儿童社区获得性肺炎血清维生素A的变化及与免疫功能相关性

目的 研究社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia,CAP)患儿血清维生素A(vitamin A,VA)水平及与免疫功能的相关性,为肺炎病情评估提供一定参考。方法 以入住新乡医学院第一附属医院PICU的63例重度社区获得性肺炎(severe community acquired pneumonia, SCAP)患儿(SCAP组)、普通儿科病区的30例轻度社区获得性肺炎(mild community acquired pneumonia, MCAP)患儿(MCAP组),以及同期体检的30名健康儿童(对照组)为研究对象,检测其血清中VA和免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)G、IgA、IgM水平,及SCAP组体内T淋巴细胞亚群(总T淋巴细胞、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8),并对SCAP组体内VA水平及以上指标的相关性进行分析。结果 3组性别和年龄差异无统计学意义;血清中VA的平均含量分别为0.36、0.25和0.19 mg/L,CAP组VA的含量较对照组明显降低,且SCAP组明显低于MCAP组(P<0.05)。根据WHO推荐的VA诊断标准,3组VA临床缺乏/亚临床缺乏率分别为10.00%、36.67%和61.90%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CAP组血清中Ig水平较对照组明显降低,且SCAP组明显低于MCAP组(P<0.05)。SCAP组血中总T淋巴细胞、CD4、CD8和CD4/CD8的平均水平分别为53.28%、30.26%、20.24%和1.59;分析VA水平与免疫相关指标关系发现VA水平与Ig(IgG、IgA、IgM)水平、总T淋巴细胞、CD4呈正相关,与CD8水平不相关。结论 肺炎患儿血清VA水平与病情严重程度及机体免疫功能相关。     

Intranasal vaccination induced cross-protective secretory IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants with reducing the potential risk of lung eosinophilic immunopathology

To control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is a need to develop vaccines to prevent infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. One candidate is a nasal vaccine capable of inducing secretory IgA antibodies in the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, the initial site of infection. However, regarding the development of COVID-19 vaccines, there is concern about the potential risk of inducing lung eosinophilic immunopathology as a vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease as a result of the T helper 2 (Th2)-dominant adaptive immune response. In this study, we investigated the protective effect against virus infection induced by intranasal vaccination of recombinant trimeric spike protein derived from SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted with CpG oligonucleotides, ODN2006, in mouse model. The intranasal vaccine combined with ODN2006 successfully induced not only systemic spike-specific IgG antibodies, but also secretory IgA antibodies in the nasal mucosa. Secretory IgA antibodies showed high protective ability against SARS-CoV-2 variants (Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants) compared to IgG antibodies in the serum. The nasal vaccine of this formulation induced a high number of IFN-γ-secreting cells in the draining cervical lymph nodes and a lower spike-specific IgG1/IgG2a ratio compared to that of subcutaneous vaccination with alum as a typical Th2 adjuvant. These features are consistent with the induction of the Th1 adaptive immune response. In addition, mice intranasally vaccinated with ODN2006 showed less lung eosinophilic immunopathology after viral challenge than mice subcutaneously vaccinated with alum adjuvant. Our findings indicate that intranasal vaccine adjuvanted with ODN2006 could be a candidate that can prevent the infection of antigenically different variant viruses, reducing the risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease.     

A comparison of efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative therapies for severe mycoplasma pneumonia in children: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:In recent years, the incidence rate of children with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) is increasing, which poses a great threat to children''s life and safety. There are some limitations in the existing drugs for the treatment of SMPP, and the supplementary and alternative therapy of SMPP plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of this disease. This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of various complementary and alternative therapies for SMPP by means of mesh meta-analysis. In order to provide the basis for clinical rational use.Methods:Two researchers will independently and comprehensively searched the Cochrane Central controlled trials registry, Cochrane Library, PubMed, web of science, EMBASE, CNKI, and Wanfang database to collect randomized controlled trials (RCT) studies on complementary and alternative therapies for SMPP. And the relevant references included in the systematic review/meta-analysis are screened. The retrieval time limit is from the establishment of the database to November 2020. We will use Revman 5.3 software for meta-analysis and use grade to grade the quality of evidence in the net meta-analysis (NMA).Results:The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of different complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of SMPP, with a view to evaluating and ranking different interventions.Conclusion:The supplement and replacement therapy of SMPP can improve the clinical efficacy, relieve the clinical symptoms, improve the quality of life of children, and reduce adverse reactions, which can provide strong support for the rational use of clinicians.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY2020110079.     

