早期十全大补汤联合肠内营养乳剂治疗胃癌术后(气血两虚证)喂养不耐受临床评价

目的探讨早期使用十全大补汤联合肠内营养乳剂(TP)治疗胃癌术后(气血两虚证)发生喂养不耐受(FI)的影响因素及对营养指标、中医证候积分的影响。方法回顾性分析术后早期行十全大补汤联合TP治疗的80例胃癌术后(气血两虚)患者的病历资料,根据是否出现FI分为耐受组(34例)和不耐受组(46例)。FI的相关影响因素进行单因素及多因素分析,并观察FI对患者营养指标、中医证候积分的影响。结果单因素分析显示,患者术后第1天下床活动时间、开始肠内营养(EN)的时间、使用营养泵、早期灌肠与FI的发生密切相关(P <0. 05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,患者第1天下床活动时间≥2 h[OR=0. 022,P=0. 001,95%CI(0. 002,0. 223)]、使用营养泵[OR=0. 021,P=0. 000,95%CI(0. 003,0. 162)]是FI发生的独立危险因素;术后10 d,耐受组患者白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)升高水平优于不耐受组(P <0. 05),中医证候积分显著低于不耐受组(P <0. 05)。结论胃癌术后(气血两虚证)患者早期给予十全大补汤联合TP治疗开始后,患者第1天下床活动时间不短于2 h、使用营养泵能有效减少FI的发生,并改善了患者的营养状态,减轻了中医临床症状。     

生理盐水肠道冲洗辅助治疗真菌性肠炎效果观察

目的 探讨生理盐水肠道冲洗辅助治疗真菌性肠炎的疗效。方法 将72例真菌性肠炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各36例，对照组行常规治疗，观察组在此基础上予以温生理盐水（38～41℃）500～7000ml持续肠道冲洗，3～6h／次，1次／d，治疗1～3次。结果 观察组治疗后肠道pH值显著低于治疗前及对照组治疗后（均P〈0．01），治愈率显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 对真菌性肠炎腹泻患者在常规治疗的基础上，辅以温生理盐水肠道冲洗可显著改善肠道环境，提高治愈率。     

Microbial aspects of home enteral nutrition–a discussion

Factors that might contribute to the microbial contamination of enteral feeds prepared and administered in the home are reviewed and the significance of this contamination discussed. Numbers, types and sources of micro-organisms, and possible routes for contamination of home enteral feeds, are outlined and the role of cleaning and disinfection in reducing the microbial load is discussed. Some preliminary guidelines are suggested for the handling of enteral feeds in the home.     

What is the HACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) approach and how can it be applied to enteral tube feeding?

The HACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) concept is now widely applied in the food industry and provides a structured and critical approach to the identification and control of hazards that may affect food safety. It has shifted the emphasis for control from retrospective end-product testing to the effective control of raw materials and key processing operations.
This paper discusses how the HACCP approach can be applied to enteral feeding. This involves each unit assembling a multidisciplinary team of personnel involved in enteral feeding. This team will then carry out a detailed analysis of the process from selection of ingredients and feeding systems through to consumption of the feed by the patient by constructing a flow chart that relates specifically to each unit. They can then identify and assess the hazards associated with the handling of the product at each stage in the process. This will enable them to identify the points where control over an identified hazard can be achieved (critical control points, CCP) such as quality of ingredients, design of administration systems, preparation and distribution of the feeds and the procedures involved in the assembly and manipulation of the systems. Control and monitoring procedures can then be specified and implemented at relevant stages in the process. The major strengths of the HACCP procedure are that it entails a team effort from key personnel involved in the full range of activities associated with the product and each detailed analysis is specific to each unit's practices and resources and can be continually reviewed and modified in response to changing circumstances.     

肠内营养在慢性阻塞性肺病机械通气治疗与护理中的作用

目的　探讨肠内营养对慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD)机械通气治疗与护理中的作用。方法　行机械通气的2 8例患者随机分为 2组 ,治疗组 14例给予安素营养 4周 ,对照组 14例给予一定量糖、脂肪、氨基酸等常规输液 ,上述两组病人每周常规测定血清蛋白 (ALB)、IgA、IgG、IgM、FEV1、PaO2 、PaCO2 及一次脱机成功率。结果　治疗 2周末实验组ALB、IgA、IgG、IgM均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;治疗 4周末治疗组所有指标均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　肠内营养是COPD机械通气患者的一项重要治疗措施 ,良好细致的护理是保证其成功实施的关键     

THE EMERGING ROLE FOR LAPAROSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY

A gastrostomy was fashioned laparoscopically in a 15 year old patient with a severe head injury. A preceding attempt at percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy had failed. The gastrostomy tube was inserted into the stomach under vision and the stomach attached to the anterior abdominal wall by sutures.     

免疫增强型肠内营养对老年胃癌术后免疫功能的影响

目的评价免疫增强型肠内营养对老年胃癌患者术后营养、免疫功能、炎性反应及并发症方面的影响。方法66例胃癌患者随机分成免疫增强肠内营养组(34例)与常规肠内营养组(32例),术后24 h给等热量、氮量肠内营养支持1周,比较术前1 d、术后第9天两组的营养、免疫指标、细胞因子的变化及并发症情况。结果术后免疫增强组前白蛋白与转铁蛋白均上升,而常规组均下降,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后白蛋白两组均下降(P>0.05);术后两组IgMI、gA均升高且免疫增强组的升高更明显(P<0.05);术后免疫增强组的CD3 、CD4 及CD4 /CD8 均高于常规组(P<0.05),但CD8 无差异(P>0.05);术后两组IL-1α与IL-2均有下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后两组IL-6与TNF-α均升高,且常规组IL-6、TNF-α的升高更明显(P<0.05);术后免疫增强组感染性并发症发生率(11.8%)明显低于常规组(25%)(P<0.05)。结论老年胃癌患者术后给予免疫增强型肠内营养在提高蛋白质合成、减轻炎性反应、改善免疫功能及降低并发症方面优于常规的肠内营养。     

急性重症胰腺炎的治疗:证据、争议与反思

急性重症胰腺炎的治疗和研究近年来已经出现了一些新的变化。本文综述了循证医学分析的一些结论和研究的热点及争议，对急性重症胰腺炎的治疗思路提出反思。