不同药用辅料流化床制粒的物性质量分析研究

目的研究5种药用辅料制粒后颗粒的物性指标,分析探讨颗粒物性指标的相关性及颗粒物性质量。方法采用Pearson相关性分析法分析颗粒的7项评价指标相关性,采用主成分分析法对颗粒物性指标进行主成分分析和综合评价。结果粒径分布宽度与松密度及振实密度呈极显著正相关,松密度与振实密度呈极显著正相关,振实密度与压缩度呈显著正相关。对第一主成分产生正向影响较大的物性指标是粒径分布宽度和振实密度。乳糖+水制成的颗粒及甘露醇+水制成的颗粒综合评价得分较高,可溶性淀粉+HPMC制成的颗粒综合评价得分最低。结论不同药用辅料制成的颗粒物性质量存在差异,乳糖和甘露醇分别以水为粘合剂制成的颗粒物性质量较好,可溶性淀粉以HPMC为粘合剂制成的颗粒物性质量较差。     

生物黏附辅料对葛根总黄酮类化合物在Caco-2细胞模型中转运的影响

目的:葛根总黄酮（PTF）可治疗心脑血管疾病，但膜通透性差，口服生物利用度低。一些辅料如卡波姆、壳聚糖和羟丙基甲基纤维素可以提高口服生物利用度。传统的体外评价技术，包括大鼠肠灌流和细胞模型，不能评价PTF整体的吸收机制。方法:本研究评价辅料的黏附性及对PTF在Caco-2细胞单层模型中转运的影响。采用cDNA微阵列测定PTF和PTF+辅料给药后的Caco-2细胞的基因表达变化，从基因水平揭示辅料对PTF整体吸收的影响机制。结果:体外黏附和Caco-2细胞转运实验表明，与单独PTF相比，加入辅料后对胃黏膜具有更高的黏附性，且在Caco-2细胞模型中的转运效率更高。PTF与辅料的相互作用显著改变了某些基因的表达，可能影响PTF的吸收效率。结论:不同的生物黏附聚合物能提高PTF的肠道吸收，可能与ATP结合盒(ABC)和溶质载体转运体(SLC)的表达基因有关。     

Preparation and characterization of co-processed starch/MCC/chitin hydrophilic polymers onto magnesium silicate

It was aimed to investigate the compressibility, compactibility, powder flow and tablet disintegration of a new excipient comprising magnesium (Mg) silicate co-processed (5%–85% w/w) onto chitin, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and starch as the hydrophilic polymers of interest. Initially, the mechanism of tablet disintegration was studied by measuring water infiltration rate, moisture sorption, swelling capacity and hydration ability. Moreover, the powders compression behavior was carried out by applying Kawakita model of compression analysis in addition to porosity and radial tensile strength measurements. In vitro drug release of compacts made of 400?mg ibuprofen and 300?mg of the hydrophilic polymers containing 30% w/w Mg silicate co-precipitate was investigated in phosphate buffer (pH 7.8). This work demonstrated that the incorporation of Mg silicate to the hydrophilic polymers lead to the improvement of powder flowability, compactibility, stability (with regard to storage conditions), compacts crushing strength, and disintegration time in addition to faster drug release. The overall findings are practically advantageous in the context of finding a low cost and multifunctional co-processed excipient of natural origins.     

Evaluation of Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry as a Stability-Indicating Method for Formulation Excipient Screening for an IgG4 Monoclonal Antibody

Antibodies are molecules that exhibit diverse conformational changes on different timescales, and there is ongoing interest to better understand the relationship between antibody conformational dynamics and storage stability. Physical stability data for an IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb-D) were gathered through traditional forced degradation (temperature and stirring stresses) and accelerated stability studies, in the presence of different additives and solution conditions, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, size exclusion chromatography, and microflow imaging. The results were correlated with hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HX-MS) data gathered for mAb-D in the same formulations. Certain parameters of the HX-MS data, including hydrogen exchange in specific peptide segments in the C_H2 domain, were found to correlate with stabilization and destabilization of additives on mAb-D during thermal stress. No such correlations between mAb physical stability and HX-MS readouts were observed under agitation stress. These results demonstrate that HX-MS can be set up as a streamlined methodology (using minimal material and focusing on key peptide segments at key time points) to screen excipients for their ability to physically stabilize mAbs. However, useful correlations between HX-MS and either accelerated or real-time stability studies will be dependent on a particular mAb's degradation pathway(s) and the type of stresses used.     

Drug Solubilization by Means of a Surface-Modified Edible Biopolymer Enabled by Hot Melt Extrusion

A coprocessing/formulation approach for increasing the solubility of poorly soluble drugs using solid dispersions is presented, whereby the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) retains its crystalline state. The approach uses a biopolymer naturally produced as dendrimeric nanoparticles that has been surface-modified to act as a solubilizing agent. The solubilizing agent is enabled by hot melt extrusion to produce the solid dispersions. Four APIs, phenytoin (PHT), griseofulvin, ibuprofen, and loratadine were used as model compounds to evaluate solubility enhancement. The rank order in solubility enhancement follows that of the hydrophobicity of the APIs. The APIs remained predominantly crystalline after hot melt extrusion processing. However, APIs with weak crystal structure (ibuprofen and loratadine) underwent measurable crystallinity loss. The solubilizing power of the modified biopolymer increases with increasing hydrophobicity and strength of the crystal structure. The solubility is described in terms of a parallel liquid-phase partition-association. For one API (PHT), solubility enhancement was minimal. The dissimilar behavior of PHT is discussed in terms of the polarity match between the API and the hydrophobic microenvironment in the solubilizing agent. This approach is expected to apply to a large number of poorly soluble drugs, offering a complementary approach to existing processing and formulation drug solubilization methods.     

