds investigated.     

易黄止带汤联合苦参凝胶治疗霉菌性阴道炎临床研究

目的:观察易黄止带汤联合苦参凝胶治疗霉菌性阴道炎(MV)的临床疗效。方法:选取MV患者120例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各60例。对照组给予酮康唑口服联合克霉唑栓治疗,观察组给予易黄止带汤口服及苦参凝胶阴道给药。比较2组治疗后临床症状消失时间、主要症状总积分、中医疗效、免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、IL-6、IL-8及降钙素原(PCT)表达情况。结果:观察组临床总有效率为90.00%,显著高于对照组77.70%(P<0.05)。观察组外阴瘙痒消失时间、白带恢复正常以及阴道黏膜充血消失时间均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组外阴瘙痒、尿急尿痛及白带量积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组外阴瘙痒、尿急尿痛及白带量积分较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组各症状积分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组阴道分泌物中SIgA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组阴道分泌物中SIgA水平较治疗前升高,且观察组阴道分泌物中SIgA水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组血清IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、PCT水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组血清IL-2水平较治疗前升高,IL-6、IL-8、PCT水平较治疗前降低;且观察组血清IL-2水平高于对照组,IL-6、IL-8、PCT水平低于对照组;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:易黄止带汤联合苦参凝胶能缩短MV患者康复时间,提高免疫因子IL-2、SIgA表达,降低炎性反应,提高临床疗效,具有一定临床价值。     

Triamcinolone acetonide nanoparticles incorporated in thermoreversible gels for age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the US affecting millions yearly. It is characterized by intraocular neovascularization, inflammation and retinal damage which can be ameliorated through intraocular injections of glucocorticoids. However, the complications that arise from repetitive injections as well as the difficulty posed by targeting the posterior segment of the eye make this interesting territory for the development of novel drug delivery systems (DDS). In the present study, we described the development of a DDS composed of triamcinolone acetonide-encapsulated PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles (NP) incorporated into PLGA–PEG–PLGA thermoreversible gel and its use against VEGF expression characteristic of AMD. We found that the NP with mean size of 208?±?1.0?nm showed uniform size distribution and exhibited sustained release of the drug. We also demonstrated that the polymer can be injected as a solution and transition to a gel phase based on the biological temperature of the eye. Additionally, the proposed DDS was non-cytotoxic to ARPE-19 cells and significantly reduced VEGF expression by 43.5?±?3.9% as compared to a 1.53?±?11.1% reduction with triamcinolone. These results suggest the proposed DDS will contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for AMD.     

基于响应面法优选美洲大蠊口腔原位温敏凝胶的制备研究

目的制备美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana口腔原位温敏凝胶。方法采用自由基聚合法首次以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NNIPAM)和甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPMA)合成聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯)[P(NNIPAM-HPMA)]作为温敏材料;通过冷溶法制备美洲大蠊口腔原位温敏凝胶,采用Box-Behnken设计响应面法,以溶蚀时间、胶凝时间为评价指标,在固定美洲大蠊提取物用量基础上,对羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP K30)、P(NNIPAM-HPMA)的用量进行优选。结果通过原位聚合法合成了P(NNIPAM-HPMA)温敏材料;并用响应面法优选了可用于口腔的美洲大蠊原位温敏凝胶的处方,优选的处方为美洲大蠊提取物10%、HPMC 3.0%、PVP K30 9.5%、P(NNIPAM-HPMA) 10.0%,其溶蚀时间为2 h,胶凝时间8～9 s。结论优选得到美洲大蠊口腔原位温敏凝胶,为美洲大蠊提取物的口腔原位局部的临床应用奠定了科学依据。