谷固醇达克罗宁膜质量标准研究

目的：建立谷固醇达克罗宁膜的薄层鉴别、盐酸达克罗宁的含量均匀度及含量测定的方法。方法：采用薄层色谱法鉴别谷固醇及高效液相色谱法测定盐酸达克罗宁的含量及其均匀度。结果：谷固醇薄层斑点清晰;在选定的色谱条件下,盐酸达克罗宁在1.205～120.5μg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好（r＝0.9999）,平均回收率为101.3％,其RSD为0.9％（n＝9）。结论：所建方法专属性强,准确度高,可更有效地用于谷固醇达克罗宁膜的质量控制。     

盐酸曲马多胶浆剂在腹部吸脂术中的应用

目的应用盐酸曲马多胶浆剂镇痛以减少腹部吸脂术中利多卡因用量的探讨。方法采用两种局部麻醉方式，对腹部吸脂术患者进行利多卡因用量的比较。对照组7例，采用常规灌注液分区麻醉，利多卡因浓度0．05％；观察组8例，采用我们白行研制的盐酸曲马多胶浆剂，采取直肠给药方式，灌注均一次完成，灌注液利多卡因浓度为0．01％。结果两组患者主观感觉麻醉效果均满意。但对照组利多卡因用量范围37．5～41．7mg／kg，灌注液用量范围75．0～83．3ml／kg；而观察组利多卡因用量范围10．9～12．5mg／kg，灌注液用量范围109．0～125．0ml／kg。由吸出液静置后颜色判断，观察组比对照组出血量明显减少。结论在腹部吸脂术中，应用盐酸曲马多胶浆剂直肠给药镇痛，可以大大减少利多卡因用量，从而增加灌注量和提高手术安全性。     

丙泊酚利多卡因胶浆在老年患者无痛胃镜检查中的应用

目的探讨丙泊酚在老年患者无痛胃镜检查中的镇静镇痛效果和安全性。方法将胃镜检查者分为观察组（丙泊酚组）和对照组（常规胃镜组）。观察记录各组受检者术中的反应、胃镜操作时间、麻醉药物作用时间，检查前中后BP、HR、SPO2及术后问卷调查。结果所有病例皆完成检查，观察组具有副作用少，患者更易接受。结论丙泊酚静注并利多卡因胶浆表面麻醉在无痛胃镜检查中具有起效快、恢复时间短、负作用少，是有效可靠的。     

前列腺增生患者不同留置导尿管方法不良反应的比较

目的:减轻前列腺增生病人留置导尿管的痛苦,提高一次置导尿管成功率,减少病人不良反应。方法:将180例前列腺增生需留置导尿管的病人随机分为3组。分别为传统方法置导尿管、置导尿管前5min从尿道外口注入灭菌石蜡油(石蜡油组)及置导尿管前5m in从尿道外口注入1%盐酸丁卡因胶浆(盐酸丁卡因胶浆组)后置导尿管,比较3组病人疼痛反应程度、血尿情况及一次置导尿管成功率等指标。结果:3组病人不良反应及一次置导尿管成功率等指标,经统计学处理,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);盐酸丁卡因胶浆组病人不良反应明显低于其他两组,一次成功率明显高于其他两组。结论:置导尿管前5min从尿道外口注入盐酸丁卡因胶浆表面麻醉及润滑,可明显减轻病人的痛苦反应,提高一次置导尿管成功率,降低置导尿管并发症,有临床推广价值。     

Comparative hypotensive and respiratory stimulation effects of ripe and unripe fruit mucilage of Cordia myxa and Cordia obliqua in guineapigs and rabbits

The comparative pharmacological activity of Cordia fruit mucilage at different stages of maturity was investigated to determine the stage at which active substances were present in high proportions. The fruit mucilage of ripe and unripe Cordia myxa (RCm and URCm) decreased rabbit arterial blood pressure in a dose dependent manner without affecting the respiratory rate. Mucilage from both ripe and unripe Cordia obliqua (RCo and URCo) decreased rabbit blood pressure and stimulated the respiratory rate. RCm is 12.37-fold more potent as a hypotensive agent than RCo. However the respiratory stimulant effect of RCo is 7-fold more than its own hypotensive effect. Investigation of the mode of action revealed that the hypotensive effect was more likely due to activation of parasympathetic ganglia and dilatation of peripheral blood vessels, whereas the respiratory stimulant effect may partly be due to activation of chemoreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid body. In addition, a subeffective dose of the ripe fruit mucilage specifically antagonized nicotine-induced hypotensive effect on rabbit and nicotine ganglionic stimulant effect on the isolated guineapig ileum.     