Impact of Superdisintegrants and Film Thickness on Disintegration Time of Strip Films Loaded With Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Microparticles

Although strip films are a promising platform for delivery of poorly water-soluble drug particles via slurry casting, the effect of critical material attributes, for example, superdisintegrants (SDIs) on critical quality attributes, including film disintegration time (DT), remains underexplored. A 2-level factorial design is considered to examine the impact of the SDI type (sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium), their amount, and film thickness. SDIs were used with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (E15LV) and glycerin solutions along with viscosity matching. Fenofibrate, a model poorly water-soluble drug, was micronized and surface modified via fluid energy milling. Significant decreases in film DT, measured using 3 different methods, were observed due to the addition of SDIs. Percentage reduction in DT was a strong function of SDI amount, and thinner films disintegrated faster. Films with either higher SDI concentrations (>9%) or films under 80 μm, exhibited fast DT (<180 s, European Pharmacopeia). All thin films (50-60 μm) exhibited immediate release (>80% in 10 min). All films achieved good content uniformity, except for those with the lowest amount of SDI, attributed to insufficient viscosity and thickness nonuniformity due to the SDI. Finally, all films achieved adequate mechanical properties, notwithstanding minor negative impact of SDIs.     

Solid lipid nanocarriers in drug delivery: characterization and design

Introduction: Solid lipid nanoparticles are promising drug carriers for systemic circulations as well as local applications. One of the major challenges for drug delivery is designing nanocarriers for efficient delivery of active substances to the target site and facilitating drug absorption.

Areas covered: In this article, the effects of excipients and particle preparation methods on the properties of solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNCs) and their impact on drug absorption and efficacies related to different administration routes are reviewed and discussed.

Expert opinion: SLNCs have special characteristics, making them attractive as drug delivery systems, for parenteral and oral delivery for systemic effects, or ocular, pulmonary and topical delivery to enhance local treatment efficacy and reducing systemic side effects. Both excipients and fabrication methods are crucial for the function and size of nanoparticles and should be considered simultaneously in designing particles to obtain the optimal drug absorption and efficacy, especially for local treatments. Despite the demonstrated advantages by the preclinical studies, further studies on improved understanding of the interactions of SLNCs with biological tissues of the target site is necessary for efficient designing functional nanoparticles for clinical applications.

Abbreviations: DG: diglycerides; FFA: free fatty acids; GMS: glyceryl monostearate; MG: monoglycerides; NLC: nanostructured lipid carriers; PL: phospholipids; SLM: solid lipid microparticles; SLN: solid lipid nanoparticles; SLNC: solid lipid nanocarriers; TG: triglycerides.     

胆固醇的细菌内毒素检查方法研究

目的 为难溶性辅料胆固醇(供注射用)建立细菌内毒素检测方法。方法 通过筛选出适合溶解胆固醇的有机溶剂,并经过9种排除干扰的方法筛选,采用凝胶法和动态浊度法进行干扰试验,排除了有机溶剂和胆固醇对内毒素检查法的干扰,最终建立了胆固醇的细菌内毒素质量控制方法。检测条件：取胆固醇用无水乙醇配制成20 mg·mL-1溶液,用0.5 mg·mL-1聚氧乙烯(35)蓖麻油水溶液代替细菌内毒素检查用水稀释100倍,按内毒素检查法动态浊度法检测。结果 3批样品使用2个厂家的动态浊度法鲎试剂的回收率均在50%～200%,并且内毒素检测值均<0.1 EU·mg-1。如使用凝胶法,该品种只能使用1个厂家最高灵敏度的试剂进行检测。因此,胆固醇不建议使用凝胶法进行检测。结论 建立了胆固醇(供注射用)细菌内毒素动态浊度法检测方法,用于质量控制。     

浒苔微晶纤维素的制备及其在药用辅料中的应用

目的 浒苔是一种常见的多细胞绿藻,属于石莼科,是绿潮的主要组成物质,为了更好的利用浒苔资源,缓解绿潮带来的生态问题,本文利用浒苔为原料制备微晶纤维素,并探究其作为辅料进行压片的优势。方法 以浒苔为原料制备微晶纤维素并检测其外观,官能团与电导率等理化性质,再以微晶纤维素作辅料以阿司匹林作为主药进行压片,并对其质量进行检查。结果 微晶纤维素的理化指标均符合《中国药典》2020年版规定,且与市售微晶纤维素具有相同或相似官能团结构;以微晶纤维素作辅料制备的片剂色泽均匀,具有适宜的硬度与耐磨性。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定淀粉类药用辅料中22种真菌毒素的含量

目的：建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）测定淀粉类药用辅料中22种真菌毒素含量的分析方法。方法：采用Waters CORTECSUPLCC18色谱柱(1.6μm,2.1×100mm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液和甲醇乙腈（V:V=4:6）混合溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源（ESI）,多反应监测(MRM)模式,正、负离子模式同时扫描,外标法定量。结果：22种真菌毒素在质量浓度为0.2~500μg/L范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）均大于0.997;检测下限（LOD）为0.1~5μg/kg;平均回收率为80.84%~108.45%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.25%~9.95%;基质效应评价除HT-2有基质减弱效应外,其他成分基质效应不明显。78批样品中检出28批,检出黄曲霉毒素B1、伏马毒素B1、伏马毒素B2和玉米赤霉烯酮,含量分别为1.06~6.34μg/kg、13.11~23.98μg/kg、15.59~47.77μg/kg和6.12~122.12μg/kg。结论：该方法适用于淀粉类药用辅料中22种真菌毒素的定性定量检测。