Renal Neoplasia in Tuberous Sclerosis: A Study of 41 Patients

ObjectiveTo study the clinical features and identify unique renal neoplasia subtypes and their prognostic implications in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).Patients and MethodsThe Mayo Clinic nephrectomy registry included 37 patients with TSC diagnosed between 1970 and 2018. Four additional patients were identified from the pathology consultation and autopsy files. All available renal tumors were further characterized using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clinicopathologic features and follow-up were obtained from the medical record. The American Association for Cancer Research Project GENIE registry was accessed using cBioPortal for molecular profiling of angiomyolipoma (AML).ResultsA total of 276 renal tumors from 41 patients were analyzed. Renal tumors were classified into 9 distinct morphological subtypes, with AML predominating (238 [86%]). Interestingly, all these tumors acted in a benign fashion except one renal cell carcinoma with clear cells and fibromyomatous stroma and one epithelioid AML that metastasized. Molecular profiling studies revealed that epithelioid AMLs were enriched for alterations of TP53, RB1, and ATRX. Eight patients died of direct complications of TSC, including 3 of end-stage renal disease. To date, none have died of a renal epithelial neoplasm.ConclusionThe identification of unique renal neoplasia subtypes may provide important clues to establish a diagnosis of TSC, and in the somatic setting, this finding has important implications for accurate prognostication. These tumors tend to be indolent, and only 2 of 276 tumors in our study exhibited metastatic behavior. Our results support multidisciplinary management with a focus on preservation of renal function.     

布地奈德联合阿奇霉素治疗肺炎支原体肺炎

目的探讨布地奈德联合阿奇霉素治疗肺炎支原体肺炎。方法选取我院在2018年12月—2020年5月确诊并治疗的98例支原体肺炎患儿,依据不同治疗方式分成两组,两组均接受常规治疗,对照组应用阿奇霉素,研究组联合应用布地奈德。观察两组的治疗有效率水平差异;两组的康复指标:体温恢复正常耗时、缓解咳嗽气喘耗时、啰音消失耗时水平差异。结果研究组有效率水平比对照组高(P<0.05)。研究组的康复指标:体温恢复正常耗时、缓解咳嗽气喘耗时、啰音消失耗时均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论给予支原体肺炎患儿在常规治疗基础上联合使用阿奇霉素+布地奈德,可显著提高患儿的治疗效果,缩短患儿的康复时间。     

多重耐药病原菌对呼吸机相关性肺炎预后的影响

目的探讨多重耐药病原菌对呼吸机相关性肺炎预后的影响。方法选择2012年1月至2018年6月在上海市肺科医院诊断为VAP的382例患者作为研究对象,观察临床资料与预后的相关性。结果382例VAP患者有172例分离出多重耐药菌。多重耐药和非多重耐药患者性别、年龄、原发肺部疾病、VAP类型、诊断前联合应用抗生素、合并心血管疾病和糖尿病、激素应用情况、28d生存状态等因素均存在差异(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示,其他菌耐药是导致VAP患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论非发酵革兰阴性杆菌多重耐药不影响VAP患者的28d生存率,其他菌种耐药,是影响VAP患者28d死亡率的危险因素,值得进一步研究。     

阿奇霉素序贯给药辅助治疗小儿大叶性肺炎的效果及对患儿血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的探讨阿奇霉素序贯给药辅助治疗小儿大叶性肺炎的效果及对患儿血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2014年10月至2019年10月收治的120例大叶性肺炎患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方式的不同将其分为对照组(60例,阿奇霉素静脉滴注治疗)和观察组(60例,阿奇霉素序贯给药治疗)。比较两组的治疗效果、不良反应情况、血清炎症因子及肺功能指标水平。结果观察组的治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,不良反应总发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的TNF-α、PCT、IFN-γ、TM水平均降低,FVC、TLC、Cdyn水平均升高,且观察组显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论阿奇霉素序贯给药辅助治疗小儿大叶性肺炎的效果显著,可有效改善患儿血清炎症因子水平和肺功能指标水平,降低不良反应发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿接受早期持续气道正压通气治疗对血气指标及预后的影响

目的分析重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿接受早期持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对血气指标及预后的影响。方法选取2019年2月至2020年6月本院收治的110例重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿,按照组间基本资料具有可比性的原则分为对照组与实验组,各55例。对照组接受常规方案治疗,实验组接受早期持续CPAP治疗,比较两组血气指标改善情况以及患儿预后。结果治疗后,两组PaO₂、PaCO₂、SaO₂均显著改善,且实验组改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组临床病死率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论采用早期持续CPAP治疗重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿效果显著,能明显改善血气指标和预后,具有临床推广价值。