Dietary mucilage promotes regression of atheromatous lesions in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

The antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effect of the mucilage galactomannan isolated from fenugreek seeds was studied in experimental rabbits maintained on a high cholesterol diet for 3 months. Changes in the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in serum and tissues and aortic fatty lesions were analysed in animals receiving mucilage (40 mg/kg body weight) daily and compared with the control. A significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and cholesterol and triglycerides in liver and aorta and a decrease in Sudan IV staining of aorta indicated antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effects of the mucilage. Regression studies showed that administration of mucilage for 3 months caused a significant decrease in serum total and LDL cholesterol and aortic cholesterol. Mucilage accelerated the regression of atheromatous lesions in the aorta as evidenced by significantly low sudanophilic staining. Recovery from inflammation in hypercholesterolemic animals receiving mucilage was evidenced by a faster decrease in C‐reactive protein (CRP) in serum to basal levels. The lipid lowering and antiatherogenic effects of mucilage from fenugreek which is used as a food flavoring spice highlights the importance of dietary intervention in the regression of atherosclerosis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

白芨胶、碘伏、MEBO治疗面部深Ⅱ度烧伤创面疗效观察

目的：观察白芨胶、碘肽、MEBO治疗面部深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的疗效。方法：各选择50例面部深Ⅱ度烧伤创面分别采用上述三种药物治疗。观察创面疼痛、感染、愈合时间、愈后瘢痕。结果：MEBO治疗组在控制创面疼痛、感染、愈合时间、愈后瘢痕上明显优于其它二组。而碘伏湿敷组优于白芨胶烤照组。结论：湿润烧伤膏（MEBO）在治疗面部深Ⅱ度烧伤创面上具有明显的优势。应作为此类烧伤创面常规用药。     

米索前列醇合并盐酸丁卡因胶浆用于人工流产术中临床效果观察

目的：探讨人工流产术前松弛宫颈的最好的用药方法,减轻疼痛程度,减少药物副反应。方法：选择600例自愿要求行人工流产手术、无手术禁忌的早孕妇女、年龄在20～40岁,随机分成A、B、C三组,A组于人工流产术前1h舌下含服米索前列醇100μg,吸宫前2min于宫颈管内注入盐酸丁卡因胶浆1支;B组于术前4h口服米索前列醇400μg;C组于术前4h阴道后穹隆放置米索前列醇400μg,放置后平卧30min。结果：三组对比宫颈松弛度、术中镇痛效果差异无统计学意义,P〉0.05,但A组扩张宫颈显效率、无痛率明显高于B、C两组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0.005。A组用药后药物副反应明显低于B、C两组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0.005。结论：小剂量米索前列醇联合丁卡因胶浆用于人工流产术前宫颈松弛度高、镇痛效果好,副反应明显减少,适合在基层使用。     

输卵管注药绝育术副反应和并发症的近远期观察

采用多中心随机化临床试验,共接纳1705例合格受术对象,其中871例使用复方苯酚糊剂(PAP),834例使用显影苯酚胶浆(PM)。观察结果表明,术后发热率两组分别为8.0％和4.4％,组间差别有统计学意义。发热主要因药物反应所致。两组附件感染率分别为2.3‰和1.2‰。盆腔化学性腹膜炎发生率分别为1.1‰和2.4‰。未见子宫穿孔、盆腔脓肿和宫外孕。术后伴有轻度腹痛者分别占33.6％和30.8％,偶见重度者。腹痛与药物在卵管内充盈的长度和引起的组织反应范围明显有关。腰痛情况与腹痛相似。术后有症状者,多数在短时间内缓解,少数需对症治疗。术后,轻度子宫出血者两组分别为23.2％和18.0％。出血与术时取出节育器明显有关。本术对受术妇女月经无明显影响。五年随访做妇科检查和宫颈细胞学检查无阳性发现,也未查见与绝育药物主要成份有关的潜在疾患。研究表明,本术安全可靠。为进一步降低副反应和并发症的发生,研究机构应着重于现有药物配方的改进,并在保证效果的基础上,尽量减少阿的平含量。主管部门应重新估价这一技术,并加强施术管理和施术者培训,制定全国统一的操作规范,确保服务质量。本术现已得到广泛使用,有很大的发展前景,各界应予更大的关注。     

天南星与半夏生药学研究

天南星与半夏两者药效有别,但药材形状相似。研究结果:可根据组织结构中粘液腔、含棕色块分泌细胞及草酸钙簇晶的有无、草酸钙针晶成多束还是单束等方面加以鉴别。