Infants born to narcotic dependent mothers: Physical growth patterns in the first 12 months of life

Objectives: To describe the physical growth patterns of infants born to narcotic dependent mothers (INDM) over a 12 months period and, if possible, to relate the growth to drug taking patterns during pregnancy.
Methodology: The growth of a cohort of 43 INDM was measured during the first 12 months of life. Weight and length measurements were compared with percentile charts and converted to Z scores. Questionnaire data about drug taking practices, demographic variables and the neonatal period (including withdrawal scores) were obtained.
Results: Twenty-four (55.8%) of INDM had evidence of neonatal drug withdrawal requiring treatment with phenobarbitone. At birth, Z scores for weight and length indicated relative intrauterine growth retardation. By 12 months, there had been some catch up growth, but Z scores for weight and length were still below zero. Persistent weight retardation at 12 months was correlated with methadone dosage during pregnancy, but not the need for phenobarbitone therapy.
Conclusions: The growth patterns of INDM in the first 12 months of life indicated that at birth there was evidence of intrauterine growth retardation, but by 12 months the growth was little different from the rest of the community. There appears to be some influence of narcotic agents taken while pregnant on subsequent growth of INDM.     

选择性N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体NR2B亚型阻滞剂的研究进展

选择性N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体NR2B亚型阻滞剂近年来受到了越来越多的关注。目前，已报道的NR2B亚型阻滞剂的结构类型绝大多数仍为艾芬地尔发展而来的哌啶衍生物，另外还有酰胺、脒、氨基喹啉等结构类型；NR2B亚型阻滞剂在神经元保护、镇痛、抗药物依赖、抗帕金森病等方面表现了潜力。现根据不同结构类型综述NR2B亚型阻滞剂的结构及药理活性，并探讨其毒副作用较低的可能原因和临床应用潜力。     

从肝、从瘀论治镇静催眠药依赖型失眠

目的:探讨从肝、从瘀论治镇静催眠药依赖型失眠的临床疗效.方法:120例患者随机分为观察组和对照组.对照组口服舒乐安定,1 ～6 mg,qn;观察组在对照组基础上加服自拟潜阳活血方药治疗,两组疗程均为8周.观察患者的日间功能及舒乐安定使用量.结果:观察组日间功能受影响的发生率明显少于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组平均每天使用舒乐安定(1.47±1.28) mg低于对照组(4.05±1.59)mg (P ＜0.01);观察组总有效率93.3％,优于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).结论:潜阳活血方能明显改善镇静催眠药依赖型失眠症患者的日间功能,能减少安定类药物的用量,提高了临床疗效.     

药物依赖与神经递质相关性研究进展

目的 综述近5年来部分关于药物依赖与神经递质相关性的研究进展.方法对近几年国内外纳.结果阿片类药物产生依赖的机制与神经组织对药物产生适应性有关,目前较多研究集中在与药物依赖的强化效应和文献资料进行总结和归奖赏效应相关的递质方面,如单胺类递质、神经肽类递质、一氧化氮等.结论 药物依赖与体内神经递质变化关系非常密切.     

氯硝基安定抗惊厥作用耐受及停药前后对大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRHmRNA表达的影响

氯硝基安定抗惊厥作用耐受性及依赖性机制目前尚不清楚。近来发现促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（ＣＲＨ）具有促惊厥作用，并参与应激过程。我们用原位杂交方法观察了氯硝基安定抗大鼠点燃惊厥耐受及停药前后下丘脑室旁核ＣＲＨｍＲＮＡ表达的变化，发现耐受时ＣＲＨｍＲＮＡ表达增强，停药７ｄ时不再变化。提示ＣＲＨ参与了耐受性与依赖性过程。     

结核分枝杆菌异烟肼依赖性的初步调查

目的 调查临床结核菌分离株对异烟肼的依赖状况.方法 采用匡氏琼脂培养基分离痰结核菌并进行结核菌药敏试验,采用匡氏双向琼脂培养基检测结核菌药物依赖性.结果 184例临床分离结核菌株异烟肼依赖包括4种类型.A型:含药管结核菌的生长较对照管明显粗大旺盛,且高浓度管菌落生长优于低浓度管者占6.52%(12/184);B型:含药管结核菌的生长较对照管明显粗大旺盛,且低浓度管菌落生长优于高浓度管者占5.43%(10/184);C型:低浓度管结核菌的生长较对照管明显粗大旺盛,而高浓度管菌落生长劣于对照管者占8.15%(15/184);D型:高浓度管结核菌的生长较对照管明显粗大旺盛,而低浓度管菌落生长劣于对照管者占2.17%(4/184).统计结果显示具有异烟肼依赖特征的临床分离株占全部菌株的22.28%(41/184).结论 结核菌临床分离株中存在异烟肼依赖株,并显示出不同的依赖特征.